† Hijri date derived by computation from the Gregorian/Julian date; it may differ from the transmitted date by a day or two.
- Building
al-Muwaffaqiyya
The counter-city al-Muwaffaq built facing the Zanj capital al-Mukhtara in 267: once he saw the siege would be… - Building
Bibi Maryam Tomb and Mosque Complex, Narayanganj
A tomb, mosque, guest hall, arcade gate and enclosure wall in Hajiganj, Narayanganj, attributed to the late… - Building
al-Bimaristan al-Muqtadiri
On Sinan ibn Thabit's advice al-Muqtadir founded a bimaristan at Bab al-Sham, named it al-Muqtadiri, and gave… - Building
Bimaristan al-Sayyida
On 1 Muharram 306 the physician Sinan ibn Thabit opened the bimaristan al-Sayyida had founded at Suq Yahya on… - Building
Zamzam Well
The well inside the Great Mosque of Mecca from which pilgrims drink; tied in Muslim memory to Hagar and… - Building
Ancient Khizirpur Fort (Hajiganj Fort)
A riverine water fort on the Shitalakshya near Narayanganj, now called Hajiganj Fort; the 2023 documentation… - Building
Moti Masjid, Mehrauli
Draft card for the Moti Masjid of Mehrauli, Delhi, the small Mughal mosque near Qutb al-Din's shrine; its… - Building
Baraz al-Rawz palace
In 287 al-Mu'tadid ordered a palace at his chosen spot in Baraz al-Rawz; the householders of Bab… - Concept
Dhat Irq (the pilgrim's station for the people of Iraq)
Dhat Irq is the pilgrim's station (miqat) for the people of Iraq and for others who pass it, two stages from… - Concept
Dhu al-Hulayfa (the pilgrim's station, miqat, of the people of Medina)
Dhu al-Hulayfa was a water of the Banu Jushan and then the name of the place; it is the miqat of the people… - Concept
The sacred sanctuary (haram)
The sanctuary (haram) in the technical sense is Mecca and its surroundings; the name is also used for Medina… - Concept
Hijaz in the jurists' rulings
Linguistically, Hijaz comes from the root for barrier, the mountain range that separates the lowland of… - Concept
The Hijr (Isma'il's enclosure)
The Hijr is the curved enclosure beside the Ka'ba's wall, also called the enclosure of Isma'il; some call the… - Concept
Security of the Sacred Precinct (amn al-haram)
The security of whoever enters the Sacred House, one of the signs the Qur'an names for the House. Rashid Rida… - Concept
The garden of trial (where Adam dwelt)
Sha'rawi holds that the garden in which Adam and his wife dwelt was not the eternal Garden but a garden of… - Concept
Place (makan) in the law
Makan is, in the lexicon, a place, the plural being amakina. Several rulings attach to place: whether prayer… - Concept
Makka al-Mukarrama: rulings concerning the city
Makka is the name of the city that holds the Sacred House of God. It has many names, among them Bakka, Umm… - Concept
Shadharwan (the ledge at the foot of the Kaaba wall)
The shadharwan is the smooth ledge that projects from the base of the wall of the Sacred House by about… - Concept
Wadi Muhassir (the valley between Mina and Muzdalifa on the pilgrimage)
Wadi Muhassir is the valley that lies between Mina and Muzdalifa and belongs to neither; it is named for… - Event
Ali's stance during the siege of Uthman
656 CE · 35 AH† - Event
Ali enters Kufa in 36 AH
c. January 657 CE · Rajab 36 AH - Event
Ali moves the capital to Kufa
36 AHAli moved the seat of government from Medina to Kufa, because Quraysh would not back him and its factions had… - Event
Death of Malik al-Ashtar on the way to Egypt
between 657 and 659 CEAli chose Malik al-Ashtar to govern Egypt after Qays ibn Sa'd was replaced. He died at the edge of the Red… - Event
Fatima's claim to the Prophet's inheritance and Fadak
between 632 and 634 CE · 11 AHAfter the Prophet's death Fatima and al-Abbas asked Abu Bakr for their share of the Prophet's estate, the… - Event
Ali's muster at Dhi Qar
36 AHAfter Talha, Zubayr and Aisha left for Basra in 36 AH, Ali left Medina for Kufa and then camped at Dhi Qar;… - Event
Qays ibn Sa'd's governorship of Egypt and Ali's letter to him
between 657 and 659 CEAli sent Qays ibn Sa'd to govern Egypt after Muhammad ibn Abi Hudhayfa's death. Qays organised the province… - Event
Umar's last pilgrimage and Ali left as deputy in Medina
644 CE · 23 AHThe last pilgrimage Umar led in 23 AH, taking the Prophet's wives with their guardians who did not cover from… - Event
Uthman consults the Companions on the campaign to Ifriqiya
between 644 and 656 CE - Event
Uthman's settlement with the provincial delegations at Dhu al-Marwa
between 655 and 656 CE - Journey
Cairo to Qus up the Nile, on Ibn Jubayr's road
A stage of Ibn Jubayr's pilgrimage journey. He sailed up the Nile from Cairo to Qus, passing Jabal al-Muqla,… - Journey
Qus to Aydhab across the desert, on Ibn Jubayr's road
A stage of Ibn Jubayr's journey to the Hajj. He left Qus on camels with cameleers from al-Mubarraz, on the… - Place
Abadah
A small town in Fars on the eastern winter road from Shiraz to Isfahan, the northernmost district of the… - Place
Abadan
A small, populated place on the shore of the sea where waters from Basra arrive; two stages from Basra. - Place
Abar Qubadh
A city of the Tigris districts; Utba ibn Ghazwan turned to it in his hour and God opened it to him. - Place
Abarkuh
A small town belonging to Yazd on the road from Shiraz to Yazd. It was granted to the Kakuyid Faramarz in… - Place
Abarqawayh
A strong, fertile city rich in trees, walled with earth, most buildings of mud brick, with cheap prices; 123… - Place
Abarshahr
The older name of Nishapur and the capital of one of the four quarters of the province of Khurasan. Muslim… - Place
Abaskun
A fine, well-settled town from which the road runs to the Gates, the Jil and Daylam, on the edge of… - Place
Abbadan
Abbadan, Basra's island and sea-fortress; it was Humran ibn Aban's qati'a from Abd al-Malik — one of the Ayn… - Place
Abhar
A town between Hamadhan and Qazwin; al-Bara' ibn Azib besieged it en route to Qazwin — its fortress had been… - Place
Abiward
Abiward of Khurasan; its great Bahmana truced Ibn Amir at four hundred thousand — or Ibn Khazim's mission… - Place
Abr Kawan
Abr Kawan, the island off Fars first taken by al-Hakam ibn Abi al-As's sea expedition — folk call it Bani… - Place
Abrandas
A civilised city with many markets and buildings on low ground, placed by the author northeast of Ifranak… - Place
Abu Arish
A town in 'Asir about two miles from Jizan, settled first by a shaykh in the seventh/thirteenth century,… - Place
Abukir
A small town on the Mediterranean coast about fifteen miles east of Alexandria, known for the naval battles… - Place
Abūra
One of the two inhabited towns of the land of Fanmārk, where the people are largely nomadic. - Place
Abyssinia (Aksum)
The Aksumite kingdom across the Red Sea: twice occupier of Yemen (340 and 525), patron of Abraha’s elephant… - Place
Ada Kale
A small island in the Danube, now in Romania, inhabited by Turks, close to the Iron Gates and Orsova. An… - Place
Adapazari
A flourishing trading town in the province of Kocaeli, Turkey, on the fertile plain of the lower Sakarya… - Place
Adamawa
A region of West Africa named after the Fulani leader Modibbo Adama, who led the Fulani jihad there in 1809.… - Place
Aden
A port in southern Yemen on the Indian Ocean, a major station on the maritime trade routes — al-Muqaddasi's… - Place
Adhana (Adana)
A great, populous city with markets, crafts and wide livelihoods on the Sayhan river, twelve miles from… - Place
Adhriat (Der'a)
The chief town of the Hawran in southern Syria, about 106 km south of Damascus and the Edrei of the Bible. It… - Place
Adhruh
A place whose people came to the Prophet at Tabuk and paid the jizya, according to Ibn Ishaq. - Place
Adidabiya
A town of Cyrenaica on the coast, once a military station and a great commercial centre, with a substantial… - Place
Adiyaman
A small town in south-east Anatolia, formerly called Hisn Mansur after the Umayyad amir Mansur b. Dhi'awana,… - Place
Adra
A small coastal town with no wall, having a bath, an inn and plentiful water; a large river to its west,… - Place
Adranto (Otranto)
An ancient city rich in produce, with the sea around much of its wall and a river coming from the north;… - Place
Adrasht
A large, populous city rich in produce and broad in its affairs, on the shore of the strait, one hundred… - Place
Afghanistan
A region of Central Asia that the Muslims conquered in the first centuries AH. Kabul resisted Islamization… - Place
Afli
A city on a level plain with open spaces and connected buildings; high mountains lie to its north and the… - Place
Afra'
A water of the Romans in Palestine where Farwa ibn Amr al-Judhami was crucified and beheaded; he names it in… - Place
Afrunīsfā
A large, populous city on level ground with steady harvests, one of the cities of Maqdūniya. - Place
Afshana
Village near Bukhara in which Ibn Sina was born. - Place
Afsin
A small town which al-Idrisi names as the town of the People of the Cave; near it is a cave in a mountain,… - Place
Afyon (Afyonkarahisar)
A town of western Anatolia, formerly Kara Hisar-i Sahib, called Afyon Kara Hisar from its rich opium… - Place
Agadir
A Moroccan town on the Atlantic coast at the junction of the High Atlas and the Sus plain. The Portuguese… - Place
Aghāthūbulis
A city on the coastal road after Ayīmīdiyā; the author gives a stretch of twenty-five miles between them. - Place
Aghmat
A city in the far Maghreb. The author names its merchants as travellers on the desert road with Sijilmasa and… - Place
Aghramīnī
A civilised city; the author says it had been in ruins until Heraclius II rebuilt it, and places it half a… - Place
Aghrīmis
A city on the sea; the author gives eighty miles from Targhīq and one hundred and fifty miles from Jarnamūda. - Place
Agra
A city in northern India; it was the Mughal capital in the reign of Akbar and holds the Taj Mahal. - Place
Ahaggar (Hoggar)
A mountain massif of the central Algerian Sahara, named after the Kel Ahaggar Tuareg confederacy that ruled… - Place
Ahnas
A small, well-ordered town with many inhabitants and wide resources. It has many crops, plentiful and cheap… - Place
Aja and Salma (the two mountains of Tayy)
The two mountains where the tribe of Tayy settled after al-Azd moved north, so that they became known as the… - Place
Ajdabiyya
A town on a level rocky plain, now reduced to two palaces in the desert; it has no running water and no… - Place
Ajlun
A mountainous district of Transjordan, between the Yarmuk, the Hamad, the Wadi al-Zarqa' and the Ghawr,… - Place
Ajnadayn
A place in the land of al-Sham where Amr ibn Sa'id ibn al-As, Hubbar ibn Sufyan and Sa'id ibn Amr were killed… - Place
Ak Hisar ('White Castle', a place name and a nisba)
Ak Hisar, 'White Castle', is the name of several places, and gives the nisba of a number of authors. The best… - Place
Ak Mescit ('White Mosque', Crimean town later Simferopol, and a fortress on the Syr Darya)
Ak Mescit, 'White Mosque', is the name of two places. The first is a town in the Crimea, founded by the khans… - Place
Ak Saray (palace near Urgench, Gurgandj)
Ak Saray, 'White Palace', a palace near Gurgandj (Urgench) in Khwarazm, still mentioned in the Shaybaniade.… - Place
Akhaltsikhe (Akhiska)
Akhaltsikhe, called Akhiska in Persian and Turkish, 'New Fortress' in Georgian, lies on the Poskhov river and… - Place
Akharun
Akharun beyond the river; Qutayba's first objective — its and Shuman's king had pressed the Saghaniyan's… - Place
Akhīlū
A city beside a gulf twelve miles wide and twenty miles long; the author gives twenty-five miles from… - Place
Akhmim
An old city on the east bank of the Nile, with two mosques that Ibn Jubayr mentions, remains and structures… - Place
Akhrida (Ohrid)
A great city with many buildings, broad and pleasant, with a great lake nearby where fish are taken; a day… - Place
Akhsikath
Akhsikath — al-Balkhi's Akhsikath — Farghana's old city; opened by Salih ibn Muslim with Kasan, Urusht and… - Place
Acre
Acre on the Syrian coast in jund al-Urdunn — the chief maritime fortress of the Crusader wars; Salah al-Din… - Place
Akşehir
Town in Anatolia where the anecdotal Nasreddin Hoca is said to be buried; the edition notes his tomb there… - Place
Aksum
Capital of the Christian kingdom of Aksum in the Ethiopian highlands, where early Muslims took refuge around… - Place
al-Abbasiyya
In al-Baladhuri: a city Umar ibn Hafs al-Ataki built in the farthest Berber lands and named al-Abbasiyya;… - Place
al-Abbasiyya (near Kairouan)
A town Ibrahim ibn al-Aghlab founded near Kairouan in 184/800, when he was appointed amir of Ifriqiya. It was… - Place
al-Abwa
A halt on the pilgrim road about twenty-seven miles from al-Juhfa. - Place
al-Aflaj (Layla district, Nejd)
A district of southern Nejd whose most populous oasis and capital is Layla. Its spring-fed pools 'Uyun… - Place
Al-Ahkaf (Barr al-Ahkaf, southern Arabia)
Al-Ahkaf is both the title of Sura 46 and the name of a region in southern Arabia. Dictionaries usually read… - Place
The Pyramids of Giza
Two pyramids about six miles from Misr, built of large stones which al-Idrisi describes as marble, about four… - Place
al-Ahri of India
India's great pilgrimage temple — a whole town endowed to it, ringed by a thousand cells of women consecrated… - Place
al-Ahsa
A city on the Gulf coast, fine but small, which al-Idrisi says the Qaramita once held; two stages from… - Place
al-Ahwaz
A city known as Hormuz-Shahr, the capital of Khuzistan, on a broad site with healthy air, abundant food and… - Place
al-Akhdar
A place named by Abu Ruhm al-Ghifari in the night he rode near the Prophet on the road to Tabuk. - Place
al-Akhj
al-Akhj on the road to Zabulistan; its folk fought Ibn Samura and were beaten, and he opened it. - Place
Al-'Amk (plain of Antioch)
A large alluvial plain of northern Syria, north-east of Antioch, lying in the tectonic depression between the… - Place
al-Amshiyya
A halt on the road with a small spring and no permanent residents. - Place
al-Anbar
In al-Baladhuri: a town named for the Persians' granaries there, whence al-Nu'man's retainers and clients… - Place
al-Andalus
In al-Baladhuri via al-Waqidi: Tariq ibn Ziyad, Musa ibn Nusayr's agent, raided it first in year 92; Alyan,… - Place
Al-'Aqaba (Jordan's Red Sea port)
Al-'Aqaba, the only seaport of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, at the eastern head of the Gulf of 'Aqaba at… - Place
al-Aqsa Mosque
The al-Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem, which the book calls the Prophet's place of the Night Journey and the second… - Place
Al-'Ara
A place on the south shore of Yemen, west of Aden, in Subayhi territory, once the headquarters of the Banu… - Place
Al-'Arid
The central district of Najd in Arabia, centred on Wadi Hanifa below the Tuwayq escarpment. Its towns include… - Place
Al-Arish
Al-Arish, Amr ibn al-As's first halt on the march to Egypt in year 19 — thence to al-Farama; at al-Mirish… - Place
al-Arj
A halting place on the Hijra road between Quba' and Makkah, mentioned by Ibn Ishaq in his account of the… - Place
Al-'Atk (valley)
A valley in Nadid, one of the largest cutting through the western wall of the Tuwayk escarpment. It is a true… - Place
Al-'Awasim (the Syrian frontier zone)
The part of the frontier zone between the Byzantine Empire and the Caliphate in the north and north-east of… - Place
Al-Awsiyya al-Kubra
Al-Awsiyya al-Kubra, a village of the Fayyum; water reaches it from two outlets, it has a gate that controls… - Place
al-Azhar Mosque
Cairo's al-Azhar mosque, begun by the Ubaydids in Rabi' II 359 and finished in Ramadan 361. In his 2016… - Place
al-Babar
A district in the Daylam mountains toward the Caspian; Kathir ibn Shihab raided it with al-Taylasan in Umar's… - Place
al-Bahnasa
A populous city of mixed peoples, known for its weaving workshops that produced the curtains called… - Place
Al-Banas
A populous village on the Zanj coast and the last of their lands. It has a large drum whose sound carries a… - Place
al-Baylaman
al-Baylaman of Sind; it yielded without a fight to Muhammad ibn al-Qasim's force, Sursant making peace… - Place
The Idle Well and the Lofty Palace
The paired ruins of proverb — the forsaken well and the high-built palace — which al-Umari places near… - Place
al-Buhayra
A Jurjan town where Sul al-Turki camped; Yazid besieged him six months, fought him again and again, till he… - Place
al-Bunduqiyya (Venice)
The land of the Venetians, in whose midst the western sea is known; it has inhabited islands, six of them in… - Place
al-Buris of Damascus
A marvellous surviving building in central Damascus where wine flowed in ancient days, celebrated by poets… - Place
al-Buttam
al-Buttam, the hill-country beyond the river; opened by Mukhallad ibn Yazid ibn al-Muhallab in his father's… - Place
al-Buwayb
Site near the Euphrates bridge where Mihran ibn Mihrbandadh was killed in year 14; its flanks are said to… - Place
al-Dabba
A site on the Badr road, between Dhu Afran and Badr, traversed by the army of Madinah. - Place
al-Dardur
A place at sea where the water turns without pause; anything that falls into it, according to the author,… - Place
al-Dimas of Antioch
Antioch's temple, right of its congregational mosque, of common brick and stone — into a door of which the… - Place
al-Falalij
In al-Baladhuri: a site Khalid reached returning from Baniqya; a Persian host there dispersed and he met no… - Place
Al-Farama (Pelusium)
Al-Farama (Pelusium), Egypt's eastern gateway; Amr ibn al-As reached it after al-Arish, found a body of men… - Place
Al-Fayyum
Al-Fayyum, among Upper Egypt's districts; Amr ibn al-As sent Kharija ibn Hudhafa al-Adawi to it together with… - Place
al-Funt
Two great, populous towns with standing markets and common fruits, which in Islamic times were stations for… - Place
al-Furat
The town of al-Furat in the Tigris districts; Mujashi' ibn Mas'ud took it by force, its folk coming out with… - Place
Al-Fustat
Al-Fustat in al-Baladhuri: the city had been called al-Yuna, renamed al-Fustat by the Muslims as 'the… - Place
Al-Ghaba
A place near Medina on the Syrian side where the Prophet's milch-camels grazed; the site of the Dhu Qarad… - Place
al-Ghadir (al-Musayla)
A newly founded town called al-Ghadir, pleasant, whose people are Bedouin with farms and lands; eighteen… - Place
Marsa al-Ghayt
A good harbour sheltered from some winds, from which wheat and barley are exported, and linked with the… - Place
al-Ghuta
A broad belt around Damascus, about two stages long and one stage wide, with many villages and estates, among… - Place
al-Hadath (al-Mahdiyya)
al-Hadath, the Jaziran frontier-city at the Darb al-Hadath which Banu Umayya called al-Salama out of omen;… - Place
al-Haditha
al-Haditha near Mosul — an old village with two churches and Christian cells which Harthama ibn Arfaja made a… - Place
the Encompassing Wall
An ancient wall south of the lands of al-Ghurba and Usbijab, known as the Encompassing Wall, the wall of Abd… - Place
al-Hamma
A place whose water is not pleasant but is drinkable; its people make do with it, and settlements lie to its… - Place
al-Hammamat
A place a long stage from Tunis, which al-Idrisi lists among the coastal places. - Place
al-Harbiyya
a Baghdad quarter named — in al-Baladhuri — for Harb ibn Abdallah al-Balkhi of Ja'far ibn al-Mansur's shurta… - Place
the Hashimite City
A city on the Euphrates near Kufa; in al-Baladhuri begun by Yazid ibn Umar ibn Hubayra, abandoned on Marwan's… - Place
al-Hawraa
A village with a quarry of millstones carried to the far lands; its people drink from sweet wells. - Place
al-Hijr
A place where the Prophet and the Muslims stopped on their way to Tabuk; they drew from its well and were… - Place
al-Hira
The Arab capital on the edge of Iraq’s Sawad, seat of the Lakhmid kings who guarded Persia’s frontier from… - Place
al-Ijana
al-Ijana, the wide basin at the Dijlat al-Awra channel's edge three farsakhs from Basra — Jahiliyya named it,… - Place
al-Is
A place between Yanbu and al-Marwa near the Red Sea coast, reached by Hamza ibn Abd al-Muttalib's expedition… - Place
Al-Jafar (oasis)
One of two inhabited settlements at the lower end of the oases. The author says it once grew saffron,… - Place
Al-Jar
Al-Jar, the Hijaz's port where Egypt's kharaj grain-ships landed from year 21 onward — Sa'd al-Jar taking… - Place
al-Ji'rana
A settlement between Mecca and Ta'if where the Prophet halted the spoils and captives of Hunayn, received… - Place
al-Jiza
A bank of the Nile facing Fustat on the west, joined to it by a bridge of about thirty boats, with houses,… - Place
al-Juhfa
The land between Mecca and Medina — named (al-Mas'udi says) for the torrent that swept away (ajhafa) 'Ubayl… - Place
al-Jund
A populated fortress with people of Khawlan and wells, on the road from al-Thajja to Sanaa. - Place
al-Jurf
A place three miles from Medina, in the editors' reckoning; the Prophet stopped there and Ali ibn Abi Talib… - Place
the Cave and al-Raqim
The site of the Sleepers' slumber: al-Balqa's claim is rejected by al-Umari, who cites al-Harawi's own visit… - Place
al-Kalbaniyya
al-Kalbaniyya in al-Ahwaz — where Siyah al-Uswari and his corps halted, sent from Istakhr toward al-Sus as… - Place
al-Karaj
the Jibal city mastered by Isa ibn Idris whose fortress Abu Dulaf al-Qasim enlarged into a misr — 'Karaj Abi… - Place
al-Karak
A city and famous fortress south of al-Balqa', seat of kings of the Ayyubid house and then a refuge for… - Place
al-Karkh
the Baghdad quarter where al-Mansur gathered the markets, ordering merchants to build shops and obliging them… - Place
al-Khadra
A town on a small river with continuous buildings and vineyards, with a market and a bath. - Place
al-Khalil (Hebron)
A town with a mosque where the tomb of Abraham is said to lie, with graves set facing one another and wooded… - Place
al-Khaliqa (Dhu al-Khalifa)
Khalifat Bani Abi Ahmad near Medina, where Ali and al-Zubayr caught the woman carrying Hatib's letter to… - Place
al-Khandama
A rugged mountain on the edge of Mecca where resisters from Quraysh and Banu Bakr gathered under Safwan ibn… - Place
al-Kharrar
A place near al-Juhfa, reached by Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas's expedition in Dhu al-Qa'dah of the 1st year AH; they… - Place
al-Khattl
al-Khattl beyond the river; truced by Sa'id ibn Uthman, they broke — Umayya ibn Abdallah took it, they broke… - Place
al-Khawarnaq
An old Persian palace at al-Hira; in al-Baladhuri built by al-Nu'man ibn Imri' al-Qays — son of al-Shaqiqa… - Place
al-Khurayba
In al-Baladhuri: a site Khalid passed after the Ubulla fight, opened and took captive those in it, leaving… - Place
al-Kiraj
al-Kiraj of Sind; Duhar's sally broken, it yielded on terms — and here Sind's folk painted Muhammad ibn… - Place
Al-Kiryawn
Al-Kiryawn, a place below Alexandria where Amr ibn al-As met the Roman and Copt hosts mustered to strike him… - Place
al-Kudayd
A watering place between Usfan and Amaj on the road between Medina and Mecca; there the Prophet broke his… - Place
al-Kudr
A water source of Banu Sulaym in Najd, on the eastern trade road between Makkah and Syria, where the raid on… - Place
Lahun
Lahun in the Fayyum: it is related that Yusuf built it to share out the water, and in 307 AH the Fatimid… - Place
al-Mada'in
the Khusraws' city on the Tigris — Ctesiphon; in al-Baladhuri the Muslims besieged Bahurasir nine or eighteen… - Place
al-Madhar
A town of the Tigris districts; its marzban came out against Utba ibn Ghazwan, was routed with most of his… - Place
al-Mafaza
a tract adjacent to Sisar; in al-Baladhuri evacuated by al-Jurashi, its people's estates commended to his… - Place
al-Mahalla
A large town with busy markets and trade on the Balqina canal, facing another town to the east, in… - Place
al-Mahdiyya
Al-Mahdiyya, the first Fatimid seat on the Ifriqiyan coast; al-Muqaddasi c. 375 AH: walled in stone and… - Place
al-Mahfuza
al-Mahfuza, 'the Guarded', built by al-Hakam ibn Awana beyond the lake as the Muslims' refuge-misr when Hind… - Place
al-Mahjara
A great village with abundant springs, which al-Idrisi says marks the boundary between two districts. - Place
Lighthouse of Alexandria
A tall lighthouse on the Alexandria coast of finely cut stone. Al-Idrisi gives its height as about three… - Place
Al-Manhi branch
A branch that leaves the main Nile and is called al-Manhi in that region. It runs westward, and Zamakhir lies… - Place
al-Manjashaniyya
al-Manjashaniyya, six miles from Basra — the estate Qays ibn Mas'ud al-Shaybani, Kisra's warden of the Taff,… - Place
al-Mansura
al-Mansura of Sind below the lake; built by Amr ibn Muhammad ibn al-Qasim on his victory — the governors'… - Place
al-Mansura (Sind)
A newly founded city built by al-Mansur of the Abbasids, who gave it his name. It is built of mud brick and… - Place
al-Marghab
al-Marghab at Basra — Bashir ibn Ubaydallah ibn Abi Bakra dug its canals by force within Hilal ibn Ahwaz's… - Place
The Obelisks of Alexandria
Two square, tall stone obelisks, narrower at the top, bearing old inscriptions; al-Idrisi reports from… - Place
Almeria
Almeria — Nasir's fortress city with Khayran's castle, a thousand silk looms and a thousand baths, an iron… - Place
al-Mismaqan
A populated town, its trees mostly palms; al-Idrisi notes grains of many kinds and much sugar cane. - Place
al-Miyanij
A district of Azerbaijan between Ardabil and Maragha; its people joined the marzban's muster on Hudhayfa's… - Place
al-Mu'allaqa
A ruined city of Ifriqiya on the Mediterranean, about sixteen miles from Tunis, said to have belonged to the… - Place
al-Mu'askar
A populated village one stage beyond the preceding halt, near a river. - Place
al-Mudhar
A small, populated and well-built town, one stage from Bayan, which al-Idrisi mentions together with… - Place
al-Mudhayyib
Waystation on the Iraq road; in al-Baladhuri Abu Ubayd ibn Mas'ud reached it and met Jaban the Persian's host… - Place
al-Mughitha
al-Mughitha, the dam Sulayman ibn Ali built on Basra's batiha at a million dirhams' cost — turning the water… - Place
al-Muhammadiyya
The city al-Mahdi built at Rayy in 158 AH, moated and girded with a fired-brick suburb, which Rayy's people… - Place
al-Mukharrim
Village near Ayn al-Tamr; in al-Baladhuri it was not yet called Mukharrim then — it was named after a… - Place
al-Munakkab (Almunecar)
A fine, medium-sized town rich in tuna fisheries, with a square standing structure and a large basin that… - Place
al-Mun'arij
A spot in Maysan where al-Mughira ibn Shu'ba met and killed Maysan's dehqan who had apostatized from Islam,… - Place
Mount al-Muqattam
A mountain range running through the desert from the start of Egyptian lands toward Aswan, with ochre and… - Place
al-Musayla
A newly founded city on a level plain, which al-Idrisi says was established under Idris ibn Abdallah, with… - Place
al-Nahrawan
A small town crossed in its middle by the Nahrawan canal, on the road east of Baghdad, listed among the… - Place
al-Najraniyya
A village in the Kufa district settled by the Christians of Najran and their Jewish dependents when Umar ibn… - Place
al-Nashastaj
Estate in Iraq's Sawad; in al-Baladhuri granted by Uthman to Talha ibn Ubayd Allah from Khusraw's safaya and… - Place
al-Nawaqir
Three tall white mountains on the coast, which al-Idrisi places some eighteen miles from Acre. - Place
al-Nawasa
A small town on an island surrounded by the Euphrates, with abundance and buildings; about twenty miles from… - Place
al-Nil
A town in the Sawad; in al-Baladhuri al-Hajjaj dug the Nil and Zabi canals — naming the latter for the old… - Place
al-Nujayr
A fortress of Banu Kinda in Hadramawt in which al-Ash'ath ibn Qays and the chiefs of Kinda fortified… - Place
al-Qadisiyya
A place in Iraq where Amr ibn Uthman al-Taymi was killed with Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas, according to Ibn Ishaq. - Place
al-Qal
A populated village that was a city in earlier times, now a harbour with buildings and mountains around it,… - Place
Al-Qasaba (in Kawar)
A small, well-built city in the Kawar valley, surrounded by palms. Its people wear woollen cloths and drink… - Place
al-Qasiyya
al-Qasiyya at Basra, a tract the water had left dry — taken by al-Qasim ibn Sulayman on a forged grant-letter… - Place
al-Qatul
The Jaramiqa village-site on a Tigris canal where al-Mu'tasim first built before abandoning it for Samarra —… - Place
Al-Qays
An old, well-built city on the west bank of the Nile, with sugar cane and many kinds of dates. It is about… - Place
al-Quway'a
A populated harbour on the Red Sea coast, with water brought from some distance, which al-Idrisi lists on the… - Place
al-Rabadha
A place near Medina, in the editors' reckoning; Ibn Ishaq records that Abu Dharr was exiled there and died… - Place
al-Raji'
A site between Usfan and Makkah, also called al-Hada'ah, where Adal and al-Qara broke faith with Khubayb ibn… - Place
Al-Rami
An island connected to Sarandib, with crops, minerals and perfumes. The author describes a rhinoceros there… - Place
al-Rawda al-Sharifa
Draft card for al-Rawda al-Sharifa in the Prophet's Mosque, the blessed space between the minbar and the… - Place
al-Rawha
Estate in the Sawad; in al-Baladhuri granted by Uthman to Adi ibn Hatim al-Ta'i. - Place
al-Ruha (Edessa)
al-Ruha (Edessa), greatest city of the Euphratean Jazira; the first of the Jazira towns Iyad ibn Ghanm took —… - Place
al-Rumiyya
place on the Tigris near al-Mada'in; in al-Baladhuri Sa'd camped there till its people made peace — whoever… - Place
al-Rur
al-Rur, a hilltop Sind city; taken by sulh after months — 'the budd is as the churches of Christians and Jews… - Place
al-Rusafa
Baghdad's east side — built by al-Mansur for al-Mahdi, called Askar al-Mahdi from his camp there bound for… - Place
al-Ruwayan
A Tabaristan district; Sa'id ibn al-As conquered it with the plain and Dumbawand. - Place
al-Ruwaytha
A halt on the pilgrim road about thirty-six miles from al-Suqya, which al-Idrisi describes as inhabited. - Place
al-Safa
A small hill beside the Kaaba at Mecca; the Prophet climbed it to summon the clans of Quraysh and warn them,… - Place
al-Safra
A populated valley between al-Rawha' and Badr, where the Prophet sent Basbas and Adi to spy on the caravan. - Place
al-Sal
A small village of Arabs, one stage from the populated villages of the Yamama valley. - Place
al-Salihiyya
a Baghdad quarter named — in al-Baladhuri — for Salih ibn al-Mansur. - Place
Al-Salsal
A water in the land of Judham in the northern Hijaz; Amr ibn al-As camped there on his campaign towards… - Place
al-Samaghan
An Iraqi highland district; its people treated with Utba ibn Farqad alongside Darabadh for jizya and kharaj —… - Place
al-Samma
A barren desert place inhabited by poor Arab families, on the road to Basra. - Place
Al-Sarir
Al-Sarir, a land of the upper Caucasus whose king bears the title Sahib al-Sarir; Marwan ibn Muhammad entered… - Place
al-Saylahin
In al-Baladhuri: a site where the Muslims overnighted returning from the Baghdad-market raid to al-Anbar… - Place
al-Shajara
A place on the Medina road that al-Idrisi names as the miqat for people of Medina, with a few Arabs living… - Place
al-Sham (Greater Syria)
The lands north of Arabia where Qudaʾa’s Salihids then the Ghassanids ruled as Rome’s client kings, and to… - Place
al-Shash
al-Shash beyond the river, its king at Tarband; Qutayba took most of it to Isbijab, whose old fort the Turks… - Place
al-Shawt
A site near Madinah, between Madinah and Uhud on the road out to Uhud, where some of the Ansar lived and… - Place
al-Shaykhan
A site between Medina and Mount Uhud on the eastern road along the Harra; it held two utum said to be named… - Place
al-Shihr
The land of al-Shihr, which adjoins Hadramawt on its eastern side. - Place
al-Shiz
A town of Azerbaijan holding the great fire-temple Adhar Gushnasp; its people stood among the Ardabil… - Place
al-Shu'aybiyya
al-Shu'aybiyya at Basra; its Euphrates folk carried it to Ali ibn al-Rashid as his sharecroppers on lightened… - Place
al-Sibayn
Twin canals dug by Maslama ibn Abd al-Malik when granted the lowlands still holding water in return for… - Place
al-Sirin
A strong coastal fortress about five days from Hulay, with abundant water and a governor, where a fixed levy… - Place
al-Subaytiyya
al-Subaytiyya, the estate al-Mansur cut from Basra's batiha over the town's objection; a dahqan named… - Place
al-Sunh
A quarter of the 'Awali (upper Medina) named for the utm 'al-Sunh' built by Banu al-Harith ibn al-Khazraj,… - Place
al-Suqya
A halt on the pilgrim road about twenty-seven miles beyond al-Abwa, with an orchard, palm gardens and people… - Place
al-Sus (Shush)
al-Sus, the great city of al-Ahwaz; starved out by Abu Musa it fell on an eighty-man aman, its marzban… - Place
al-Tabasayn
al-Tabasayn — the twin fortresses Tabas and Qurayn, a palm-bearing jurm that is the gate of Khurasan; raided… - Place
al-Tahiriyya (Khwarazm)
A town of income and trade, with farms, reservoirs and common fruits; the first district of Khwarazm on the… - Place
al-Ta'labiyya
Waystation on the Iraq road; in al-Baladhuri Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas camped there three months till the people… - Place
al-Taylasan
A Daylam district; Kathir ibn Shihab raided it with al-Babar, among the frontier posts Rayy's governor… - Place
al-Tayrahan
A town beside Mosul; Utba ibn Farqad took it with Tikrit before marching through the Bajarma district to… - Place
al-Turbal of Jur
A venerated Persian building in central Jur razed by the Muslims. - Place
al-Ubulla
In al-Baladhuri: a town near Basra whose people gathered against Suwayd ibn Qutba; Khalid ibn al-Walid… - Place
al-Ukhdud
The dug trench of the People of the Ditch named in the Qur'an; al-Umari places it at Najran in Yemen. - Place
al-Usayfan
al-Usayfan between Kashmir, Multan and Kabul; its king, his son dead despite the idol's 'answer', broke… - Place
al-Usayra
A well of the Ansari Banu Umayya called al-'Usayra ('the hard'), which the Prophet renamed al-Yasira ('the… - Place
Al-Ushmunayn
A small, prosperous town with gardens, palms, fields and well-known cloth. About half a day or a little more… - Place
The Inner Oases (al-Dakhila)
Oases with Berbers and settled Arabs who farm where water is plentiful. The author says the indigo grown… - Place
The Outer Oases (al-Kharija)
Desert oases that were once farmed and fertile, but whose roads have fallen out of use. The author reports a… - Place
al-Watir
A watering place of Khuza'a in lower Mecca where Banu al-Dil of Banu Bakr made the night attack that broke… - Place
al-Yahudiyya
a city of Isbahan; in al-Baladhuri treated by al-Ahnaf ibn Qays on Jayy's terms. - Place
al-Yamama
A region in central Arabia; Abu Qays ibn al-Harith al-Sahmi was killed there on the day of al-Yamama in Abu… - Place
al-Yarmuk
A place in al-Sham; Ibn Ishaq dates the deaths of Abdullah ibn Sufyan al-Makhzumi and Sa'id ibn al-Harith… - Place
al-Zab
In al-Baladhuri: a district over ten days' march from Qayrawan where Ibrahim ibn al-Aghlab and twelve men… - Place
al-Zabuqa
A Basra site holding two of the seven daskaras where Utba ibn Ghazwan's men first lodged, later built in… - Place
Madinat al-Zahira
The palace-city al-Mansur Ibn Abi Amir built for his seat, moving into it the treasuries and arms stores and… - Place
al-Zurayba
A place in the direction of al-Ta'if; Sa'id ibn al-As Abu Uhayha died there over property of his, according… - Place
Ala Dagh ('motley-coloured mountain')
Ala Dagh, 'motley-coloured mountain', a Turkish name for many mountains in Turkish-speaking lands, among them… - Place
Alaba wa l-Kila' ('Alava and the forts', northern Spain)
Alaba wa l-Kila' ('Alava and the forts'), a geographical term used by Arab chroniclers of the 2nd and 3rd… - Place
Aladja Hisar (Krushevac, Serbia)
Aladja Hisar, 'the motley-coloured fortress', the Turkish name of Krushevac on the south bank of the Western… - Place
Alamās
A civilised city rich in fruit and provisions with wide buildings; the author gives half a day east of… - Place
Alamut Castle
The Batiniyya mountain-fortress near Qazwin, seat of Hasan-i Sabbah; in 511 the besieging armies struck camp… - Place
al-Lāniya
An ancient city from which the Alans take their name; the author gives twenty-four miles from Istabriyya. - Place
Alarcos
A small citadel in Castile, about seven miles south-west of Ciudad Real, on a mountain whose spurs descend to… - Place
Albania
Albania, called Arnawutluk in Ottoman usage, is a country on the Adriatic in south-eastern Europe. Its… - Place
Alburkan — the fire-vent of Sicily
The island al-Burkan, Sicily's fire-vent: headless flame-bodies rise by night and fall into the sea as the… - Place
Aleppo
A city in northern Syria, among the oldest inhabited cities in the world, flourishing under the Hamdanid,… - Place
Alexandria
Mediterranean port of Egypt, the seat of rule in Egypt before Fustat; al-Maqrizi reports it stayed a house of… - Place
Algiers
Algiers, which Ibn Battuta passed through on his way from the Maghrib to the East. According to Ibn Khaldun,… - Place
Alhama
Alhama — the fortress whose stealthy capture by the Marquis of Cadiz in the truce's last days (887) opened… - Place
Alib
A populated village, which al-Idrisi mentions together with Dawqa. - Place
Aligarh (Uttar Pradesh)
Aligarh, a town and district in Uttar Pradesh in northern India. Its modern importance rests on the… - Place
Alma
A large, civilised city with busy markets, sixty miles south of Bazla, and one of the cities of the region of… - Place
Almaligh (capital of a Muslim kingdom in the upper Ili valley)
Almaligh was the capital of a Muslim kingdom in the upper Ili valley, founded in the 7th/13th century by Uzar… - Place
Almeria
Almeria — the harbour city of al-Andalus with its impregnable citadel of Khayran built by al-Nasir; its silk… - Place
al-Munkab
Almunecar (al-Munkab) — the coastal fortress east of Malaga where the blinded ex-sultan Abu al-Hasan retired… - Place
Alsh (Elche, in the Spanish Levant)
Alsh, now Elche, is a small town in the Spanish Levant, about twelve miles south-west of Alicante. It is… - Place
Altai (mountain system of eastern Central Asia)
The Altai is a mighty mountain system of eastern Central Asia, about a thousand miles long, stretching from… - Place
Alti Shahr ('six towns', Chinese Turkistan)
Alti Shahr, 'six towns', is a name for part of Chinese Turkistan (Sinkiang) comprising Kucha, Aksu, Ush… - Place
Alwa
A town in Nubia on the bank of the Nile, five days' journey below Dunqula. Its people live by farming,… - Place
Amarkot (Umarkot, Tharparkar, Sind)
Amarkot, a town in the Tharparkar district of Sind in Pakistan, where Akbar was born on 5 Rajab 949/23… - Place
Amasya (northern Anatolia)
Amasya, a town in northern Anatolia and capital of a wilayet, known in antiquity as Amaseia. It passed from… - Place
Ambon (island in the Moluccas, Indonesia)
Ambon, an island of the Moluccas in Indonesia, where nearly half the population (about 25,000) is Muslim,… - Place
Amid (Diyarbakir)
A fine, fertile city with a wall of black stone, running water inside its walls, mills and gardens; al-Idrisi… - Place
Amman
A city in al-Balqa', two days from Jerusalem, near the Ghawr. - Place
Amorium
The Phrygian capital stormed by al-Mu'tasim in 223 — delivered by its patrikios Lawi, sacked for four days… - Place
عمورية
- Place
Amritsar
Capital of a district in the Punjab, India, founded by the fourth Sikh guru, Ram Das, on land granted by the… - Place
Amu Darya (the Oxus)
The great river of Central Asia, known to the Arabs, in learned works, as Djayhun and to the Greeks as the… - Place
Amul
Amul — Amuya — on the Jayhun; fought then truced by Abdallah ibn al-Rabi' ibn Ziyad in his brief succession… - Place
Amul (Mazandaran)
A town in the south-west corner of the eastern Mazandaran plain, on the west bank of the Harhaz river about… - Place
Amwas (Emmaus)
A village in the land of Filastin giving its name to the plague of Amwas which struck in year 18, carrying… - Place
Jazīrat Amzaniyūs
An island in the Dark Sea; the author reports a custom attributed to its people as information he was told,… - Place
Anamur
A small town and harbour on the southern coast of Anatolia, capital of a kaza in the vilayet of Icel, on a… - Place
Anapa
A former fortress on the Black Sea, on the Bugur river some 40 km south-west of the Kuban estuary, built by… - Place
Anasān
Anasān at Basra, named for Anas ibn Malik's qati'a from Ziyad. - Place
Anatolia (Asia Minor)
The mountainous peninsula projecting from Asia towards Europe, known in antiquity as Asia Minor and in Arab… - Place
Ancona
A large city of a district on the Azmum river, nine miles from the sea, with a market and ships. - Place
Andarab
A town on two rivers, one called Andarab, with gardens, walks, many trees and vineyards; seven stages from… - Place
Andijan
- Place
Andkhuy
A town of about 25,000 in north-western Afghanistan, near Mazar-i Sharif, on the steppe north of the Oxus,… - Place
Anfa
A harbour on the Maghreb coast about forty miles from Fudala, which ships wheat, barley and sheep, and where… - Place
Angers
A large city with many people and a wide district, with vineyards and fields; seventy miles from Shant Majal… - Place
Anhalwara (Patan, Gujarat)
A city of Gujarat on the Saraswati, capital of the Muslim province of Gujarat from 699/1299 to 816/1413, when… - Place
Anhū
A populous city in the land of Astlanda; the author gives two hundred miles from Raghūlda. - Place
Anjiya
An island among the Ramij islands, with a town of mixed population that includes Muslims at the time,… - Place
Annaba
A city on the Algerian coast; it is the site of Bona in Ibn Battuta's Rihla. - Place
Ansina
An old city on the east bank of the Nile with gardens and abundant fruit. The author says it is known as the… - Place
Antioch
Antioch, the Syrian frontier city on the Amanus approach; its people compounded with Abu Ubayda for jizya and… - Place
Antaliya (Antalya)
New Antalya, a sparsely settled town that was once a populous city; two days from the old one. - Place
Antartus
A coastal town with a strong wall; it is the port of Homs, and near it lies a large island with a populated… - Place
Antequera
A town near Archidona, thirty-five miles from Malaga; the author says the rebels of al-Andalus emptied it… - Place
Anzalan
A populated harbour with buildings, the first land of the Ghumara; near it lies the fort of Tiqsas on the sea. - Place
Aqlībah
A populous city in the inner land of the Qumans, eight days from Ṭarawiyā, which the author calls the last… - Place
Aqra
A city on one of two rivers rising in the land of Bawāmiya; the author gives forty miles from Baṭash. - Place
Aqrūnus
A notable city on a high mountain ridge; the author gives six stages from Istūbūnī. - Place
Aqūliya
A city of the land of Isqalūniya; the author gives seventy miles from Siqlāwsh. - Place
Arafat
A broad plain outside Mecca where pilgrims stand on the Day of Arafat. It is so called because Gabriel asked… - Place
Arakan
The most westerly division of Lower Burma, between the Arakan Yoma range and the Bay of Bengal. It was an… - Place
Aral Sea
A large, slightly salty lake in western Turkestan, with an area of 66,458 sq km in 1942, of which 2,345 sq km… - Place
Arbuna
The name by which Arab historians designated the town of Narbonne. Early Muslim expeditions reached it; 'Abd… - Place
al-Arbus
A city on level ground with running springs that never dry, including Ayn Rabah; its saffron rivals the… - Place
Archers' Hill
A hill southeast of the Muslim camp at Uhud, where the Prophet stationed fifty archers to prevent the Meccan… - Place
Archidona
A town between Malaga and Cordoba, thirty-five miles from Malaga; the author says it and Antequera were… - Place
The Asbahanis' Land
The Asbahanis' land at Basra, bought from Arabs — the Asbahanis were converts who had migrated to Basra, said… - Place
Ardabil
Ardabil, among Adharbayjan's holdings in al-Baladhuri; to it the Khazars withdrew after the Warthan-desert… - Place
Ardahan
A town in eastern Turkey on the Kuručay, which becomes the Kura, at about 1,800 m. It was once the capital of… - Place
Ardjish
A small ancient town on the north-eastern shore of Lake Van, attested from the Urartian period and in… - Place
Arīniya
A small town; the author gives eighty miles east of Aqra. - Place
Arjan
A city in the lands of Fars; two stages from Arjan to Asak, one more to al-Dawraq and then to Basyan. - Place
Arjish
of the northern Armenian cities on Lake Van; Habib ibn Maslama's collectors levied the head-jizya of its… - Place
Arma'il
Arma'il of Makran; taken by Muhammad ibn al-Qasim after Qanirbur — Muhammad ibn Harun dying nearby, buried at… - Place
Armant
A town on the east bank of the Nile, a day's sail from Isna. It has palms and trees bearing several kinds of… - Place
Armenia
Armenia in al-Baladhuri on two schemata: Shimshat, Qaliqala, Khilat, Arjish and Bajunays as the fourth… - Place
Armūqastru
A city with tall buildings and wide channels, overlooking the sea; the author gives two days south of Dasīna. - Place
Arqa
A pleasant village on the road to Sa'da, in al-Idrisi's description. - Place
Arrajan
Arrajan, the Fars city adjoining Tawwaj — raided from Tawwaj by Uthman, then taken by him and Abu Musa on… - Place
Arran
Arran, of the first Armenia's lands and then in Khazar hands; Qubadh ibn Fayruz's general trod it with twelve… - Place
Ārthā
A fine city on a strong mountain; the author, citing al-Ḥawqalī, says strangers entering it were killed. - Place
Arṣāh
A populous city with many houses, abundant water and rivers, vineyards and farms, at the foot of the great… - Place
Arsaniyakath
A town with well-built structures, busy markets and orchards and fruit, on level ground, twenty-nine miles… - Place
Arshdhuna (Ronda)
A town between Malaga and Cordoba; it and Antaqira were two cities emptied by the troubles of the civil wars. - Place
Arshgul
A town no longer in existence on the Algerian coast, between Oran and the Moroccan frontier at the Tafna,… - Place
Arsuf
A small fishing port on the Palestinian coast, about ten miles north of Jaffa; its Arabic name probably… - Place
Arwad
In al-Baladhuri: an island near Constantinople opened by Janada ibn Abi Umayya in year 54, settled with… - Place
Arzan al-Rum
Arzan al-Rum (Erzurum), the Muslim Armenian city on the Byzantine marches; in 605 the Georgians besieged,… - Place
Asadabadh
A town in al-Jibal, about seven farsakhs or 54 km south-west of Hamadhan, on the western slope of the Alwand… - Place
Asak (Khuzistan)
A large, populated village where mats are made and sold in Iraq, on the road between Arjan and al-Dawraq. - Place
Asawal
A town near Jinawal, alike to its neighbours in its people, dress and trade. - Place
Asbara
A town of hills and plains, among the most pleasant lands of Farghana, as large as Akhsikath, with a great… - Place
Usfan
A settlement two stages from Mecca on the Medina road; there Abu Sufyan met Budayl ibn Warqa' coming back… - Place
Asfi
A town and island on the Atlantic coast of the far Maghreb. Al-Idrisi relates its name through the story of… - Place
Ashburqan
A town in al-Jawzjan, fifty-four miles from Talaqan, with fields, orchards and little running water. - Place
Ashir
A city known as Ashir of Ziri, with a sandy plain and spring water, near Sutayt. - Place
Ashkāla
A small, civilised town in the land of the Alans, close to the sea; the author gives its distance from… - Place
Ashkshiya
A fine city in the land of the Alans and one of its ports; the author gives one hundred and fifty miles from… - Place
Ashtarqa (Astorga)
A populous town with many vineyards and springs, on the road to Leon, one stage away. - Place
Ashura island
A sparsely settled island with rough land full of thickets and trees, four days from Shamil and a light day's… - Place
Asila
A small town with a wall, not strong; its people drink from wells. One light stage from Tangier. - Place
'Asir
A region of western Arabia named after a confederation of tribes in al-Sarat. Its highlands run from al-Nimas… - Place
Asirgarh
A fortress in the Nimar district of Madhya Pradesh, about 2,200 feet above sea level, commanding the only… - Place
Ascalon
Ascalon on the Filastin coast; taken under Umar — some say by Amr ibn al-As — by treaty after stratagem, and… - Place
Askanja
A large city bordering the edge of the Mount Mont Jūn range, on the eastern bank of a river, with many… - Place
Askar Mukram
Askar Mukram in al-Ahwaz, named for Mukram ibn Mutarrif who camped there hunting his father's killer on… - Place
Assab
Town and port at the north-western end of the Bay of Assab on the coast of Eritrea, in arid country inhabited… - Place
Assam
The easternmost province of India and Burma, comprising the Brahmaputra valley and the hills around it.… - Place
Astarabadh
A town in northern Iran about 23 miles east of the south-eastern corner of the Caspian Sea, now called… - Place
Astrakhan
A city and district on the left bank of the Volga, some sixty miles from its mouth in the Caspian Sea. Ibn… - Place
Astrīk
A fine city with visible buildings on the western bank of the Rhine, with vineyards, trees and livestock,… - Place
Astrikūna
The capital of the land of Bawāmiya, the largest and most populous of its cities, which the author calls the… - Place
Astur
A populous town of Turks with wide plains, wheat and rice, iron mines, on the Ghamash river; its people are… - Place
Aswan
A small, prosperous town with plenty of wheat, vegetables and meat. It is the furthest point up the Nile that… - Place
Asyut
A city in Upper Egypt on the west bank of the Nile, about three miles from it, with palm groves around it and… - Place
Atar
A town in Mauritania, chief place of the Adrar circle, at about 230 m above sea level and about 420 km east… - Place
Atbara (river)
A tributary of the Nile, known to the ancients as Astaboras. It rises in Abyssinia not far from Gondar,… - Place
Atbash
A town on a strong mountain, ten stages from Tibet, with crafts and markets; the road to Barsakhan leaves… - Place
Atek
A district of Soviet Turkmenistan on the northern slope of the frontier mountains with Khurasan (the Kopet… - Place
Athafit
A city with many vineyards and villages; its people draw water from a large reservoir fed by springs. - Place
Athens
Capital of Greece. Muslims first came into contact with the town in 283 AH (896), when Saracen pirates… - Place
Atrūbī
A city forty miles east of Nīsū, with a river from the Serbian mountains passing near it. - Place
Atil (Khazar capital)
The city of the Khazars and their capital; two cities on the two banks of the river, the king living on the… - Place
Aceh (Atjeh)
The northernmost part of the island of Sumatra, once the seat of a powerful Muslim empire and now a province… - Place
Atlas Mountains
The mountains of North Africa, in Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia, which give variety to the monotonous Sahara… - Place
Tripoli (Libya)
Tripoli, the Maghreb's sea-city nine days from Ifriqiya; Amr ibn al-As camped before it in year 22, it was… - Place
Atrasa
A city on the Ganges, one of the frontier towns of the Qanauj kingdom, five stages from Niyast. - Place
Atrek (river)
A river in the north of Khurasan, rising on the Hazar Masjid mountain of the Gulistan ridge of the Kopet… - Place
Awbakin Island
An island reached by sea from Kanbaya, among the sea islands named in the Sind lands. - Place
Awdaghast
A small city in a dry desert, set between two hills, which the author compares in shape to Mecca. Its trade… - Place
Awjila
A town ten days west of Sanitriyya, which the author says is reached by the road from Sanitriyya. - Place
'Awlaki (tribal confederation and territory)
A tribal confederation and territory of south Arabia, the easternmost district of the Western Aden… - Place
Awlil
An island port off the coast with the best-known salt works in the Sudan lands. Ships load salt there and… - Place
Awliya Ata (Djambul)
A city of the Kazakh SSR on the left bank of the Talas, called Awliya Ata, 'holy father', after the grave of… - Place
Awnastra
An inland town in the middle of the island, eighty miles from Hintūna. - Place
Awrangabad (Aurangabad)
A town and district of the state of Bombay, with 1,179,404 inhabitants in 1951. Previously called Khirki, it… - Place
Awrangabad Sayyid
A small town in the Bulandshahr district of Uttar Pradesh, founded in 1704 by Sayyid Abd al-'Aziz, a… - Place
Awtas
A valley in the territory of Hawazin where Malik ibn Awf mustered the tribal confederation before Hunayn, and… - Place
Ayadhaj
Ayadhaj of al-Ahwaz; Abdallah ibn Amir took it after heavy fighting, Kurds gathering to its defenders. - Place
Ayas (Yumurtalık)
A town on the Cilician coast at the Gulf of Iskenderun, an important harbour for trade between West and East… - Place
Ayasuluk (Selçuk)
A small town on the western coast of Anatolia, on the site of ancient Ephesus, known in the Middle Ages as… - Place
Aydhab
In al-Baladhuri: a coast in the Buja lands where the provision ships al-Qummi had carried from the Qulzum… - Place
Aydın
A town in western Anatolia, formerly Tralleis, seat of the Aydın-oghlu emirate and later of an Ottoman sanjak… - Place
Ayla
A town whose master Ibn Ishaq names as Yuhanna ibn Ru'ba, who made peace with the Prophet at Tabuk and paid… - Place
Aylūghīs
A city on a mountain, twelve miles from the Pontic gulf. - Place
Ayman
A city on the sea; the author gives twenty-five miles from Akhīlū. - Place
'Ayn al-Jarr
An ancient site in the Biqa' with the remains of an Umayyad town founded by al-Walid b. 'Abd al-Malik about… - Place
Ayn al-Mushash
The spring Zubayda dug in the Hijaz and channelled over twelve miles of hill and wadi into Mecca at a… - Place
'Ayn al-Qushayra
The spring by Tarsus where al-Ma'mun died — glossed by the captives as 'stretch your legs' and 'al-Raqqa' in… - Place
Ayn al-Sayd
A Taff spring; in al-Baladhuri named Ayn al-Sayd because fish gathered in it — once plugged, a Muslim's horse… - Place
Ayn al-Tamr
A place where Umayr ibn Ri'ab al-Sahmi was killed with Khalid ibn al-Walid on his way back from al-Yamama in… - Place
Ayn Shams
Ayn Shams, among Egypt's towns; Amr ibn al-As sent Abdallah ibn Hudhafa al-Sahmi to it after al-Fustat's fall… - Place
Ayn Zarba (Anazarbus)
Ayn Zarba (Anazarbus) among the Syrian march-cities; al-Rashid ordered its building and fortification in year… - Place
Aynabakhti (Naupaktos, Lepanto)
A town on the Gulf of Corinth in Greece, the ancient Naupaktos and Lepanto. It came under Venetian rule in… - Place
Ayvalık
A town on the Aegean coast of western Anatolia, mostly Greek until the exchange of populations in 1923. - Place
Azak (Azov)
A city on the Sea of Azov, an emporium of East-West trade in the fourteenth century; taken by the Ottomans in… - Place
A'zamgarh
A town in Uttar Pradesh, India, founded in 1076 AH (1665) by A'zam Khan I; it suffered repeated floods and is… - Place
Azerbaijan
The province of Azerbaijan, whose seat Ardabil held its marzban and kharaj office; Hudhayfa ibn al-Yaman… - Place
Azm
A civilised town on the river with a moving market for trade with those coming from Fars, one stage from… - Place
Azqi
A place in the land of the Lamtuna. The author gives twelve stages of desert travel between it and… - Place
Azuki
A civilised, not large town in the Masufa lands, thirteen stages from Sijilmasa. - Place
Baalbek
City in Damascus's Sanir district holding the temple of Baal — the Baal of the Qur'anic verse — its two… - Place
Bab wa-l-Abwab (Derbent)
Bab wa-l-Abwab (Derbent), the city Anushirwan Kisra ibn Qubadh built, named 'gates' for the narrows on which… - Place
Bab al-Fil (the Elephant Gate)
A gate of Kufa's mosque; in al-Baladhuri the Muslims took an elephant at al-Mada'in's conquest, wrote Umar… - Place
Bāb al-Ḥadīd
A fortress and iron gate cut into a mountain by a valley; the author, citing the interpreter Sallām,… - Place
Bab al-Lan (Darial)
Bab al-Lan, a pass of the upper Caucasus adjoining Shirwan's land, near the wall of al-Lubn that Qubadh… - Place
Bab al-Mandab
The straits between the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden, divided by the volcanic island of Mayyun (Perim) into a… - Place
Bab Idris
A town set among mountains and ravines with a hard entrance; fertile, rich in water and fruit, about eighteen… - Place
Babadagh
A town in the Dobruja named after the dervish Sari Saltik, taken for the Ottomans by Bayezid I and now in… - Place
Babaeski
A town in eastern Thrace 50 km south-east of Edirne, called Bulgarophygon in the Byzantine period, with a… - Place
Babil (Babylon)
A small village that was once a great city; al-Idrisi says it was an old great capital, and that it is now a… - Place
بابليون مصر
- Place
Badakhshan
A mountain land with many animals and herds, from which precious stones are taken; musk is carried out of it,… - Place
Badghis
Badghis, the hill-country of Khurasan; covered by Herat's great sulh with Ibn Amir and Bushanj under the writ… - Place
al-Badhandun
A Byzantine frontier spot with a cold clear spring; al-Ma'mun camped there, admired a silvery fish in the… - Place
Hisn Badis
A fortress at the foot of the Aurès range, inhabited, whose lands are held by Arabs who guard it through one… - Place
Badis (Maghrib)
A civilised town with markets and a few crafts, its people Ghumara, about half a day from Karkal. - Place
Badr
Settlement in the Hejaz, southwest of Medina, near the wells where the Battle of Badr was fought in 624 CE. - Place
Baduraya
Town of the Baghdad Sawad; in al-Baladhuri a poet lists it with al-Anbar, Qatarrabul and Maskin in Baghdad's… - Place
Baeza
A city on a hill overlooking the great river that flows down to Cordoba, twenty miles from Jaen. - Place
Baghah (Baena)
A town of great beauty for its abundant water, which runs through its gardens; it has vineyards and trees… - Place
Baghay
A city near the Aurès range, three stages from Constantine, linked to the Aurès range, whose people are… - Place
Baghdad
Capital of the Abbasid caliphate, founded by al-Mansur in 762 CE and a great centre of learning. - Place
Baghlan
A civilised town with rivers, trees, buildings and many villages; two stages from Andarab and six from Balkh. - Place
Lake Bakhtakan
One of the largest lakes of Fars, about sixty miles long with salt water; the river Kur falls into it, and… - Place
Lake of Banzart
A lake sixteen miles long; al-Idrisi says each month brings a kind of fish found in no other month, twelve… - Place
Lake Basafriya
A lake with a monastery of the Basafriyya on it, salt water and abundant fish; reeds and esparto grass around… - Place
Lake Bidasht Arzan
A lake about thirty miles long with fresh water, most of which dries up in summer; boats fish on it. - Place
Lake Jankan
A salt lake about six miles long, with fisheries and livelihoods, settled around it, about six miles from… - Place
Lake of Tinja
A lake about four miles long with sweet water, connected to the Lake of Banzart; al-Idrisi says the water of… - Place
Lake Zughar
The dead lake, which al-Idrisi describes as having no living thing in it; it is where two towns of Lot's… - Place
The Sea of Darkness (the Atlantic west of al-Andalus)
The Atlantic west of al-Andalus and the lands of Britain. The author reports that its tides follow set hours… - Place
Bahrayn (historic Eastern Arabia)
The pre-modern name for the eastern Arabian coastal region where Kinda first settled and where Abd al-Qays,… - Place
Al-Bahrayn (oasis in Egypt)
The second inhabited settlement with al-Jafar in the oases. A fortified-looking village ringed by palms, two… - Place
Bahurasir
the city on the Kufa side of al-Mada'in; in al-Baladhuri the Muslims camped against it nine or eighteen… - Place
Baja
A city where the palace of the Baghbugh king stands, with his household; four stages from Isnakhwa on the… - Place
Baja (Maghrib)
A town rich in fig trees whose dried figs are carried to many lands, one stage from Suq Ibrahim. - Place
Bajirwan
A district of Azerbaijan; its men stood among the fighters the marzban of Ardabil mustered against Hudhayfa. - Place
Bajjana (Baza)
Once a famous town before Almeria; it was ruined and only traces remain. Gardens, orchards and vineyards… - Place
Bakhta
An inhabited village in Beja land with a market. It gives its name to the Bactrian camels, prized as the most… - Place
Bakhwan
A town on the bank of the Jaz river, from which most iron goods go out to the Turkish lands; it has fields… - Place
Balad
A town on the western bank of the Tigris above Mosul, rich in produce, with a running stream besides the… - Place
Balāḥ
A fine city in the land of Qarnaṭāra on the river Darūa, rich in water and rivers. - Place
Balanjar
A Khazar city beyond Derbent — where Abd al-Rahman ibn Rabi'a fell in AH 32 and where his body was kept in a… - Place
Balaq
A town in Nubia between two arms of the Nile, where merchants from Nubia, Abyssinia and Egypt meet during… - Place
Balasajan
An Azerbaijani mountain holding the Balasajan Kurds; Hudhayfa's treaty bound the marzban not to expose the… - Place
Balat al-Shuhada
The 'Martyrs' Causeway' in Francia — Poitiers — where al-Ghafiqi's army was destroyed in Ramadan 114; the… - Place
Balgharduwān
A large, populous city with notable churches; the author gives seventy miles from Qāwun. - Place
بالس
- Place
Balkh
Balkh, the city of the Tukhara; al-Ahnaf's march won its sulh at four or — the sounder report — seven hundred… - Place
Bamiyan
Bamiyan — its great idol house and the images sent to Baghdad after the conquest - Place
Bamm
Bamm of Kirman; its folk truced al-Rabi' ibn Ziyad, broke and apostatized, and Mujashi' ibn Mas'ud retook it. - Place
Mount Banbuwan
A mountain east of Nughayra, tilting south. The author calls it one of the highest mountains on earth, bare… - Place
Bandasa
A medium-sized populated town with a wall and a market, thirty miles from Faskiyu. - Place
Banu Zandawi
A fortress on a plain with a Friday market visited by the people of the surrounding district. - Place
Baniqya
In al-Baladhuri: a Sawad town Jarir ibn Abdallah al-Bajali pacified on a thousand dirhams and a taylasan;… - Place
Baniya
A small town of abundant goods and low prices, whose people live in comfort and plenty. - Place
Banjar (Kimak)
A large town with soldiers, arms and wealth, where tigers and other animals are found; its people carry furs… - Place
Banna
Banna between Multan and Kabul by the marshes; reached by al-Muhallab in 44h — the Azd's night-stand praised… - Place
Bansa
A large, populous, fertile and fortified city with abundant crops; the author says its people are known for… - Place
Banzart
A fortified coastal city between two lakes, a long day's journey by land from Tunis. - Place
al-Baqi' (Baqi' al-Gharqad)
Medina's great cemetery east of the Prophet's Mosque; As'ad ibn Zurara was the first Muslim buried there on… - Place
Baqṣīn
A famous city mentioned in many ancient capitals, with farms, craftsmen and scholars, on the Danube to the… - Place
Baqta
A small town like a village gathered around a market, without walls, on a sand hill. Its people travel little… - Place
Barah
In al-Baladhuri: a sea-shore city in the Great Land of the Maghreb, about fifteen days from Barqa; its people… - Place
Barbastro
Barbastro, chief town of the Burṭāniya country near Zaragoza; stormed by the Nordmanni host in 456 after… - Place
Barcelona
A city on the eastern coast of al-Andalus facing the island of Minorca; al-Idrisi gives about a hundred miles… - Place
Bardha'a (Partaw)
Bardha'a (Partaw) in Arran, 'the frontier's city entire'; Qubadh ibn Fayruz built it when he followed his… - Place
Bardsir
A town with a wall, ditch and gates, with many markets, two stages from Sirjan. - Place
Barfanṭū
A city at the foot of a gentle hill; the author gives thirty miles west of Batrānī, with a river flowing… - Place
Bari
A large, populous city of the Lombard lands with ship-building on the coast, about twelve miles from Brindisi. - Place
Barisi
A small town on the Nile without walls, more like a settled village, whose people are travelling merchants… - Place
Barkha
A town of middling size on the Sofala coast, with a mix of Indian and other residents. The ruler of the… - Place
Barna
A populous city on the sea, with many houses, vineyards and fields; the author gives eighty miles west to the… - Place
Burnus
A city close to the sea; the author gives fifty miles from Ayman. - Place
Barqa (Cyrenaica)
Barqa (Cyrenaica), the nearer Maghreb between Egypt and Ifriqiya, its city Antabulus; Amr ibn al-As… - Place
Barqana
A fortified stronghold with much water, gardens and vineyards, one stage from Jarawa. - Place
Barsakhan al-Ulya
A fortified Turkish town where most of the nearby Turks take refuge in need, five stages from Nawakit. - Place
Barsaklāfa
A city in open country on a river that can be easily forded; the author gives four days from Dirīstara. - Place
Barus
Barus of the Sind-Indian lands; sent to by al-Hakam ibn Abi al-As under his brother Uthman's governorship. - Place
Barwa
A town on the coast of the Indian Ocean, the last land of black peoples the author describes as having no… - Place
Barza District
An Azerbaijani district of the Awad tribe whose chief town one of them peopled and fortified; a minbar was… - Place
Barzan
Barzan in Sijistan; there Rutbil's embassy sought Ubaydallah ibn Abi Bakra's peace for his land and Kabul's —… - Place
Bashan (Khurasan)
A populous town of fine buildings, with inns, baths, a congregational mosque and a pulpit. - Place
Bashhiyar
A city with an official appointed by the Baghbugh, retainers and servants, which fights the Turks guarding… - Place
Bashu Island
A blessed island with good soil, orchards, olives and well water; only traces of its town remain. - Place
Basīṭrīnis
A fine city with abundant water and a reasonable size; the author gives half a day east of Karnabī. - Place
Bāsilīkū
A city on the sea coast; the author gives twenty-five miles from Aghāthūbulis. - Place
Basmad
A town in Sind, three stages from al-Rur. - Place
Basna
A small town where curtains bearing its name are made; al-Idrisi describes it as pleasant with many gardens. - Place
Basra
Port city in southern Iraq founded as a Muslim garrison town around 636 CE, a centre of grammar, theology and… - Place
Bāṣu
A city in the land of Bawāmiya; the author gives eighty miles south of Aqra. - Place
Basta (Baza)
A populous, inhabited city with strong walls, a clean market, trade and crafts of many kinds; thirty miles… - Place
Bastam
A fine town with a wall, standing markets and tax-collection, one stage from Gurgan on the road to Damghan. - Place
Basyan
A medium-sized, populated town crossed by a river, two stages from Askar Mukram. - Place
the Bata'ih (Great Swamp)
A vast marshland in lower Iraq; in al-Baladhuri it formed after the Hijra when great breaches burst that… - Place
Bathira
A strong fortress of modest size overlooking the sea; a valley of great size circles it, in al-Idrisi's… - Place
Bathna
A town on the coast of the Sofala lands, joined to the Zanj lands. About eight stages from al-Banas, with a… - Place
Bathrun
A town in western Oman with villages and buildings, whose people take shelter in the mountains. - Place
Batlyus (Badajoz)
A great city on a plain with a suburb larger than the town, on the Yana river, which al-Idrisi says sinks… - Place
Batn Marr
A place on the road from Mecca, about sixteen miles out, with a spring in a sandy watercourse and a few palms… - Place
Batn Nu'man
A named halt on the road from Mecca to al-Ta'if, reached after a short further stage. - Place
Jabal Bāṭra
A mountain range across Khazar land running north to south, with silver and good lead deposits from which… - Place
Batrānī
A civilised city of middling size; the author gives thirty miles west by land from Burnus. - Place
Batsawa
A large, populous city with wide quarters, markets, crafts, running water and steady harvests; the author… - Place
Bausa island
One of two islands under the king Qamrun. Its people are fair-skinned and its women handsome. The author says… - Place
Bawazij al-Anbar
In al-Baladhuri: villages opened by Jarir ibn Abdallah al-Bajali, home to people of Banu Taghlib and of… - Place
Bayad
Bayad, a village of the Fayyum; water reaches it from the great canal and fills its ponds, which have… - Place
Bayan
A town on the eastern bank of the Tigris with a pulpit; al-Idrisi says its people are keen to rise above… - Place
Bayas
A town resembling the Ghawr, with many fine fruits, one light stage from Massisa. - Place
al-Bayda (Fars)
A large town with a wide district, named for the whiteness of its palaces; its people are well off and dress… - Place
Baydnī
A city which the author places northwest of Lafīsa on the Danube. - Place
Bayhaq
Bayhaq, a rustaq of Naysabur; the ascetic al-Aswad ibn Kulthum breached its walls and fell with his band… - Place
Baykand
Baykand beyond the river, two farsakhs from its dependency Ramadin; Ubaydallah ibn Ziyad's twenty-four… - Place
al-Baylaqan
in Arran, built by Qubadh ibn Fayruz; Salman ibn Rabi'a al-Bahili took it by treaty securing blood, wealth… - Place
Bayrut (Beirut)
A city on the salt sea, with a mountain nearby holding good iron ore carried to Syria, and a grove of trees… - Place
Baysan (Beisan)
Jordan-valley town of Palestine at the foot of Mount Gilboa, west of the river; near it the battle of Ayn… - Place
Bayt Lahm (Bethlehem)
A place with a finely built church, which al-Idrisi says marks where Jesus was born; Rachel's tomb lies on… - Place
The fire-temple of Jur
Ardashir ibn Babak's fire-temple at Jur of Fars — seen by al-Mas'udi himself — set on a fine spring an hour… - Place
The Ustaniya fire-temple
A fire-temple near Baghdad built by Queen Buran daughter of Khusraw Parviz at Ustaniya. - Place
Bayyasa (Baeza)
A town set on a raised mound visible from far off, on a river, twenty miles from Jayyan. - Place
Baza
Baza, the stout city of eastern al-Andalus known for its prized rugs; it endured the Castilian siege of 894… - Place
al-Bawazij
A town on the Lesser Zab, twelve miles from al-Sinn, in the Jazira and the lands of Mudar. - Place
Bazla
A city in the land of the Burgundians of the Germans, on the western bank of the Rhine; the author gives… - Place
Béjaïa
A city on the Algerian coast, visited by Ibn Battuta on his journey. - Place
Belfer
A civilised city on the salt sea, well-provisioned, with fisheries for tuna and many livelihoods; its boats… - Place
Balgrāba
A city in the land of Qarnaṭāra; the author places it thirty miles south of Astrikūna. - Place
Berja
One of the towns with pulpits around Almeria, with markets, crafts, tilled land and farms; two days' journey… - Place
Bidhawāra
A city sixty miles from Būzāna, with the river Darūa joining the Danube between them. - Place
Bikand
A town one stage from Firab, with a strong wall and a congregational mosque, on the road to Bukhara. - Place
Bilad al-Buja
In al-Baladhuri: lands a month's barren march of rugged mountains from the lands of Islam, holding the gold… - Place
The land of Banu Sa'd
The settlements of Banu Sa'd ibn Bakr of Hawazin where the Prophet was nursed by Halima al-Sa'diyya; in her… - Place
Bilaja
A strong, lofty and guarded stronghold near the river al-Qarib, fifteen miles from Qasr Ibn Mankud. - Place
Bilalabadh
A Basra site holding Muslim ibn Abi Bakra's bathhouse — the town's third — which passed to Amr ibn Muslim… - Place
بلبيس
- Place
Bilzama
A fortified town near Constantine with a suburb, a market and wells, set in a broad plain, built of large… - Place
Bimand
Bimand of Kirman; Mujashi's army first perished there, then he took it by force, spared its folk on aman —… - Place
Bir al-Rawha
A well on the road from Medina to Mecca, from which the Prophet turned back Abu Lubaba. - Place
Bir Ana
A well among the wells of the Banu Qurayza, in the area of their properties in Medina. The Prophet halted by… - Place
Bir Ghars
A Medina well whose water the Prophet favoured; Rabah his mawla drew from it, and the Prophet said 'the well… - Place
Bir Malik ibn al-Nadr
The Medina well known as Bir Anas; Abu Ayyub drew the Prophet's drinking water from it while he lodged with… - Place
Bir Ruma
The well of Ruma in al-Aqiq — revived by Muzayna allies of the Ansar and named for a woman who drew from it;… - Place
al-Birun
al-Birun of Sind; its people's preemptive sulh to al-Hajjaj held — they brought fodder and admitted Muhammad… - Place
Bish (Pisa)
A famous city of the Roman lands with many markets and houses, which has boats, horses and readiness, on a… - Place
Bisha
A small, well-built town with good houses and a pleasant site, which al-Idrisi describes as having gardens… - Place
Bīzūy
A large, populous city whose people are craftsmen, with farms and connected districts; the author gives fifty… - Place
al-Baḥr al-Buntusi
A large gulf-like sea joined to the Dark Sea, bordered by the lands of Heraclius, the Bentim, the Khazars,… - Place
The sea of Nitas (Black Sea)
A gulf branching from the Syrian sea at the mouth of Abdhah, narrow enough to cross with an arrow's flight… - Place
Brahmanabadh
Brahmanabadh al-Atiqa, two farsakhs from al-Mansura's later site; Dahir's remnant made its stand — stormed… - Place
Bramjard
Bramjard near Istakhr; there the townsmen met and killed Ibn Amir's vanguard Ubaydallah ibn Ma'tar — buried… - Place
Brindisi
A great city on the sea on several sides, handsome in its build and spacious in its open ground, with… - Place
Bruges
A medium-sized, civilised city with many amenities and low prices, fifteen miles west of Ghent, and thirty… - Place
Lake Buruan
A great lake in Tibet about forty farsakhs long, with forts and fortresses on it; the people of Buruan and… - Place
Lake Kabudhan
A lake about four stages long from north to south and a few miles wide, with great waves in winter; al-Idrisi… - Place
Lake of Khwarazm
A lake ringed by desert; al-Idrisi says its circuit is about three hundred miles, several rivers flow into… - Place
Lake Tiberias
A lake fed by the rivers of Bisan, the Yarmuk and al-Hadd, whose water flows on to the lake of Zughar;… - Place
Lake Tinnis
A lake fed by the Nile, sweet in summer when the flood spreads and salt in winter when sea water prevails; it… - Place
Lake Zarra
A lake whose water spreads and shrinks with the seasons, with villages and farms along it, about nine miles… - Place
Buhran
A place in the Hijaz, in the area of al-Fara', which the text describes as a mine. The Prophet set out for it… - Place
Bukhara
Silk Road city in present-day Uzbekistan, a centre of learning under the Samanids and the home of Ibn Sina's… - Place
Bulghār
The name of a city with Christians and Muslims and a congregational mosque; the author places it near Sawār. - Place
Balghrāta
A fine, important, populous city with markets, crafts and trade, rich in grain; the author gives seventy… - Place
Bunah
A city at the bottom of a bay, reached along the coast after Ras al-Hamra; al-Idrisi says it will be… - Place
Bunbalunah (Pamplona)
A strong city with markets, merchants, arms and wealth, on the frontier of the Franks; it has a suburb and a… - Place
Bunjhir
A town on a rugged mountain, one day from Jarbaniya, whose people work the mines and smelt the ores;… - Place
Bunjikath
The largest city of Ushrusana, a great city with a wall and suburb, a congregational mosque and citadel, a… - Place
Banūy
A populous small city on a mountain ridge; the author gives ninety miles from Atrūbī, east then north. - Place
al-Buqan
al-Buqan near the Indian frontier; raided by al-Mundhir ibn al-Jarud and Ibn Harri — its folk Muslims today —… - Place
Bura
A city of many people and much trade, with wheat, rice and fruit trees, two days from Tukha. - Place
Burgish (Burgos)
A walled city with its districts under it; water is plentiful and the farms continuous; a hundred miles from… - Place
Burgundy of the Franks
A land of many villages and farms, whose people are warriors and men of spirit and whose rulers are the… - Place
Burj
A large, handsome city of fired brick and lime, visited by Chinese merchants and a port for ships from Sind,… - Place
Burs
Place on the al-Mada'in road; in al-Baladhuri the limit of Khalid ibn Urfuta's pursuit of fleeing Persians,… - Place
Bursa
Anatolian city taken by the Ottomans in 1326 CE and their first major capital. - Place
Burshak
A small town on a hill with a wall, drinking from sweet springs, on the coast between Tenes and Miliana. - Place
Burujird
A city larger than Ramin and better off, densely built, from which goods are carried to Karaj and beyond;… - Place
Bushanj
Bushanj of Khurasan; joined to Herat's great sulh with Badghis, save Taghun and Baghun taken by force. - Place
Busra
The city of Hawran; the first of Syria's towns taken by treaty — its people compounding for safety of lives,… - Place
Bust
Bust of Sijistan; taken by Abd al-Rahman ibn Samura by compact with Zabil. - Place
Baṭash
A small town with many districts, on one of the two rivers that also pass Aqra. - Place
Butq Shirin
Butq Shirin at Basra, named for Shirin, wife of Kisra ibn Hurmuz. - Place
Buwat
A mountain in Juhayna's country, on the side of the Syria road, about four barids from Medina. The Prophet… - Place
Buwayra
The name al-Mas'udi gives for the Frankish royal seat in his day — a great city among some 150 towns of the… - Place
Buwsir
A small town north of the Nile. The author reports that many of Pharaoh's magicians were said to come from… - Place
Buzaa
A town in northern Syria, mentioned by Ibn Jubayr on his road between Aleppo and Hama. The place of this name… - Place
Būzāna
A medium-sized, populous city on the Danube river; the author gives its distance from Balghrāta. - Place
Cairo
Capital of Egypt; al-Qahira was founded by the Fatimids in 969 CE beside Fustat and became home to al-Azhar. - Place
Cartagena
A coastal city in eastern Spain, mentioned by Ibn Jubayr on his road to Granada. - Place
The sea of Jurjan and al-Daylam (Caspian Sea)
An enclosed sea not joined to the others, fed by many rivers and springs. The Ghuzz lie to the east, the… - Place
Cefalù
A town on the north coast of Sicily, mentioned by Ibn Jubayr on his road from Messina. - Place
Ceuta
A city on the Strait of Gibraltar, from which Ibn Jubayr took ship on his journey to the Hijaz. - Place
Chandni Chowk
Old Delhi's market designed by Shah Jahan and Jahan Ara (1650) — the Mughal trading centre beside the Jama… - Place
The Chinese sea
The author reports that the Chinese sea, together with the seas of Sanf, Darlarawi, Harkand and Oman, has… - Place
Constantine
A city in eastern Algeria, passed through by Ibn Battuta on his journey. - Place
Cordoba
Spanish city, capital of the Umayyad emirate and then caliphate of al-Andalus, with its Great Mosque. - Place
Corsica
An island about 150 miles long and 27 wide, with towns; al-Idrisi describes its people as wild folk of the… - Place
Dabarras
A large city at the head of the strait crossed to the mainland; the author gives seventy miles east of… - Place
Dabil (Dvin)
Dabil (Dvin) of the third Armenia's cities; Anushirwan settled and fortified it; Habib ibn Maslama besieged… - Place
al-Dabusiyya
A fine town of many orchards with an earthen wall, running water and handsome buildings, on the road to… - Place
Daghuta
A town on a large creek whose people go unclothed and cover their hands when they meet traders. Gold is found… - Place
Dahman
A village one stage from Kazima. - Place
Dahrut
A town on the western bank of the Nile, about half a day from al-Humman al-Kabir. - Place
Dai
A town near Tadla with a mine of pure copper, which al-Idrisi describes as sweet-coloured copper used for… - Place
Dalas
A town on the east bank of the main Nile, known for the dalasi armour attributed to its craft. The author… - Place
Dama
A coastal village that is busy in winter and quieter in summer, with a famous pearl bed of very fine quality. - Place
Damaghan
The chief city of Qumis; when Sulayman ibn Amr al-Dabbi was sent to Qumis after Ibn al-Zaynabi's treaty its… - Place
Damamil
A recently built town on the east bank of the Nile, about seven miles from Qus. The author describes its air… - Place
Damanhur
A city in the Nile Delta of Egypt, passed through by Ibn Battuta on his way from Alexandria to Damietta. - Place
Damascus
Syrian city, capital of the Umayyad caliphate (661-750 CE) and home of the Umayyad Mosque. - Place
دماوند
- Place
دامغان
- Place
Damuna
Damuna, one of two villages of the Fayyum with Lahun; water reaches it by flow from the great canal, and its… - Place
Danbalī
A small, populous town on low ground; the author gives half a day east of Faramniyāk. - Place
Dandama
A small town in the Sofala lands, two sea passages and seven days by land from Jantama. Its people, like… - Place
al-Dandanqan
A handsome town with a wall, fort, markets, baths and inns, two stages from Marw. - Place
Dania (Denia)
A city with a populous suburb and a strong wall built with skill along the sea, where ships are built and the… - Place
Daquqa
town toward Shahrazur; in al-Baladhuri Hashim ibn Utba and al-Ash'ath ibn Qays raided the Radhanat and… - Place
Dar al-Miqyas
A large building on Rawda Island where the Nile's rise is measured in a deep basin around a standing marble… - Place
Dar al-Nadwa
The house of Qusayy ibn Kilab at Mecca, the council chamber of Quraysh; Quraysh held there the assembly that… - Place
The house of Ibn Yusuf at Mecca
The Meccan house where the Prophet was born on 8 Rabi' I — fifty days after the Elephant men's arrival —… - Place
Draa
A land of continuous villages with no walls or ditches, whose people grow henna and carry it to all regions;… - Place
Darabadh
A district beside Shahrazur; its people treated with Utba ibn Farqad for jizya and kharaj among his conquests. - Place
Darabjird
Darabjird of Fars — the banner-town of its people and seat of their religion under the Hirbadh; Uthman truced… - Place
Dār Marsha
A round, sandy island with many towns, villages and sheltered anchorages; the author gives twenty-five miles… - Place
Darband
A small, civilised town of wealthy people, one stage from Washjird. - Place
Darjah Jank
Darjah Jank at Basra, a Thaqif holding — so named for the lawsuits over it, jank being Persian for clamour. - Place
Dasīna
A civilised city with wide districts, many fields and buildings and cheap prices; the author gives four days… - Place
al-Duskara
A small town with palms and crops; al-Idrisi says it has a royal building from which it takes its name. - Place
Dastaba
a city; in al-Baladhuri, the object with Rayy of Urwa ibn Zayd's eight-thousand campaign, and Kathir ibn… - Place
Dastumaysan
The Dastumaysan district of the Tigris lands; its people massed, Utba struck first to weaken their sides, and… - Place
Daw'an
A Hadramawt town which in al-Hamdani's day was 'the seat of the imam who commands and forbids in the Ibadi… - Place
Dawqa
A populated village, which al-Idrisi mentions together with Alib. - Place
Dawraq
Dawraq of al-Ahwaz; taken by force with al-Sus and Tustar in Abu Musa's campaign. - Place
the Seven Monasteries (Wadi al-Natrun)
The Seven Monasteries of Lower Egypt stretched west along the ridge dividing Buhayra from the Fayyum — Wadi… - Place
al-Daybul
al-Daybul, Sind's port at its creek; al-Mughira ibn Abi al-As met the enemy there and prevailed. - Place
Daylam
The mountain country south of the Caspian west of Tabaristan; Urwa ibn Zayd broke Daylam with the Rayy host… - Place
Dayr al-Jamajim
Monastery near Kufa; in al-Baladhuri — per al-Sharqi ibn al-Qatami — Iyad fought Bahra' ibn Amr ibn al-Haf of… - Place
Dayr al-Jiss
A strong fortified stopping place with a wall of plaster and brick, a rest for travellers with no crops or… - Place
Dayr Qawus
Dayr Qawus, the Tigris spot four farsakhs above al-Ubulla where Basrans drank before the canal — running amid… - Place
Dazah
A town and fortress on a hill, with a pulpit, buildings, fields and running water, one stage from Dayr… - Place
Dazak
A populated city with much trade and brisk goods, near a salt mountain named for the saltiness of most of its… - Place
Delhi
A city in northern India; it was the capital of the Delhi Sultanate from the thirteenth century CE and then… - Place
Dhaka
The capital of Bangladesh; it became capital of the Bengal region in the Mughal era in the early seventeenth… - Place
Dhamar
A city in Yemen forty-eight miles from Sanaa, on the valley road that runs past it. The wars plant, a yellow… - Place
Dhanab al-Timsah (the Crocodile's Tail)
The mile-point from al-Qulzum where the ancient canal was cut toward the Mediterranean — its great bridge… - Place
Dhankan
A town two light stages from Hulay. Al-Idrisi says its people rarely leave it, and that their wealth,… - Place
Dhat Anwat
A great green tree on which Quraysh and the Arabs would hang their weapons, and at which they would slaughter… - Place
Dhi Afran
A valley on the road to Badr, where the Prophet received news of the caravan and of the force that had set… - Place
Dhi Kashr
A valley floor on the Hijra route, between Mudlajat Dhi al-Ghadwayn and al-Jada'id. - Place
Dhi Qar
A place near Kufa where Ali gathered his army in 36 AH after calling the Kufans out; al-Qa'qa' spoke there,… - Place
Dhu al-Hulayfa
The miqat of the people of Madina: pilgrims from Madina enter the state of ihram at its mosque. Its site is… - Place
Dhu al-Majaz
One of the famous Arab fairs held in the sacred months along with Ukaz and Majanna, in al-Raheeq al-Makhtum's… - Place
ذو المروة
- Place
Dhu al-Ushayra
A place in the district of Yanbu'. In Jumada al-Ula of year 2 AH the Prophet reached it, seeking to intercept… - Place
Dhu Amarr
A watering place where a company from Banu Tha'laba and Banu Muharib would gather. The Madina force reached… - Place
Dhu Awan
A place where the Prophet stopped on his return from Tabuk, a town an hour's daylight travel from Medina… - Place
Dhu Suhaym
A watering halt on the road from Mecca to Dhu Suhaym of Khawlan, where travellers rest. - Place
Dhu Tuwa
A valley in lower Mecca where the Prophet halted the army, bowed his head in humility on his mount until his… - Place
Dhubab
A mountain at Medina, in the editors' reckoning; Abdullah ibn Ubayy pitched his camp near Dhubab below the… - Place
Dibihat islands
A group of populated islands with many coconut palms and sugar cane. Trade is in cowrie shells, and the… - Place
Dieppe
A populous coastal city with harbours for anchoring, sailing and building ships for voyages; the author gives… - Place
Dihistan
A city beyond Jurjan in the Turks' country where Sul al-Turki sat; Yazid ibn al-Muhallab besieged it, cut its… - Place
Dijon
A blessed city of good ground with many livelihoods and provisions, about seventy miles from Lanka. - Place
Dimhara
A kingdom on the islands of the Indian Ocean ruled by a queen with a husband who handles affairs. She judges… - Place
Damietta
Damietta, a lower-Egypt city on the Nile's mouth; Amr ibn al-As sent Umayr ibn Wahb al-Jumahi to it with… - Place
al-Dinawar
A Jibal city; in al-Baladhuri, marched upon by Jarir ibn Abdallah but not taken. - Place
Dīnha
A populous city whose people are landowners with many sheep and herds, on a river into which the river… - Place
Dome of the Rock
The Dome of the Rock, in the middle of the Haram al-Sharif in Jerusalem, over the sacred rock. The book dates… - Place
Dras (Durrës)
A city on the sea coast from which roads run to Akhrida, Bulgo and the Roman towns; with ships and trade. - Place
Dirīstara
A wide city with busy markets, abundant provisions and notable buildings; the author gives one and a half… - Place
Dughwat (Dubrovnik)
A city of the Roman bases whose people are brave, with raiding ships; thirty miles from Jadhara. - Place
Dulqa
A town on a river that reaches the sea, between Burj and Nahrawara, similar in size to Jinawal. - Place
Dumat al-Jandal
A town ruled by Ukaydir ibn Abd al-Malik al-Kindi the Christian, according to Ibn Ishaq; the Prophet sent… - Place
Dumbawand
Mount Dumbawand, greatest of Tabaristan's mountains; Sa'id ibn al-As conquered it with the Tabaristan plain… - Place
Dumrunakh
A small town at the foot of a mountain with a strong fort, about four stages east of Lalan; its people,… - Place
Dumyra
A small town where fine cloth is made for export, with many craftsmen and merchants; ten miles from the… - Place
Dunqula
The seat of the Nubian king, on the west bank of the Nile, where the residents drink from the river. The… - Place
The Dutch East Indies
The Dutch-ruled archipelago of Southeast Asia. Arslan's chapter reprints a lecture by Sayyid Isma'il… - Place
Edirne
Thracian city, an Ottoman capital from the 14th century until 1453, with Sinan's Selimiye Mosque (1575). - Place
Esna
A city built by the early Copts, with farms, orchards and remains of Coptic buildings, known for grapes whose… - Place
Fadak
A Jewish oasis in the northern Hijaz near Khaybar; its people made peace with the Prophet on his return from… - Place
Fahl
A place in al-Sham where the Muslims fought a battle with the Byzantines a year after the conquest of… - Place
al-Fahraj
al-Fahraj on the Sijistan road; al-Rabi' ibn Ziyad's halt before crossing the seventy-five-farsakh mafaza to… - Place
Fahs Khiraz
A wide plain twelve miles long, with a flowing stream at its far end. - Place
Ḥiṣn Falmūs
A fortress which the author says is deserted in winter, when its people flee to distant caves to keep fires,… - Place
Fandarina
A coastal town on a creek from the direction of Manibar, where Indian and Sind ships land; a great mountain… - Place
Fanmārk
A land of many villages and sheep; the author says most of it is empty and that only Abura and Qalmār are… - Place
Farah
A city larger than al-Qarnayn, with about sixty villages, many palms and fruits; three stages from Jazah,… - Place
Faran
A place on the sea road to Mount Tur, described by al-Idrisi as hard to cross, with a small village where… - Place
Farawa
A civilised town, small in size compared with its neighbours; a frontier fortress of Khurasan at the desert's… - Place
Furbāsiyūs
A well-known, populous city rich in produce; the author gives one day from Megali Barsaklāfa. - Place
Farda
A water in Najd where fever struck Zayd al-Khayl on his way home from Medina and where he died; he names it… - Place
Farghana
Farghana, the Transoxanian land on the Sayhun; Salih ibn Muslim took its Kasan, Urusht, Sakhr and Akhsikath —… - Place
Fars
Fars, the great province named for its people; the Muslims conquered it from the sea under Umar — Abr Kawan… - Place
Farskur
A civilised village with sugar-cane presses and standing crops, ten miles from the preceding village and… - Place
Fārūy
A city on a river; the author gives forty miles from Aqrūnus. - Place
al-Faryab
al-Faryab of Khurasan; opened by al-Ahnaf ibn Qays, or by Umair ibn al-Ahmar al-Yashkuri in another account. - Place
Fasa
Fasa of Fars; its great-man truced Uthman on Darabjird's terms — some say the Hirbadh himself truced it. - Place
Fayd
A place in the land of Tayy in Najd which the Prophet granted to Zayd al-Khayl with other lands, writing it… - Place
Fayd al-Basra
The Fayd of Basra, the channel Ziyad dug after finishing the Ubulla canal — from his mawla Fil's house to the… - Place
Fezzan
The land that follows Zaghawa country, with towns such as Jarma and Tasawa. The author says its people depend… - Place
Fez
Moroccan city founded under the Idrisids around 800 CE, home of al-Qarawiyyin, founded in 859 CE. - Place
Filibi (Philippopolis)
A large, inhabited city with fields, fifty miles east of Adrianople; described as one of the populous cities… - Place
Fīmiya
A city a hundred miles from the sea, facing north across the Shawdhan sea. - Place
Firab
A populous town of handsome buildings and neat streets, strong in itself, on the far bank of the river,… - Place
Firbuz
A populous city in Makran, which al-Idrisi describes as having well-mannered and safe people who avoid… - Place
Florence
A civilised city with markets, craftsmen and wealth; seventy miles from Lucca and some fifteen miles from… - Place
Marsa Fudala
A harbour on the Atlantic coast near Sala, twelve miles to the south, from which wheat, barley, beans and… - Place
Furmīza
A fine city on the bank of a river, with wide territory, many buildings and collected revenues; the author… - Place
Fuwwah
A town on the Rosetta branch of the Nile, mentioned by Ibn Battuta on his way to Damietta. - Place
Gabès
A city on the coast of Tunisia, passed through by Ibn Battuta on his way to Tripoli. - Place
Gaeta
A large city rich in trees and fruit, with a fine sheltered harbour where large and small ships are built;… - Place
Gao
A city in Mali on the Niger River; it was the capital of the Songhai Empire. - Place
Gaza
A city on the Palestinian coast with a harbour, about twenty miles from Ascalon. - Place
Gaziantep ('Aynṭab)
City in south-east Anatolia, formerly 'Aynṭab, chief town of a vilayet. It was important from the Hamdanid… - Place
Ghadamis
A city the author places eighteen stages from the Azqar, across land with few people and little water. - Place
Ghadir Khumm
Pool and halting place on the pilgrim road between Mecca and Medina, near al-Juhfa, where the Prophet halted… - Place
Ghaghan
A city on the lake named after it, with a workshop for silk garments; Turkish merchants buy much there; six… - Place
Ghana (the great city)
The great city of the Sudan lands that al-Idrisi describes, about twelve stages from Malal across sand. - Place
Ghanam Island
A large island in the western sea, followed by countless small islands known to sailors who visited them;… - Place
Gharghun
A great lake about a hundred miles long with sweet water and much fish, with a snowy mountain above it, in… - Place
Gharham
A city on the coast; the author gives sixty miles from Mahistār. - Place
Gharkhān
A large, populous city where the king of Isqawtiya resides; the author gives eight stages from Namjān. - Place
al-Ghawr
Settled mountains with springs, orchards and rivers; the people farm and herd, speak a language different… - Place
Ghayara
A town on the Nile with a ditch around it and many people. Its people are bold and skilled; they raid the… - Place
Ghazna
A great, populous city with many markets, from which the road enters the lands of India, which al-Idrisi… - Place
Ghazza (Maghrib)
A small town with a bath house, fine houses and farms, beyond Yalal. - Place
Ghent
The greatest city of the land of Lubān, on the west bank of the river the author calls Arīn, with many… - Place
Gozo (Ghudash)
A small island with well water and a rest-stop, a sheltered harbour, lying east of Nemoush. - Place
Ghūlūy
A fine place visited by travellers who bring goods and trade; the author gives half a day east of Aytūqastru. - Place
Ghumdan
The San'a' castle built by al-Dahhak for Venus — levelled in Uthman's caliphate into a great mound where the… - Place
Ghūrān
A small town where the ruler of a Turkish group lives; the author gives four stages over high mountains from… - Place
The Strait and Jabal Tariq
The strait and Jabal Tariq, named for Tariq b. Ziyad's landing in Sha'ban 92; the chroniclers report that… - Place
جيلان
- Place
Granada
Spanish city, capital of the Nasrid kingdom, the last Muslim state in Iberia (13th century to 1492), with the… - Place
Guadalquivir
The great river that passes Cordoba. The author reports that it emerges from a mountain, goes under the… - Place
Guadix
Guadix (Wadi Ash) — a fine city of Granada's district ringed by gardens and rivers, its people specially… - Place
The Garden of Death (Hadiqat al-Mawt)
An orchard in al-Yamama formerly called Ubad; the polytheists were driven into it on the day of the battle of… - Place
al-Hadra (Hatra)
The famed desert fortress Hatra in the Ayajir district of Mosul — seat of the Arab king al-Dayzan which… - Place
Hadramawt
A region of southern Arabia; the Prophet appointed over it Ziyad ibn Labid al-Bayadi al-Ansari — on which… - Place
Haifa
A town below the tip of Mount Carmel with a good harbour for fleets, three light stages from Qaysariyya. - Place
The Old Woman's Wall
The wall that ringed Egypt's arable land along the desert edge like a dyke between sand and tilth — al-Umari… - Place
Coast of Hajar
The coast of Hajar, the first land of Bahrain reached along the shore, with a sparsely settled coastal road. - Place
Hajr of al-Yamama
A city of al-Yamama, now in ruins, which in its time was the principal seat of the region. - Place
Halawarid
A populous, handsome city with markets, a fine site and fair fields, built of mud and lime, with rich lands… - Place
Hāla
A large, populous city in the land of Shuṣūniya; the author gives one hundred miles west of Iqrāqū. - Place
Hama
A Syrian city on the Orontes, famous for its water-wheels; a branch of the Ayyubid family ruled it, and it is… - Place
Hamadan
City in western Iran where Ibn Sina served as vizier and where he died in 1037. - Place
Hamadhan
the Jibal's city; in al-Baladhuri taken by Jarir ibn Abdallah in 23 or 24 on Nihawand's terms after an arrow… - Place
Hammam A'yan
Bath at Kufa named for A'yan, Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas's mawla — the man al-Hajjaj sent to Abdallah ibn al-Jarud… - Place
Hamra al-Asad
A place eight miles south of Medina. The Prophet reached it the day after the battle of Uhud (Sunday 8… - Place
Hanqbur
A large, populous city bordering the land of Bulūniya; the author gives five stages west of Wālba. - Place
Haran al-Qarin
A populated village with running water and a few palms, on the road to Sanaa. - Place
Herat
Herat, a city of Khurasan; to it Fayruz exiled the Persians whose descendants joined the Turkish Hayatila… - Place
Sea of Harkand
The sea on which the famous islands with large wooden ships lie. The author describes a large, well-known… - Place
Harmuzfara
A town one stage west of Marw and a farsakh from Kashmihan, with buildings, markets, traffic and a pulpit. - Place
Harran
Harran of the Jazira cities; its people compounded with Iyad ibn Ghanm on the like of al-Ruha's treaty — some… - Place
Harrat al-Rajla'
A lava field where the people of Rifa'a ibn Zayd al-Judhami settled after accepting Islam on the Prophet's… - Place
Harrat Bani Harithah
A place known as Harrat Bani Harithah, which the Prophet took on his way to Uhud. Abu Khaythama al-Harithi… - Place
Hasda
A village with a well that yields only a little water. - Place
Hasik
A small, settled village on the sea, with two islands opposite and a large mountain above it. It sits on a… - Place
Hasran Island
A wide island with a mountain and a small sweet-water river running through it; its land yields food for… - Place
Hastīnkish
A large, populous, busy city with markets, workers and merchants; the author gives fifty miles along the… - Place
The jewel-temple of farthest China
The seven-gated round temple of farthest China whose dome shelters a jewel larger than a bull's head lighting… - Place
The Mighlitiya temple at Harran
The last great Harranian temple in 332 — Azar's shrine in Bab al-Raqqa with four crypt-vaults of… - Place
Hayyam
A town on the river Ruda in the lands of the Ghuzz, seven days from the lake, with Jajan to its north;… - Place
Hazarasp
A town not large, on the western bank of the Oxus after al-Tahiriyya, with a flowing stream from its hills… - Place
Hiraqliyya
A small, civilised town; the author gives eighty-five miles from the mouth of the river Bartanū. - Place
هراة
- Place
Hejaz
Historic region of western Arabia containing Mecca, Medina and Jeddah, the cradle of Islam. - Place
Mada'in Salih
A site on the road to Syria with the remains of Thamud, mentioned by Ibn Battuta in his travels. - Place
Hilla
A city in Iraq on the Euphrates near Babylon, passed through by Ibn Jubayr on his way to Syria. - Place
Hintūna
A city on the tip of a headland running into the sea; the author gives eighty miles to Awnastra. - Place
Hirbird
A city in the land of the Germans; the author gives forty miles west of Qazlāra. - Place
Hirmand River
A great river rising from the back of the Ghawr that runs through the lands of Sijistan to the lake known as… - Place
Hisn al-Na'ima
A fortress resembling a small town, fine, whose land is mostly carob trees, from which carob is carried to… - Place
Hisn al-Qaryatayn
A fortress on the road to Basra where routes meet, listed among the stages of the road from al-Yamama to… - Place
Hisn al-Zaynabi
Rayy's fortress above the town, called Hisn al-Furkhan ibn al-Zaynabi, formerly 'Arin; its lord Ibn… - Place
Hisn al-Zib
A fortress on the bank of the salt sea, twelve miles from Acre. - Place
Hisn Bishr
A populated fortress in the district of Biskra, a fine stronghold with buildings, about four days from… - Place
Fayd
Fayd, with a fatha on the fa, is a known place on the south-eastern slope of the southern side of Salma. Palm… - Place
Hisn Kamkh (Kamacha)
Hisn Kamkh (Kamacha), a fortress of the Armenian marches near Shimshat, contested raid after raid between… - Place
Hisn Mahdi (Khuzistan)
A strong, well-built fortress on the sea where the river mouth gathers, about three miles across. - Place
Hisn Mansur (Adiyaman)
Hisn Mansur (Adiyaman) of the frontier, named for Mansur ibn Jamwana ibn al-Harith al-Amiri of Qays, who… - Place
Hisn Sufl Yahsub
The lower fortress of Yahsub, sixteen miles from Hisn Yahsub, with running water from sweet springs. - Place
Hisn Yahsub
A fortress in the land of Yahsub with some old Arab families and a few palms; al-Idrisi gives sixteen miles… - Place
Hit
Hit on the lower Euphrates; taken by the Kufan army Ammar ibn Yasir dispatched under Sa'd ibn Amr ibn Haram —… - Place
Hims (Emesa)
A city of Syria on the Orontes; its people compounded with Abu Ubayda ibn al-Jarrah after Damascus's fall for… - Place
Hormuz (Kirman)
A large coastal city of Kirman with much cumin and indigo grown around it, shipped from there to every land;… - Place
Hudaybiyya
Place on the edge of Mecca's sacred territory where the truce between the Muslims and the Quraysh was agreed… - Place
Hulay
A small coastal city and port where ships from Yemen, and those sailing up from Qulzum, put in; goods are… - Place
Hulwan
town at the foot of the Mah mountains; in al-Baladhuri Yazdgard fled there from al-Mada'in with his asawira,… - Place
Humdan
Humdan — the Chinese great king's capital in Abu Dulaf's account - Place
Hyderabad (Deccan)
A princely state in central India, ruled by a Muslim sultan under British protection, with about 13 million… - Place
Ibiza
The island of Ibiza in the Balearics, crossed by Ibn Jubayr on his way from Sicily to al-Andalus. - Place
Ibzar
A small town on a mound of earth with palms and sweet water. Near it is a good but soft alum mine, and its… - Place
Idam
A valley in the Hijaz near Medina; the site of Ibn Abi Hadrad's raid 'Batn Idam' in which Amir ibn al-Adbat… - Place
Ifranak Bīla
A large, fine city with springs, wells and abundant produce; the author gives eighty miles from Siqlāwsh. - Place
Ifriqiya
Ifriqiya, the Maghreb province between Tripoli and Tangier; Ibn al-Kalbi says Ifriqis ibn Qays ibn Sayfi… - Place
Igriza
A medium-sized, civilised city with markets, trade, vineyards and flocks, bordering Mount Mont Jūn on the… - Place
Iksis
A village with thickets where lions are seen and attack people, according to al-Idrisi, who also describes… - Place
Ayimīdiyā
A populous city near the sea, which the author places along the coastal road after Aylūghīs. - Place
The Indian and Chinese sea (China, India, Sind and Yemen)
Al-Idrisi describes this sea as beginning thirteen degrees north of the equator, running west past China,… - Place
Inkalas
One of the largest and busiest cities of Kawar, with pure alum mines. The author says its people travel east… - Place
Inqiltāra
A very large island in the Great Dark Sea, entered through the bay of Ṣanqala, with lands, fortresses,… - Place
Iqnat
A town that is neither large nor populous, and mostly in ruins. Its few people live on sorghum, barley, fish… - Place
Iqrāqū
A fine city with many houses in the land of Bulūniya, surrounded by barrier mountains that separate it from… - Place
Crete
In al-Baladhuri: an island raided by Janada, partly opened in al-Walid's time then closed; Humayd ibn Ma'yuf… - Place
Iram dhat al-'imad
Iram of the pillars — placed by al-Mas'udi's report at Damascus, built by the 'Adite Jayrun with marble… - Place
Iraq
The land of Ur and the Sawad under Persian rule: home of the Lakhmid client kingdom at al-Hira, the Jewish… - Place
Arbil (Erbil)
The Jaziran city beneath Mount Maqlub, crowned by its citadel — seat of the Begteginid kingdom in the sixth… - Place
Irlanda
A very large island; the author, citing the author of a book of marvels, says it had three towns where ships… - Place
Arnedo (Irniy)
A small town in the province of Logroño, on the Cidacos, a tributary of the Ebro, about 35 km from Logroño,… - Place
Isabadh
a Baghdad quarter named — in al-Baladhuri — for Isa ibn al-Mahdi son of al-Khayzuran; al-Mahdi dwelt there… - Place
Isbahan
the great Jibal province; in al-Baladhuri its land conquered by Abdallah ibn Budayl in 23–24 — Jayy by treaty… - Place
Isbalatu (Split)
A populous city of great extent, with many lanes paved with flagstone and raiding ships; about twenty-eight… - Place
Isbijab
Isbijab, the far fort of al-Shash; an old conquest lost to the Turks, retaken by Nuh ibn Asad under… - Place
Isfahan
Central Iranian city where Ibn Sina spent his last years at the court of Ala al-Dawla. - Place
Ishbira
A large, populous city on the Rhine, with Bazla on the western bank of the same river; the author gives forty… - Place
Ishtikhan
Ishtikhan of Sughd; the seat to which Sughd's kings moved after ancient Samarqand. - Place
Alexandria
Alexandria, taken by Amr ibn al-As by force with neither covenant nor contract — in the wording of his letter… - Place
Iskandarunah (Alexandretta)
A coastal town forty-five miles from Antioch with a good harbour, from which goods are carried into Syria. - Place
Isna
A city on the west bank of the Nile, one of the old towns built by the early Copts. It has farms, orchards, a… - Place
Isnakhwa
A city in a broad plain where nothing grows but saffron, which is shipped from there to every part of China. - Place
Isqiriya
A Chinese city on a river feeding the Khamdan, four stages from Khaygun, where the revenues of China are… - Place
Istabriyya
A civilised, populous city with wide markets and well-laid streets; the author gives twenty miles along the… - Place
Istakhr
Fars's great city; in al-Baladhuri, assaulted vainly by Abu Musa and Uthman ibn Abi al-As — it and Jur the… - Place
Istanbul
City formerly known as Constantinople, conquered by Mehmed II in 1453 and capital of the Ottoman Empire. - Place
Istija (Ecija)
A town thirty-five miles from Cordoba, on the road toward the fortress of Ashuna and a populous village. - Place
Ithil
The capital of the land of the Khazars, on the river Ithil, which the author says flows into the Khazar Sea. - Place
Jaba island
One of a cluster of close islands, about two farsakhs apart, all ruled by a single king named Jaba. He wears… - Place
Mount Abu Qubays
A mountain at Mecca overlooking the sanctuary; al-Raheeq al-Makhtum names it in the origin of the Fudul pact,… - Place
Jabal al-Fidda
A mountain with silver mines, running along the back of the fertile valley of Darfard, one stage from Jiruft. - Place
Mount Carmel
A mountain spur reaching out into the sea, visible from the water, with a good harbour beside it. - Place
Jabal al-Lakkam
A range that begins at the Red Sea and runs into the lands of Syria, called Jabal al-Lakkam there; it reaches… - Place
Jabal al-Nur
A mountain about two miles from Mecca holding the cave of Hira where the Prophet retreated before his mission… - Place
Jabal al-Rumma (Archers' Hill / Jabal Aynayn)
A small hill on the southern bank of Wadi Qanat, southeast of the Muslim camp at Uhud, about a hundred and… - Place
Jabal al-Tilmun
A mountain on the west bank of the Nile, about five miles from Zamakhir. The author says it blocks the… - Place
Jabal al-Tur
A high mountain near the sea, reached by a known path; it has a mosque and a well of sweet water from which… - Place
Jabal al-Zur
Jabal al-Zur in the Dawar country toward Kabul; Ibn Samura bottled its folk there, truced, and entered on the… - Place
Jabal al-Awras
A long mountain range with continuous settlement, villages, orchards and trees; its people are proud, and… - Place
Jabal 'Ayr
A large, well-known mountain on the qibla side of Medina near Dhu'l-Hulayfa, the town's miqat; in the haram… - Place
Red Mount Barim
A red mountain in this region. The author reports the claim that the two obelisks of Alexandria were carved… - Place
Jabal Bran
A mountain running north-south nearly to Asyut; the author says people speak of treasure hidden in it and… - Place
Jabal Dammar
A mountain three stages from Jabal Nafusa. Berber people at its edges ride swift horses and raid the camels… - Place
Jabal Darn (Atlas)
The great Atlas range, a long chain running from the Atlantic; al-Idrisi describes forts on its heights and… - Place
Jabal Ghazwan
A mountain on whose back lie the lands of Banu Sa'd, with several Hudhayl clans; al-Idrisi says its summit is… - Place
Jabal Ikjan
A mountain near Setif inhabited by the Kutama tribes, who, al-Idrisi says, give food freely to guests and… - Place
Jabal Jalut
A Berber mountain near the settlements of the Banu Hilal. The author says it takes its name from Goliath,… - Place
Jabal Kirkis Kuh
A small mountain surrounded by desert, with a flat open space at its centre; al-Idrisi says the robbers of… - Place
Jabal Maqda
A mountain above Tripoli, about three stages from the city. - Place
Jabal Musayun
A high, hard-to-climb mountain near Bijaya, with plants used in medicine, which al-Idrisi lists by kind. - Place
Jabal Nafusa
A high mountain about three days long, with villages, barley fields and running water; al-Idrisi says the… - Place
Jabal Qalmari
A mountain four days from Sanitriyya, with a good iron mine. - Place
Jabal Radwa
A high mountain of ravines and springs, green with herbage and rich in water; its quarries yield millstones… - Place
Jabal Sahaw
Among the highest and steepest mountains, eight miles from Kaldis; the Arabs do not cross beyond it. - Place
Jabal Sharm
A mountain where the al-Falaj river rises; it is a large river that flows on to the sea near the village of… - Place
Jabal Siyah Kuh
A mountain close to Kirkis Kuh with no settlement, a short distance from it, a lonely place where those who… - Place
Jabal Tansaf
A mountain reached in two stages from Jabal al-Tilmun, with a smooth face and a narrow crack. The author… - Place
Jabal Thawr of Medina
A small mountain in Medina near Uhud, named in the haram hadith 'between 'Ayr and Thawr is inviolable' as the… - Place
Jabal Zaghwan
A high mountain between Tunis and Qayrawan, visible from the sea, with fertile slopes, farms and settled… - Place
Jabala
A coastal city of Syria's seaboard; Mu'awiya ibn Abi Sufyan founded and garrisoned it after the Muslims took… - Place
Jabay
A town densely built among palms and sugar cane, rich in produce, twelve miles from Basyan and fifteen from… - Place
Jabbanat al-Sabi'
Kufa's great cemetery; in al-Baladhuri — per Hisham ibn Muhammad al-Kalbi — named for the sons of al-Sabi'… - Place
Jadhara (Zadar)
A large, open city on the sea shore, whose people are Dalmatians with raiding ships; thirty miles from… - Place
Jaen
A fine city rich in fertile land, honey and meat, with running springs beneath its wall and a strong citadel;… - Place
Jahram
Jahram of Fars; a gathering massed against Uthman near it — he scattered them and took the Jahram land. - Place
Jajan
A town west-southwest of Gharghun, several stages away in the lands of the Ghuzz; Dhahlan lies near it, in… - Place
Jakarta
Capital of Indonesia, on the island of Java. The Grand Imam met President Widodo at the palace here on 22… - Place
Jalula
site east of the Tigris; in al-Baladhuri Yazdgard's last levy under Khurrazad brother of Rustam was routed… - Place
Jalus
An island near the Binman islands. The author reports from informants that its people eat human flesh. They… - Place
Jamara
A large populated city, whose Greek name al-Idrisi gives as Badhanto; forty miles from Batranto. - Place
Great Mosque of Cordoba
A great mosque unlike any other among the mosques of the Muslims, about a hundred bay long and eighty wide,… - Place
Janāzana
A populous, fine city in the land of Bulūniya; the author gives eighty miles from Iqrāqū. - Place
Janbiya
A town in the inner desert of Abyssinia, far from settled land. Its wells often run dry, and its people… - Place
Jandur
A cluster of tall, solidly built palaces pierced by fresh water, where the governor stayed in spring;… - Place
Jannaba
A large, populous, inhabited city with markets, known for fine linen cloth in many kinds and a range of… - Place
Jantama
A small town like a gathered village in the Sofala lands. Its people are poor and have little to trade; the… - Place
Jantiyār
A large, populous city on a high mountain that is hard to climb, not under any king's rule; the author gives… - Place
Janwa (Genoa)
An ancient city of fine aspect, rich in fruit with many farms and villages; its people are wealthy merchants… - Place
Jaqa
A city of al-Andalus nine stages east of Toledo, which al-Idrisi places along several roads from Toledo. - Place
Jarajiyy (Gerace)
A fine, large town with buildings and farms on the Jarajiyy river, twelve miles from Barsana. - Place
Jarash (Gerasa)
A Hawran city whose wonders lore spoke of; in the eighth century al-Umari describes it as a throne of ruins… - Place
Jarawa
A town one stage from Sa'a, on the road to Tlemcen. - Place
Jarba
A place whose people came to the Prophet at Tabuk and paid the jizya, according to Ibn Ishaq. - Place
Jarbatan
A land rich in rice and grain, on a small creek, five stages from Fandarina. - Place
Jarbida
A city of the Franks, seat of Bishop Urmazd whose 328 regnal list reached the Umayyad heir al-Hakam. - Place
Jarish of Qumis
Qumis's great fire-temple of unknown founder — Alexander said to have spared its flame — on the site of a… - Place
Jarkan
A large town with craftsmen and labourers, one stage from Darband. - Place
Jarma
A city in Fezzan. The author gives about twenty-five stages from it to Awdaghast. Its water comes from wells,… - Place
Jarmaq
A town of fair size and fertile land with two earthen walls and a ditch seventy paces wide, four stages from… - Place
Jarra
A populous town in the district of Sabur, with a populated and thickly built countryside. - Place
Jarta
A small, civilised city with markets and buildings on the coast; the author gives one hundred miles from the… - Place
Jasta
A small town on a large creek that ships enter. Gold is plentiful there and is the main work and income of… - Place
Jasum
A place where Suwaylim's house was said to stand, in the report transmitted by Ibn Hisham. - Place
Java
The largest island of what is now Indonesia. Arslan's chapter on Islam in Java and its neighbours draws on… - Place
al-Jawzjan
A district with rural areas in the hills, where tanned hides are brought in and from which goods are shipped;… - Place
Jayy
Isbahan's city; in al-Baladhuri taken by Abdallah ibn Budayl by treaty after fighting — kharaj and jizya,… - Place
Jayyan (Jaén)
A city of low prices and plenty of meat and honey, where silkworms are raised; a great mosque and a strong… - Place
Jazah
A city whose buildings join those of Farah, with many villages and watercourses, about one stage from… - Place
The Jazira
The Euphratean Jazira, the land between the Euphrates and the Tigris; conquered by Iyad ibn Ghanm after Abu… - Place
Jazirat al-Arab (the Arabian Peninsula)
The Arabian Peninsula — bounded by al-Hamdani in his Sifa's preamble: Sharm Ayla, the coasts and the Qulzum… - Place
Jazirat al-'Arabiyya
A small island in the Persian Gulf, less than a mile square, about 50 miles from the Saudi Arabian mainland… - Place
al-Jazira al-Khadra
An island linked to the mainland, facing Ceuta across the strait; al-Idrisi gives eight miles of sea between… - Place
Jazirat al-Nu'man
An island in the Red Sea which the author describes as the largest island in that part of the sea, with a… - Place
Island of the Moon
A long island joined to the Dibihat group. Its king lives in the town of Malay. The author says it stretches… - Place
Island of the monkeys
A small island near Ramij, with groves, trees and fruit, where monkeys are so numerous that the author says… - Place
Jazirat al-Samiri
An island in the Red Sea inhabited by a people who, the author reports, trace their descent to al-Samiri, the… - Place
Jazirat al-Yaqut
An island near a city, linked by a road, ringed by a steep round mountain; people of the area hunt rubies… - Place
Awal Island
A fine island with a large town, palms, fields and many springs, among them Ayn Bu Zaydan and Ayn Ghadhar. It… - Place
Jazirat Ibn Kawan
An island in the Gulf about nine miles across, whose people are Ibadi Kharijis, and from which the mountains… - Place
Cizre
A town on the Tigris, in northern Iraq and southern Turkey today, which Ibn Battuta mentions under the name… - Place
Kharg Island
A fine, grassy and fertile island with palms, about three miles in each direction. - Place
Sanji island
A populated island with fertile land and fresh water, whose people are between fair and dark in complexion… - Place
Tuna Island
An island in Lake Tinnis, south of Tinnis, with palms and vineyards, reached by a crossing from the land. - Place
Jeddah
Red Sea port of the Hejaz, the main gateway for pilgrims to Mecca since the time of the caliph Uthman. - Place
Jerez
Jerez (Sharish) — 'daughter of Seville,' a city of broad markets whose people showed ambition, elegance in… - Place
Jerusalem
City sacred to Jews, Christians and Muslims; the first qibla of Islam, the destination of the Night Journey… - Place
Jibal al-Qafas
Mountains that border the Gulf and reach the deserts of Makran; Kurdish nomads called al-Baluṣ live there… - Place
Jijel
A coastal city with two harbours, among them the Marsa al-Shu'ara', sheltered by the mountain from the north;… - Place
Jilan
Gilan south of the Caspian; al-Bara' ibn Azib raided it from Qazwin, and al-Walid ibn Uqba raided it in… - Place
Jinawal
A town at the foot of a mountain spur, near Asawal, whose people live much like those of Burj and Dulqa. - Place
Jirnaj
A small town with a pulpit, about nine miles from Marw, on the river. - Place
Jirnjarāta
A city with markets and abundant produce, which the author places three stages by river from Shant. - Place
Jirraft
Jirraft of Kirman; taken by force by Mujashi' ibn Mas'ud. - Place
Jirun of Damascus
Damascus's great temple, said to be Jayrun ibn Sa'd al-'Adi's marble-pillared building and by some Iram dhat… - Place
Jubayl (Byblos)
A city on the coast with a strong stone wall and a wide district of trees, five miles from the river of… - Place
Daniel's Pit at Babylon
The pit at Babylon into which Nebuchadnezzar cast Daniel with two lions; in the tale a prophet of Israel came… - Place
Joseph's Pit and Jacob's Bridge
Twin landmarks of the Safed country — Joseph's Pit by the village of Shura and, beside it, the famous Jacob's… - Place
Julfar
A village on the coastal sea route from Oman to Bahrain, named together with al-Hayl. - Place
Jundishapur
Jundishapur, the great city of al-Ahwaz; its panic-struck people took Abu Musa's aman — no killing, no… - Place
Junza
Junza in Kabul's marches; there Yazid ibn Ziyad fought Kabul's breakers and fell with many of his men. - Place
Jur
a city of Fars; in al-Baladhuri it and Istakhr alone unconquered at Abdallah ibn Amir's arrival in year 29. - Place
Jurash
A town in Yemen; its people and those of Tabala accepted Islam without fighting, so the Prophet confirmed… - Place
Jurjan
The province at the Caspian's corner; its king treated with Sa'id ibn al-As for two hundred thousand dirhams… - Place
al-Jurjuma
al-Jurjuma, a city on Jabal al-Lukkam by the vitriol mine between Bayyas and Buqa in the Antioch district;… - Place
Jurzan (Kartli/Iberia)
Jurzan (Kartli, Iberia), of the second Armenia's lands and then in Khazar hands; in it Anushirwan built the… - Place
al-Juzjan
al-Juzjan of Khurasan; the rout's fugitives reached it, al-Aqra' ibn Habis pursued with horse, turned a first… - Place
Kabul
Kabul, the great city of India's marches; besieged by Ibn Samura for months under mangonels till breached —… - Place
Kaldis
A strong fortress overlooking the river of Constantine, about twenty miles from the city, near the village of… - Place
Kalkisar
A populated coastal town, one of two near each other two days from Jarbatan, with rice and grain. - Place
Kalwadha
Sawad town on the al-Mada'in road; in al-Baladhuri some Muslims reached it on their raids, living off what… - Place
Kanbaya
A town on the coast, reached after a desert crossing from Mamhal. - Place
Kano
A city in northern Nigeria, among the oldest centres of Islam in the Hausa lands. - Place
Karakir of Sijistan
The Sijistan fire-temple founded by Bahman son of Isfandiyar. - Place
Karanta
A town of many vineyards, fruit and irrigated fields, one stage from Tamalta. - Place
Karbala
A city in Iraq containing the shrine of al-Husayn, mentioned by Ibn Battuta during his travels in Iraq. - Place
Karkh Fayruz
a quarter of Sur man Ra'a where — in al-Baladhuri — al-Mu'tasim settled Ashinas his mawla with his attached… - Place
Karminiya
Karminiya beyond the river; campaigned by Qutayba with Tumushkat in 88h. - Place
al-Karyan
al-Karyan and Fashjan (al-Fishajan) of Darabjird's land; outside the Hirbadh's sulh and breached — Ibn Amir… - Place
Kas (Sijistan)
A small town with a wall, whose people are craftsmen and travellers, most of them weavers and traders, on the… - Place
Kasan
Kasan of Farghana — commonly Kashanan; opened by Salih ibn Muslim, breached, and last retaken by Nuh ibn Asad… - Place
al-Kashaniyya
A town twenty-seven miles from Ishtikhan, similar in size to it, with districts, villages and farms. - Place
Kashgar
A city in far western China on the Silk Road; it became an Islamic centre after the conversion of the… - Place
Kashmihan
A large town one stage from Marw, with orchards, trees and standing markets, from which cloth is sent out. - Place
Kasir and Awir
Two mountains submerged in the Gulf, whose places sailors know; Chinese ships pass a route close by them. - Place
Kaskar
Sawad town; in al-Baladhuri the host of Durna was routed toward it by Abu Ubayd ibn Mas'ud, and Muslim… - Place
Kath
A populous, inhabited city with continuous buildings and standing markets, thirty miles west of Yazd. - Place
Kawar
A well-known land that lies east of Kawkaw and is visited for trade. Alum known as Kawari alum comes from it. - Place
Kawkaw
A famous large city on the bank of a river coming from the north. Some say it stands on a gulf; others say… - Place
Kawthariyya
A small town east of al-Madain with mounds of ash, which al-Idrisi says, from the reports of the learned, is… - Place
Kayf
A handsome town built of mud brick and clay, busy with trade, which al-Idrisi describes as prosperous with… - Place
Kayz
The largest city of Makran, close in size to Multan, with many gardens, continuous farmland and fair prices. - Place
Kayzkanan
A civilised, populous city with low prices, where the governor resides; it has gardens and fruit but no palms. - Place
Kazanaya
A town on the Shelif river with a Friday market visited from the surrounding lands, one stage from Miliana. - Place
Kazarun
Kazarun of Sabur's land in Fars; taken by Uthman ibn Abi al-As. - Place
Kazima
A city four stages from Tatja, which travellers cover in those stages on the way to it, with springs and… - Place
Khaffan
In al-Baladhuri: a place al-Muthanna ibn Haritha reached after Abu Bakr's commission, calling his people to… - Place
Khakhit
Khakhit, a town of Armenia's district; Marwan ibn Muhammad settled there ten thousand households of Slavs he… - Place
خليج أمير المؤمنين
- Place
Khan Rawan
A civilised, populous city with thriving markets and well-built forms, between Nishapur and Tus, one stage… - Place
Khanfu
A city at the far edge of China, eight days' journey from Khanku. The author says he will describe it in the… - Place
Khaniqin
town east of the Tigris; in al-Baladhuri the Persians placed their dependents and baggage there at Jalula,… - Place
Khanqu
Khanqu — China's city of merchants and wealth, forty parasangs long - Place
al-Khanuqa
A populous, inhabited town with a busy market and trade on the highway, two stages from Qarqisiya. - Place
Khaqan
A large city to the north on a great river with fertile banks, with trade and crafts, and the herds of the… - Place
Kharkhir
A fertile land of many waters, with rivers flowing in from the frontier; a great valley with strong currents… - Place
Kharqana
A great but small town on the border of Farghana, on the road to Farghana, twenty-seven miles from Bunjikath. - Place
Khawash
Khawash and Quzan of Bust on the Sijistan road; Ibn Samura took them by force after crossing Wadi Nasl. - Place
Khaybar
Oasis north of Medina, home of Jewish communities and the objective of the Muslim expedition of 628 CE. - Place
Khayf Bani Kinana
The ravine (shi'b) of al-Safi in Makkah, also called Khayf Bani Kinana. There the Prophet said to the… - Place
Khaygun
A city eight stages from Kashgar, with produce and advantages for merchants. - Place
Khaymākhīth
Two towns on the river Shūrān; the southern one has many fields and trees and receives timber from the… - Place
Khayzan
Khayzan, a town of Armenia's district; al-Jarrah ibn Abdallah al-Hakami compounded with Hamzin's people to… - Place
al-Khazariya
A large, populous, spacious city with abundant water, to which the Khazars are attributed, which the author… - Place
Khazrakath
A city of abundant produce with much iron that is shipped to every land from the Turkish country; its ruler… - Place
Khilat (Akhlat)
Khilat (Akhlat) on Lake Van, of the Armenian cities; its patrikios came down to Habib ibn Maslama at Mariyala… - Place
Khiva
A city in Khwarazm in present-day Uzbekistan; it was the capital of the Khanate of Khiva. - Place
Khiwan
A strong fortress with two water pools and vineyards whose large grapes are dried into raisins and carried to… - Place
Khorasan
Historic region of eastern Iran, Afghanistan and Turkmenistan, among the great provinces of Islamic… - Place
Khujanda
Khujanda beyond the river on the Sayhun; Salm ibn Ziyad's army, A'sha Hamdan among them, was defeated there. - Place
Khulays
A coastal town between Rabigh and Makkah on the pilgrimage road; Ibn Battuta mentions it on his journey from… - Place
Khulm
A handsome town of abundant produce with running streams and many advantages, two days from Balkh. - Place
Khur
A town also built of mud, with no fort or citadel, many orchards, two days from Qayn. - Place
خراسان
- Place
Khushak
Khushak on the Sijistan road; its folk truced Ibn Samura after Wazan. - Place
al-Khuttal
The first district on the Oxus beyond the river, with towns including Halawarid, Lawkand and Manak; its… - Place
Khuzistan (al-Ahwaz)
al-Ahwaz, the Khuzistan province — a great kura of the Jibal; conquered under Umar, seat of Hurmuzan the last… - Place
Khwarizm
Khwarizm, the land beyond the river with its eastern city; al-Ahnaf marched on it after Balkh but could not… - Place
Kirkant (Agrigento)
A civilised city, among the noblest and most populous; its citadel is strong and lofty, ships and travellers… - Place
Kirman
a province; in al-Baladhuri, Yazdgard's refuge where he scorned its marzban, and where the damaq destroyed… - Place
Kirukh
A town with a strong earthen wall and many gardens, known for the raisins carried to distant lands, three… - Place
Kisal
Kisal, the city Marwan ibn Muhammad built and made his seat when given the march — forty farsakhs from… - Place
Kish
Kish, the Sijistan marches toward India; Ibn Samura conquered the stretch between Zaranj and Kish. - Place
Konya
Anatolian city, capital of the Seljuk Sultanate of Rum and the burial place of Rumi (d. 1273). - Place
Kufa
Garrison city in Iraq founded around 638 CE, seat of Ali ibn Abi Talib's caliphate and an early centre of… - Place
Kuja
A populated town in the lands of China, not large but with trade and buildings, ten stages from Ujj. - Place
Kulwa
A great coastal city. Most of its people are Zunuj (Black Africans), its houses are of wood, and its people… - Place
Kutha
Old town of the Sawad; in al-Baladhuri some Muslims crossed Nahr Subudhan and took Kutha, Nahr al-Malik and… - Place
Kutna
A village with springs, vineyards, tall palms and vegetable gardens, according to al-Idrisi. - Place
Kuwayfat Ibn Umar
Site the Muslims surveyed before Kufa, found ringed by water; Sa'd is also said to have moved the troops of… - Place
Kūyāba
A city in the land of the Bulghars; the author gives eight stages from Ṣalāw, and says Muslim merchants come… - Place
Labda
A city of many buildings on the coast, which Arabs took over, driving out its people; only remains survive,… - Place
Labla
A fine, ancient, medium-sized town with a river coming down from the hills that is crossed by bridge, with… - Place
al-Ladhiqiyya (Latakia)
A coastal city of Syria's seaboard; Ubada ibn al-Samit took it by force through the trench ruse — it had a… - Place
Lafīsa
A city on a mountain ridge; the author gives six stages from Banūy. - Place
Lahore
A city in Pakistan, among the most important Mughal cities; it holds the Badshahi Mosque. - Place
Lakhmān
A large, fine, populous city among the cities of the Khallukh Samrīqī, with crafts; the author says its… - Place
Al-Lakz
Al-Lakz, a land and fortress of the upper Caucasus; in its plain Marwan ibn Muhammad settled a body of… - Place
Lalan
A large city rich in water and fish, which are taken in quantity; a mountain lies to its south, and from it… - Place
Lamta
A city on the edge of the desert that stretches between Multan and other lands, four stages from Kabul and… - Place
Lamta of the far Maghreb
Lamta in the far Maghreb, famous for its paper-making in the medieval Islamic period — distinct from the… - Place
Lanbiyatha
A fort on a high rock surrounded by the sea on three sides, with a harbour from which ships sail, a… - Place
Lampedusa
An island with a sheltered harbour that protects from every wind; the fleet is carried there from the nearest… - Place
Lankabalus
A large, populated island ten days from Sarandib. Its people are dark-skinned and go unclothed. Merchants… - Place
Laqant (Alicante)
A small populated town with a market and mosque, from which esparto grass is carried to all the lands of the… - Place
Laqf
A place on the Hijra road between Qudayd and al-Araj, mentioned by Ibn Ishaq. - Place
Lardah (Lerida)
A medium-sized city rich in produce, on a river rising in the Partab hills that passes Jaqa; about seventy… - Place
Lasa
A very small town on the salt sea, one day from Sharma. It has hot springs where people from the region bathe… - Place
Lasiya island
The second of the two islands under Qamrun. Its people fight the Chinese when there is no truce between them. - Place
Lawkand
A city the size and market-life of Halawarid, which al-Idrisi describes as a fine place with abundant fruit. - Place
Lawqin
A city on the sea, on the bank of a sweet-water creek that ships enter, three stages from Orissa along the… - Place
Leon
A populous city with fighting men and people of spirit; one of the cities of Castile, four days from Zamora… - Place
Liège
A fine city on an island in the river, surrounded by water on every side, with adequate markets and crafts;… - Place
Lījlīghū
A large, populous city on a hill overlooking a river; the author gives fifty miles west of Salūnī. - Place
Limoges
A fine, strong city with abundant produce, conspicuous buildings and wide cultivation; capital of the Anjou… - Place
Labiri (Lipari)
A fine stop on the sea shore, with a market, bath, residents and fields, and a good harbour where tuna is… - Place
Lisbon
Lisbon (Ushbuna) — the Atlantic city of western al-Andalus, today's capital of Portugal; its district near… - Place
Lora
A town on the bank of the great river with a strong fort; the road from it runs to Sadaf and other places… - Place
Lorca
A fortified city on a mountain, with markets and a lower suburb walled below it, and with yellow earth and… - Place
Lucena
Lucena, in Cordoba's district — beside it Sultan Boabdil's army broke in Rabi I 888 and the sultan himself… - Place
Lughus island
One of the Fortunate Isles in the western sea. Citing the Book of Wonders, al-Idrisi reports a tall, sturdy… - Place
Land Shawdhan
A city from which the author travels to the mouth of the river Qaṭlū along the coast. - Place
Lunsh
A city the author places in the land of Iflandarish, sixty miles west of Qumrāy. - Place
Mount Lunya
A high mountain in Zaghawa country with soft white soil. A cave on it is avoided, the author reports, because… - Place
Luqin
A city three stages from the island of Sanf, on the approaches to China, with fine silk and Chinese silk… - Place
Liyya
Wadi Liyya, pronounced with a kasra on the lam and a light yaa, as its people say. Al-Hamdani lists it among… - Place
Ma'din al-Naqra
A large inhabited village beside the al-Naqra mine, named after the ore. - Place
Ma'an
Town in Syria where the Mu'tah army camped for two nights on learning of Heraclius's numbers; Ibn Rawaha's… - Place
Mabānisa
One of the principal cities of the land of the Germans, populous and rich in crops; the author gives thirty… - Place
Mabit
An island close to Jaba with coconuts, bananas, cane and rice. At its far end is a volcano that smokes by day… - Place
Maqdūniya
A land which the author describes as containing well-known cities, among them Nīsū, Athrūbī, Aqrūnus and… - Place
Maddasa
A medium-sized, well-settled town on the Nile, drinking from it. Rice and sorghum are plentiful, trade is in… - Place
Madinat al-Fil
Madinat al-Fil, strongest of Khwarizm's cities — Ali ibn Mujahid calls it Samarqand; opened by Umayya ibn… - Place
Madinat al-Mubarak
The fortress al-Mubarak al-Turki, al-Hadi's mawla, built at Qazwin, peopled by a company of his own clients. - Place
The City of Brass
The brass-walled city and leaden dome in the wastes of al-Andalus — unreachable by the old kings — whose wall… - Place
Madinat al-Zahra'
Madīnat al-Zahrāʾ, 'one of the wonders of the world's buildings' in Ibn Khallikan's citation of Ibn… - Place
Madinat Jurjan
The city Yazid ibn al-Muhallab built at Jurjan after his conquests there. - Place
Madinat Musa
The town Musa al-Hadi built on Qazwin's ground, endowed with the purchased tract of Rustamabadh for its… - Place
Madsūna
A large, populous city whose people are fire-worshipping Magians, three hundred miles from the fortress of… - Place
Madyan
A large town on the Red Sea coast which al-Idrisi identifies as the town of Shu'ayb, with a house and water… - Place
Madyar
A city of broad buildings and many villages on the bank of the Ganges, rich in wealth; seven stages from… - Place
the Cave of Blood
The cave on Damascus's Mount Qasyun said to be where Adam's son killed his brother; it served as the city's… - Place
The round temple of farthest China
The wondrous round temple of farthest China — seven gates, a seven-sided dome, a magnetic jewel no king could… - Place
Mahistār
A fine, populous city on a great river from the north, at the far west of the large island, twelve miles from… - Place
Mahjam
A small, fort-like town where its people gather, on the border between Dahis land and Yemen. Eight stages… - Place
Mahra
A sandy and barren land that only its camels can cross, famed for their speed. Al-Idrisi gives its length as… - Place
Mahshusa
A place on the coast with water in pits dug in the sand; small vipers in the sand bite those who do not know… - Place
Majanna
One of the famous Arab fairs held in the sacred months along with Ukaz and Dhu al-Majaz, in al-Raheeq… - Place
Majorca
An island of many vineyards and grapes, with a small fine town, lying between Denia and Minorca. - Place
Majrit (Madrid)
A small town and strong fortress, populated, with a congregational mosque and regular Friday sermon, lying… - Place
Majtama' al-Anhar
In al-Baladhuri: a Sawad site where Khalid ibn al-Walid met Azadhbih, lord of Khosrow's frontier posts facing… - Place
Makran
Makran, the coastal land between Fars and Sind; stormed and garrisoned by Sinan ibn Salama — Ibn al-Kalbi… - Place
the Hippodrome of Alexandria
Alexandria's ancient hippodrome, where a yearly festival threw a ball whose lucky catcher took the kingship;… - Place
Malacca
A port in Malaysia; the Sultanate of Malacca in the fifteenth century CE was a centre for the spread of Islam… - Place
Malaga
Malaga, the great Andalusi port on the Mediterranean in the kura of Rayya; besieged by land and sea in 892,… - Place
Malal
A small town without walls, like a large village, on a hill of red earth that protects its people from raids.… - Place
Malan
A handsome town of many gardens and much water, its people well off, one stage from Herat. - Place
Malanda
A large town on the coast of the Zanj lands. Its people live by hunting on land and sea and work iron they… - Place
Malang
City in East Java, Indonesia, home to Maulana Malik Ibrahim State Islamic University, which awarded the Grand… - Place
Malatya (Melitene)
Malatya (Melitene) of the Jaziran frontier, the summer-expedition road; Habib ibn Maslama took it by force in… - Place
Malay
The town where the king of the Island of the Moon lives, on that long island. - Place
Malila
A fine, medium-sized town with much water, drunk by its people; it once had continuous buildings and fields,… - Place
Malta
A large island with a town, its bay opening to the east, described as abundant; a channel's distance from… - Place
Malwa
A handsome city with much traffic in and out and many villages; from it lie Dadda and Tatta, with four stages… - Place
Mama
A walled town built mostly of mud brick, with farms and crops, one stage from Tahart. - Place
Mamhal
A city between India and Sind; the road to it from the coastal town of Kanbaya crosses a sparsely inhabited… - Place
Manadhir
Greater and Lesser Manadhir of al-Ahwaz's districts; Abu Musa besieged them and al-Rabi' ibn Ziyad took them… - Place
Manak
A medium-sized city of stone and plaster with buildings, markets and many people; the largest city of… - Place
Manan
A small town in the land of Kanem with no notable crafts and little trade. Twelve stages from Tamalma. - Place
Manbasa
A small town in the Zanj lands on the sea, whose people mine iron. Two days from Malanda. - Place
Manbij
Manbij of the Qinnasrin jund in the Duluk–Ra'ban quarter; Iyad ibn Ghanm went before it and its people… - Place
Mount Mandab
A long mountain at the entrance to the Red Sea, at Bab al-Mandab, running along the Yemeni coast. Ships bound… - Place
Mandusan
The great Indian shrine of the magnet-stones — attracting, repelling, repulsing in ways the writer declines… - Place
Manf (Memphis)
A village and town at the foot of Mount Muqattam, now largely in ruins. Al-Idrisi describes a place called… - Place
Manfalut
A place close to the western bank of the Nile, with markets and all the amenities. Its wheat is brought to… - Place
Manh
A small village at the foot of Jabal Sharm, with palms and springs, on the bank of the al-Falaj river. - Place
Manjabari
A city of fine buildings in a pleasant low-lying plain, watered by springs and rivers, about six stages from… - Place
Manquna
A town on the Abyssinian coast, five days by land from Zaila. Its people live from fishing and from the… - Place
al-Mansura (Tlemcen)
The counter-city Abu Ya'qub Yusuf the Marinid built facing Tlemcen during his hundred-month siege — walls, a… - Place
Maqna
A locality on the Syrian coast inhabited by Jews of Banu Habiba, whose men fished with 'uruk rafts and whose… - Place
Maragha
A city of Azerbaijan once called Afrahruudh; Marwan ibn Muhammad camped near it returning from the… - Place
Marand
An Azerbaijani town, once a small village settled by Halbas Abu al-Ba'ith, fortified by al-Ba'ith then his… - Place
Mar'ash (Germanikeia)
Mar'ash (Germanikeia) of the Syrian-Jaziran marchland at the A'maq; Khalid ibn al-Walid took its fortress at… - Place
Marbella
A small, well-built town with buildings and many fig trees; to its north is the fortress of Bishtar, reached… - Place
Marda (Merida)
A city that was once a royal seat, with remarkable monuments, a bridge, a water channel and a palace called… - Place
Mardin
A city in south-eastern Turkey on the Jazira road, which Ibn Battuta mentions on his journey. In the year 281… - Place
Maʾrib
The second Sabaean capital after Sirwah, seat of the famous dam; its ruins lie about sixty miles east of… - Place
Maris at Isfahan
The revered hill-shrine three farsakhs from Isfahan whose idols Gushtasp cast out for his fire-temple — still… - Place
Marj al-Suffar
A place at Damascus, in the editors' marginal note; Khalid ibn Sa'id ibn al-As was killed there in Abu Bakr's… - Place
Marj Dabiq
A place in the military district (jund) of Qinnasrin, where Sulayman ibn Abd al-Malik died on a Friday, ten… - Place
Markata
A small, settled town thirty stages from Balaq. Its people live on barley, and merchants come to it from… - Place
al-Marqab
A fortress on the top of a high mountain overlooking the sea, eight miles from Antartus. - Place
Marqiya
A town on the coast facing the island of Arwad, emptied of its people, though its houses remain; al-Idrisi… - Place
Marr al-Zahran
A major valley stage one stage north of Mecca (modern Wadi Fatima); there the ten-thousand-strong Muslim army… - Place
Marrakesh
Moroccan city founded around 1070 CE by the Almoravids as their capital. - Place
Marsa al-Dajaj
A harbour about twenty miles from Tamdafus, known for a fortification around it. - Place
al-Marsa al-Kabir
A harbour two miles from Wahran, sheltered from the wind, where ships anchor; al-Idrisi says it has no equal… - Place
Marsa al-Kharaz
A small town with a strong wall, whose people live by coral fishing; its coral beds supply the coral that is… - Place
Martula (Mertola)
A populated, inhabited fortress famed for its strength and defences, with gardens, crops and fig trees. - Place
Marw
Marw, the great city of Khurasan; its marzban's envoy al-Shahijan sued for peace and Hatim ibn al-Nu'man… - Place
Marw al-Rudh
Marw al-Rudh of Tugharistan in Khurasan's works; besieged hard by al-Ahnaf till its folk took refuge in the… - Place
Masabadhan
a Jibal province; in al-Baladhuri unconquered by fight — al-Sirwan's people treated on al-Dinawar's terms;… - Place
Masfahan island
An island in the western sea among the Fortunate Isles. Citing the author of the Book of Wonders, al-Idrisi… - Place
Masharif
Village in the Balqa' region of Syria where the Muslim army first encountered Heraclius's forces and their… - Place
Mashhad
City in north-eastern Iran, site of the shrine of Imam Ali al-Rida and a major Shia pilgrimage centre. - Place
Mashki
A populated city on the borders of Kerman, known for its strength, with palms, fields and camels. - Place
Masisa (Mopsuestia)
Masisa (Mopsuestia), the Syrian march-fortress on the Jayhan; unpeopled by Muslims until Abdullah ibn Abd… - Place
The 'Mosque of Solomon' at Istakhr
A ruined fire-temple a farsakh from Istakhr — made a fire-house by Queen Humay, later stripped and ruined —… - Place
Maskin
Village of the Sawad; in al-Baladhuri raided by al-Nusayr on Khalid ibn al-Walid's behalf together with… - Place
Masqat
a city Anushirwan built; its people compounded with Salman ibn Rabi'a among the mountain kings after his… - Place
المصيصة
- Place
Masurjan
A large, populated city with trade and many villages on the Tuwaran river, about forty-two miles from the… - Place
Masyūnus
A large, populous city of ancient foundation, several stages north-east of Lafīsa. - Place
Maṭraḫā
A large, populous city with many districts and wide land, on a great river called Saqyū; the author gives… - Place
Mawargha
A town with crops, fertile land and running water, one stage from Raygha. - Place
Maybud
A small, civilised town of the Kath district with a busy market and shrewd people, about fifteen miles from… - Place
Mayraf
A large city on the coast with wealthy merchants; its people are fond of travel, and al-Idrisi says some roam… - Place
Maysan
A district of the Basra region in Iraq; Umar ibn al-Khattab appointed al-Nu'man ibn Adi over it, according to… - Place
Mayyafariqin
A large, fine and fertile city at the foot of a mountain, where wide cloths and fine woven stuffs are made;… - Place
Mazar (Mazara)
A fine, lively and complete city with broad lanes, markets, wide inns, gardens and orchards, from which goods… - Place
Mazighin
A harbour about sixty-five miles from Anfa, with a bay called al-Bayda on the coast; about fifty miles from… - Place
Mazuna
A town about six miles from the sea, below a ditch, with rivers, farms and orchards. - Place
Mecca
City in the Hejaz, birthplace of the Prophet Muhammad and site of the Kaaba and the annual Hajj. - Place
Medina
City in the Hejaz to which the Prophet migrated in 622 CE; site of the Prophet's Mosque and the first Muslim… - Place
The Syrian sea (Mediterranean)
Al-Idrisi's Syrian sea enters from the western dark sea at the strait of al-Zuqaq, eighteen miles wide there,… - Place
Meknes
A handsome city on high ground with water running to its east, with markets, baths and houses, and gardens… - Place
Merv
An ancient city in present-day Turkmenistan; it was the capital of Khurasan, the Abbasid movement set out… - Place
Messina
A city on the Strait of Messina in Sicily, from which Ibn Jubayr sailed west on his journey. - Place
Mihrajan (Khurasan)
A populous town with an earthen wall and a great suburb, watered by a river; two stages from Diwarah. - Place
Mihrajanqadhaf
a Jibal kura; in al-Baladhuri wholly conquered by Abu Musa al-Ash'ari, al-Saymara its city. - Place
Mihran
Mihran, Sind's great river and its land; here Muhammad ibn al-Qasim camped mid-way, crossed the Mihwan by a… - Place
Mila
A handsome city of many trees and abundant water, whose people are a mix of Berbers; it once acknowledged the… - Place
Milasu (Milazzo)
A fortress jutting into the sea, fine in form and strongly built, among the best and most handsome places, in… - Place
Miliana
A town in Algeria, which Ibn Battuta passed through on his way from the Maghrib. - Place
Mina
A valley between Makkah and al-Mash'ar, where pilgrims throw the jamarat (pebbles) and spend the nights of… - Place
Minorca
An island facing Denia across the sea, with a small fine town, and a channel's distance from the coast of… - Place
Miqra
A town with grain, whose people grow much flax; one stage from al-Musayla. - Place
Mirbat
A town on the Hadramawt coast whose hills grow frankincense, which is shipped out from there. Its people are… - Place
Mirka
A coastal town in Barbara land. Its people grow sorghum by the Nile, and it lies at varying distances by sea… - Place
Misr (Egypt)
A land watered by the Nile without rain, with Nubia to the south and the sea to the north; it has orchards,… - Place
Misrata
A city on the coast of Libya west of Tripoli, which Ibn Battuta mentions on his way from Tripoli. - Place
Mogadishu
Port city on the Somali coast, a trading centre of the medieval East African littoral that Ibn Battuta… - Place
al-Munastir
A place with three fortified residences inhabited by devout people; the dead of al-Mahdiyya were carried… - Place
Mosul
A city on the Tigris in northern Iraq; it was a Zengid centre in the twelfth century and holds the al-Nuri… - Place
Mount Sal'
A mountain in Medina; Ka'b ibn Malik pitched a tent on its back during the boycott, and the caller who… - Place
Mughila
A town that was once civilised and built up, set in a wide plain full of herbs, now left with the remains of… - Place
Mukul
A village of Berbers, fortress-like in appearance, with a market that draws goods and trade; one stage from… - Place
Multan
A city in southern Punjab in Pakistan, conquered by Muhammad ibn al-Qasim in 712 CE; it is an important… - Place
Munyat Ibn al-Khasib
A prosperous village on the east bank of the Nile, with gardens, cultivated land, cane and grapes. Half a day… - Place
Muqan
The Muqan steppe of Azerbaijan on the Aras; al-Walid ibn Uqba, Kufa's governor for Uthman, raided it among… - Place
Murcia
A city on the river that bears its name; the author gives its distance from Lorca as forty miles. - Place
Murciya (Murcia)
The capital of the Tudmir lands, with a populous suburb and a well-built wall, watered by a channel through… - Place
Murtūrī
A city in the land of the Rus at the mouth of a river; the author gives four days from Ramsilī. - Place
Muscat
The capital of the Sultanate of Oman on the Gulf of Oman, an old trading port; Oman is the centre of the… - Place
Mushla
A fine city with many farms and fruits, wide districts, strong walls and busy markets. - Place
al-Massisa (Mopsuestia)
A town on the Jayhan river, with a stone bridge to al-Mulan; its Greek name is Mamstra; orchards and fields… - Place
Mustaghanim
A town on the sea by a bay, with markets, baths, gardens, orchards and plenty of water. - Place
Mustanah
A town on a great river descending from the Banjar mountains, six days' journey from the royal city, with… - Place
Mu'tah
Village in southern Jordan, near which the Muslims fought a Byzantine-led force in 629 CE. - Place
Al-Mutanabbi Street
Baghdad's book and print street since the 19th century — 'reading is breathing to Iraqis'; bombed in 2007 and… - Place
Mutsa
A populated village on the coast about twelve miles from Jijel. - Place
Muwrids
A city on the edge of the Indian lands, three stages from Dadda and eight from Qandahar. - Place
Muzdalifa
A place between Arafat and Mina, where pilgrims spend the night of the sacrifice (laylat al-nahr). - Place
Nabil
A palace on the sea near a populous city that was later ruined; al-Idrisi says a site with traces of an old… - Place
Nabk
A town in Syria on the Damascus–Homs road, which Ibn Jubayr passed on his way to Damascus. - Place
Nablus
The city of the Samaritans, with the well where, as the people of Jerusalem say, a visitor asked a Samaritan… - Place
Nabranta
A ruined city eight stages north of the Sughwa, once well known. Sand overwhelmed its houses and dried its… - Place
Nadkhu
A town on a lake of sweet water with many birds like hoopoes; four stages from Khaqan, visited by many Turks… - Place
Nafta
A small town with markets, trade, palms, crops and running water, two stages from Qafsa. - Place
Nafzawa
A town about one day from Tuzar; al-Idrisi also mentions another town between Jabal Nafusa and Nafzawa. - Place
Nahr Abi al-Asad
A canal at the Batayih; in al-Baladhuri dug by Abu al-Asad, al-Mansur's mawla-commander sent to Basra during… - Place
Nahr Adi
Nahr Adi at Basra — a khawr of the town's river until Adi ibn Arta'a, Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz's governor, cut it… - Place
Nahr al-Amir
Nahr al-Amir at Basra, dug by al-Mansur and gifted to his son Ja'far — first 'the Commander of the Faithful's… - Place
Nahr al-Asawira
The Asāwira canal at Basra by Fil's house, dug by Abdallah ibn Amir — or, as some say, dug by the asāwira… - Place
Nahr al-Banat
Nahr al-Banat at Basra — Ziyad's daughters, each granted sixty jarib, the common measure of his grants. - Place
Nahr al-Bazzaq
An old Sawad canal; in al-Baladhuri called in Nabataean 'la-Bassaq' — one that cuts water off its neighbour… - Place
Nahr al-Mar'a
The Woman's Canal of the Tigris districts; Shurayh ibn Amir took its palace by treaty from al-Nushajan ibn… - Place
Nahr al-Maymun
A Sawad canal; in al-Baladhuri first dug by Sa'id ibn Zayd, agent of Umm Ja'far Zubayda bint Ja'far ibn… - Place
Nahr al-Mubarak
A canal in the Sawad; in al-Baladhuri dug by Khalid ibn Abdallah al-Qasri, praised by al-Farazdaq:… - Place
Nahr al-Nu'man ibn al-Mundhir
Nahr al-Nu'man ibn al-Mundhir at al-Qandal, a Tigris khawr dammed by Sulayman ibn Ali — the Lakhmid king's… - Place
Nahr al-Sila
A Sawad canal; in al-Baladhuri dug at al-Mahdi's command, its lands revived and its revenue assigned to the… - Place
Nahr al-Ubulla
The Ubulla canal, Basra's great channel from al-Ijana to al-Ubulla, four farsakhs long; Abu Musa began its… - Place
Barada River
A river that splits within the city into channels running to its houses, baths and gardens. Al-Idrisi says… - Place
Bihank River
A great river in northern India that passes east of Atraghan and reaches the sea; the author notes a people… - Place
Bugu River
A great river entered by boats and galleys, with towns and forts along it, flowing to the western sea;… - Place
Nahr Ibn Umar
Nahr Ibn Umar at Basra, dug by Abdallah ibn Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz for Yazid ibn al-Walid after the two-flask… - Place
Khamdan River
A great river of China, the subject of reports in the books of marvels, on which the city of the same name… - Place
Kur River
A river rising in the Kurdish borderlands that passes the valley of Bawan, waters the districts of Fars and… - Place
Nahr Ma'qil
The Ma'qil canal of Basra, named for Ma'qil ibn Yasar whom Ziyad sent to open it for his Companion's blessing… - Place
Sayhan
Sayhan, the Basra canal that belonged to the Barmakids — they themselves named it Sayhan. - Place
Shirin River
A river rising in the Bazarnaj range, watering the districts of Farzak and Jaladjan, and running to the sea… - Place
Nahr Tiri
A populated town with houses and markets and much produce, one stage from al-Ahwaz and two from Bayan. - Place
Nahrawara
A city ruled by a powerful king with many elephants in his army. Muslim merchants visit it in numbers, and… - Place
Nairun
A fortified city, neither large nor very populous, whose people are well off and which has few trees; about… - Place
Najaa
The last land of Barbara, a village on the road from Mirka. Eight days from it to Qarnawa, and six to Badhuna. - Place
Najaf
A city in Iraq containing the shrine of Ali ibn Abi Talib, which Ibn Battuta mentions on his way to Iraq. - Place
Najagha
A small town on the bank of the river that crosses Abyssinia. Its people are farmers who grow sorghum and… - Place
Najd
Historic region of central Arabia. - Place
Najrag
A populous city in the land of Samrīqī with troops; the author gives two and a half stages from Arṣāh. - Place
Najran
A large town some seven stages south of Mecca toward Yemen, remembered in the prophetic sources as comprising… - Place
Nakhla al-Yamaniya
A place between al-Taif and Makkah on the Prophet's return road from Hunayn. Yaqut mentions it in the course… - Place
Namira
A district of Arafat where the Prophet alighted before the standing, and which was the encampment of the… - Place
Namjān
A small, civilised town ruled by a Turkish man, on the bank of a river called Sūqān. - Place
Namna
A Tabaristan village; Sa'id ibn al-As took it with Tamisa on the Tabaristan raid. - Place
Namnaj Island
An island in the eastern sea, where, according to al-Idrisi's source in the Book of Marvels, a people with… - Place
Nantes
A large, populous, inhabited city with fields and outlying land; a strong and pleasing city from which… - Place
Naples
A fine, ancient, populous city with goods and wares, with a harbour of abundant water; al-Idrisi describes… - Place
Naqawus
A city rich in trees and orchards, most of its fruit being dates, with a standing market; two stages from… - Place
Narand
Narand of the Indian quarters; reached by Amr ibn Jamal's bawarij under Hisham ibn Amr. - Place
Naroa
A great town and well-filled stop with busy markets and famous crafts, and joined farms; twelve miles from… - Place
Nārūs
A small, civilised town with markets for buying and selling; the author gives one hundred miles from Nūshā. - Place
Nasa
Nasa of Khurasan; Ibn Khazim took its Humrandiz rustaq and its lord truced at three hundred thousand — or on… - Place
Nasaf (Nakhshab)
Nasaf — that is Nakhshab — beyond the river; its folk marched with Sughd, Turks and Kish on Sa'id ibn… - Place
Nasibin (Nisibis)
Nasibin (Nisibis) of the Jazira cities; Iyad ibn Ghanm took it after fighting on the like of al-Ruha's… - Place
Nastasiyya
A stronghold and small town of fertility and strong defences, twelve miles from the sea, where the river of… - Place
Nawaba
A town a short distance from the Nile, above the equator. Its people and trade are few, and the land is hot… - Place
the Nawbahar
The Nawbahar, Balkh's great edifice; ruined by Ata ibn al-Sa'ib in Qays ibn al-Haytham's campaign when its… - Place
Nawqan
One of the fine cities of the land, with a strong earthen wall, wealthy merchants and craftsmen; the tomb of… - Place
Nūshā
A civilised city of middling size with crops and orchards, on a river that waters most of its farms. - Place
Nawtas (Noto)
Among the highest fortresses and noblest towns, with well-arranged markets, running water and many mills, and… - Place
Nayin
A town of markets, trade and circulating wealth, built of mud, seventy-five miles from Aqda. - Place
The Nayyir desert
A thinly inhabited desert that merchants cross on the way to Awdaghast and Ghana, mostly in the autumn… - Place
Nekour
Nekour, an ancient city on the Rif coast of the Far Maghreb between two rivers, one the Nekour rising in the… - Place
Nevers
A great and noble city with brave men, populous villages and abundant tax revenue, about eighty miles from… - Place
Nicaea (Iznik)
An ancient, famous city that was once the seat of the Roman kingdom before Constantinople was built; it… - Place
نهاوند
- Place
Nihawand
A Jibal city; in al-Baladhuri, the field of Yawm Nihawand in year 20 when the Persians and the people of… - Place
Nikmudhiyya
An old town, now in ruins, a three-day sea distance from the coast; al-Idrisi lists it in the district of… - Place
Nineveh
The twin forts of Nineveh facing Mosul across the Tigris; their people fought Utba ibn Farqad, he took the… - Place
Nishapur
A city in Khurasan in northeastern Iran; it was an important centre of hadith scholarship, and Imam Muslim,… - Place
Nīsū
A noble, fine city and land, rich in produce, honey and milk, with cheap prices and a large bridge over its… - Place
Nīṭrum
A civilised, large city on level ground with running water, farms and abundant produce; the author gives… - Place
Niyast
A populous city on the Ganges with much grain, seven stages from Madyar. - Place
al-Nizamiyya Madrasa
Baghdad's Nizamiyya school, built by Alp Arslan's vizier Nizam al-Mulk and finished in 459 with Abu Ishaq… - Place
Nubia
In al-Baladhuri: the land Muslim horses entered after Egypt's conquest, meeting fierce fighting and… - Place
Nughayra
A town in the land of Qamnuriyya. The author says it was once one of two thriving towns there, and that wars… - Place
Nul
A large, populated city on the edge of the desert; it is the only town where the people of the region… - Place
Nūnshka
An island off the coast of the White Qumans where a kind of fish is caught; the author records what… - Place
Nūqastru
A fine, cheap, populous city on the bank of the Danube. - Place
Nayūn Burk
A city in the land of Shuṣūniya; the author gives one hundred miles from Iqrāqū and forty miles from Hāla. - Place
Oman
The land of Oman, which al-Idrisi describes as self-contained and well peopled, with bananas, pomegranates,… - Place
Orissa Island
A large island off the Indian coast where elephants are hunted and their tusks traded. It has iron mines,… - Place
Orleans
A populated, civilised city with standing houses, farms and crops on a river; seventy miles from Tours, one… - Place
Ūzburk
A city in the region of Ṣawāba; the author gives one hundred miles from Bansa and seventy miles from a city… - Place
Palermo
Sicilian city taken by the Muslims in the Aghlabid conquest of the island (Ibn Khaldun does not give the year… - Place
Pantelleria
An inhabited island about thirty miles round, lying to the north of al-Bi'a. - Place
Parwan
A town with markets, trade and wealthy people, well built, linked to India by a pass; a gateway for merchants… - Place
The Green Gulf (Persian Gulf)
A branch of the Indian and Chinese sea that runs past western Sind, Makran, Kirman and Fars to al-Ubulla,… - Place
Petra (al-Batraʾ)
Capital of the Nabataeans — the descendants of Nabit ibn Ismail in the traditional account — in northern… - Place
The Philippine archipelago
A Pacific archipelago of about 1,200 islands. In Arslan's commentary on Stoddard, Islam reached the southern… - Place
Qabala
a city Qubadh ibn Fayruz built in Arran — also called al-Khazar — which Salman ibn Rabi'a took after crossing… - Place
Qābī
A city in the land of the Magians far from the sea; the author gives four days from Qulārī. - Place
The tomb of Hud at the Ahqaf
A tomb visited continually by the people of Hadramawt and Mahra — al-Hamdani places it in the red sand-hill… - Place
the tomb of Yunus at Halhul
The tomb ascribed to Yunus ibn Matta at Halhul village, left of the Jerusalem-Hebron road, under a domed… - Place
Qadis Island (Cadiz)
An island twelve miles from Sharish, with the city of Qadis, linked to the mainland by causeways. - Place
Qafiz
A palace in the middle of a plain with a lake about half a mile long to its east, four miles from the sea,… - Place
Qafsa
A fine walled city with a flowing river and crops of henna, cotton and cumin, with a market and standing… - Place
Qal'at Fayma
An ancient, unblemished stronghold with little water in its surroundings; al-Idrisi gives distances from it… - Place
Qal'at al-Nisa
A fine-built castle overlooking the sea, with trees and fruit, about twenty-one miles from Naroa. - Place
al-Qalamun
A fortress on the sea about five miles from the preceding point, on a broad piece of land on which the fort… - Place
Qalari
A fortified and pleasant city on the bank of the Mihran river in Sind, with abundant produce. - Place
Qal'at al-Balut
A strong fortress and a lofty stronghold, with noble valleys, fertile estates and many mills on its streams,… - Place
Qal'at al-Kariyan
A castle on a mountain of clay, reached only by a hard path like an ant's track; al-Idrisi counts it among… - Place
Qal'at al-Rum (Rumkale)
A strong fortress on the Euphrates beside the fortress of al-Bira. It had been a seat of the Catholicos of… - Place
Qal'at Ayyub
A town of many trees and fruits with low prices, where gilded earthenware is made; fifty miles east of… - Place
al-Qal'a (Qal'at Bani Hammad)
One of the largest lands and wealthiest towns, its wall encircling a mountain, with a high fortress on top… - Place
Qal'at Banu Sa'id
The Banu Sa'id fortress — anciently Astulir or Qal'at Yahsub, where a Yemeni clan settled at the conquest —… - Place
Qal'at Busr
Qal'at Busr, a castle near a town called Majjana by the silver mine, among Qayrawan's works; Busr ibn Abi… - Place
Qal'at Dhi al-Rifaq
Qal'at Dhi al-Rifaq in al-Ahwaz; opened by Thabit ibn Dhi al-Hirra al-Himyari. - Place
Qal'at Isfandiyadh
A castle in the district of Istakhr on a high mountain, reached by a hard climb of about three miles; no… - Place
Qal'at Karmata
A fortress with a market and crops, on the Inawan river, one stage from Karanta. - Place
Qal'at Mahdi
A strong fortress on a high mountain, on the road from Tadla, with Zanata tribes living around it. - Place
Qal'at Rabah
A fortress on the bank of the Yana river, which al-Idrisi calls a strong, populated stronghold three stages… - Place
Qalhat
A populated town on the coast of Oman with well water and fishing, a long stage inland from Sur. - Place
Qalibli (Calabria)
A large, ancient and populous city with a good harbour, a spring and wells; al-Idrisi says the sea enters it… - Place
Qalīmālāyā
A large, populous city rich in crops on a high hill with plentiful game; the author places it in the lands of… - Place
Qalimriyya (Coimbra)
A city of many vineyards and fruits, including apples and cherries, on a river called the Bugu, with a strong… - Place
Qaliqala (Theodosiopolis/Erzurum)
Qaliqala (Theodosiopolis, Erzurum), of Armenia III in the reported division — or II — and the seat of… - Place
Qalmār
A coastal city which the author places two hundred miles beyond Saqṭūn. - Place
Qalūniya
A large city on the western bank of the Rhine with settled outskirts and regular harvests; the author gives… - Place
The land of Qamnuriyya
A land of the Sudan south of the Sahara that once had well-known towns. Pressure from the Zaghawa and Lamtuna… - Place
Qamrun
The king of a populated island with a rich land. Good camphor grows there. The author says his people attack… - Place
Qamula
A village about five miles from Damamil, which the author says is as rich as a town, gathering every kind of… - Place
Qanatir al-Nu'man
ancient arches; in al-Baladhuri via Ibn Hisham al-Kalbi named for al-Nu'man ibn Muqarrin al-Muzani's camp… - Place
Qandabil
Qandabil between Makran and Sind; parts opened by Mujja'a ibn Si'r, completed by Muhammad ibn al-Qasim. - Place
al-Qandahar
al-Qandahar on the Sijistan-India road; stormed by Abbad ibn Ziyad at cost — its tall caps the model of the… - Place
Qantarat al-Sayf
A great bridge over the Yana river, guarded by a strong fort, whose people are formidable; al-Idrisi praises… - Place
Qantarat Qurra
Qantarat Qurra at Basra, named for Qurra ibn Habban al-Bahili; Umm Abdallah ibn Amir bought the old canal… - Place
Cordoba Bridge
A bridge of seventeen arches, about fifty spans between each pair, rising some thirty cubits over the river,… - Place
Thakan Bridge
A bridge on the Musin river near the gate of Arjan, which al-Idrisi says rivals the bridge of Cordoba. - Place
Qaqala
A city rich in silk, where silkworms are raised and the Qaqali cloth and silk are made; ten stages from… - Place
Qarantiyya
The first city of the Kimak lands, large, with a strong wall and horses and horsemen, on a great lake said to… - Place
Qarliyun (Corleone)
A strong, unassailable fortress and tall stronghold beside a river named after it; five miles from Jatawa, in… - Place
Qarmasin
A Jibal city; in al-Baladhuri, taken by Jarir ibn Abdallah on the same terms as Hulwan's treaty. - Place
Qarmuna (Carmona)
A fortified town on a strong hilltop overlooking a plain rich in wheat and barley; two stages from Seville. - Place
Qarmut
A town four stages from Qashmir, which al-Idrisi counts among the known cities of India. - Place
Qarn al-Manazil
The miqat of the people of Najd, on the road to Taif; Ibn Battuta mentions it on his way to Medina. - Place
al-Qarnayn
A medium-sized walled city which al-Idrisi says was once the home and seat of Rustam; one stage from… - Place
Qarqana
An island with no town; its people live in reed huts and grow vines, cumin and anise. King Roger took it in… - Place
Qarqisiya (Circesium)
Qarqisiya (Circesium) where the Khabur meets the Euphrates in the Jazira; Iyad sent Habib ibn Maslama… - Place
Qarqub
A city producing gold-threaded silk brocade known as Qarqubi, carried to distant lands; about four stages… - Place
Qarqudhi
A fine town on the top of a mountain, among the strongest heights of the island, with good crops and farming;… - Place
Qarquna
A town on the Yemeni sea in Barbara land, where sea turtles are hunted. Two days by sea from Jawa. - Place
Qartajanna (Carthage)
A ruined city, now inhabited by Arab chiefs, with an earthen wall remaining. Al-Idrisi describes its wonders:… - Place
Qārūqiyā
A fine city with standing buildings; the author gives ten stages north of Bsjrt al-Kharija. - Place
Qasha
A city whose people depart from the creed of the Chinese; they burn their dead in the Indian manner, ten… - Place
Qashan
a Jibal city; in al-Baladhuri taken by force by al-Ahnaf ibn Qays — al-Dahhak ibn Qays al-Tamimi — on Abu… - Place
Qashmir
A famous city among the lands of India; al-Idrisi distinguishes Inner and Outer Qashmir, and gives four… - Place
Qasr Abd al-Karim
A small, populated fortified settlement of mixed Berbers on a river, about three miles from the sea, with a… - Place
Qasr Ahnaf
A populated place on the Balkh road one stage from Marw, with an earthen wall and running water. - Place
Qasr al-Musayyirin
Qasr al-Musayyirin at Basra, Abd al-Rahman ibn Ziyad's, where al-Hajjaj jailed the families of Ibn… - Place
Qasr al-Nawashiq
Qasr al-Nawashiq at Basra — Ziyad ibn Abi Sufyan's palace, so named by the street-toughs. - Place
Qasr al-Nu'man
Qasr al-Nu'man at Basra, the seat of al-Nu'man ibn Suhban al-Rasibi who judged between Mudar and Rabi'a when… - Place
Qasr al-Qashib
A palace at Marib known as Qasr al-Qashib, which al-Idrisi identifies as the palace of Bilqis. - Place
Qasr Aws
A Basra palace named for Aws ibn Tha'laba of Taym Allah, the man of the Palmyra-idols verse. - Place
Qasr Hazārdir
Hazārdir, the Basra palace of many doors built by Shirawayh for Marjana — named for the thousand doors, or… - Place
Qasr Masmuda
A fortified site on the sea where ships and fire-ships are built, on the headland of the strait nearest… - Place
Qasr Umm Isa
A town not large, two days south of al-Qasaba. Its people are prosperous, keep camels for travel, and their… - Place
Qasriyani
A town with a strong fortress and firm walls, broad in extent and well built, with a wide district and cool… - Place
Qassa
Qassa of Sind; alone steadfast in Islam when Hind's folk apostatized after Tamim ibn Zayd. - Place
Qastalun
A high, strongly defended and populated fort, about twenty miles from al-Randaj and twenty more to the… - Place
Qastiliyya (Tuzar)
A city also called Tuzar, with a strong wall, many palms and large citrons; its vegetables are among the best… - Place
Qatania (Catania)
A proud, famous city of Sicily with splendid houses, mosques and congregational mosques, visited from every… - Place
Qatarrabul
Village of the Baghdad Sawad; in al-Baladhuri raided by al-Nusayr on Khalid ibn al-Walid's behalf together… - Place
Qatighura
A great city with profits and facilities on a fresh-water creek, six stages from Tarighyawqan. - Place
Qāwun
A large, populous city on the Danube with markets and crafts; the author gives one hundred miles from Aqra. - Place
Qayn
A clay-walled city of mud-brick buildings, with a citadel and a ditch; about one stage in size and two stages… - Place
Qayna
A small village on the road to Yemen. - Place
Qīnyū
A large, densely built city at the foot of a high mountain; the author gives one hundred miles from Nūshā. - Place
Qayrawan
Qayrawan, the garrison-city of Ifriqiya; Uqba ibn Nafi' al-Fihri laid it out on a thicket-site of trees… - Place
Caesarea
Coastal Caesarea of the Filastin district; first besieged by Amr ibn al-As in year 13 and finally taken by… - Place
Qaysi
A fortress of many buildings and strong foundations with abundant water, fifteen miles from Jaras. - Place
Qayyarah
A town on the Tigris south of Mosul, which Ibn Battuta mentions on his journey. - Place
Qazdar
A populated city with markets, trade and good conditions, with districts that depend on it. - Place
Qazlāra
A large, populous city with rich revenues; its people are described as strong defenders of their land, with… - Place
قزوين
- Place
Qazwin
City in the Daylam mountain country; in al-Baladhuri the asawira living opposite Daylam converted when the… - Place
Qift
A city on the east bank of the Nile, half a day from Akhmim. The author describes its population as mixed and… - Place
Qina
A city of Upper Egypt east of the Nile, white and elegant in appearance, with stately buildings; Ibn Jubayr… - Place
Qinnasrin
Qinnasrin, capital of the Qinnasrin-and-Awasim jund; its people compounded with Abu Ubayda on Hims's terms… - Place
al-Qiqan
al-Qiqan of the Sind lands adjoining Khurasan; raided by al-Muhallab in 44h — the grave of al-Harith ibn… - Place
Quanzhou
A port in southeastern China where Muslim merchants resided in the Middle Ages; it holds an old mosque dating… - Place
Cyprus
The island of Cyprus in the Byzantine sea, some eighty farsakhs square by report; first sailed by the Muslims… - Place
Qudaid
A place on the Hijra road between Usfan and Rabigh, where Suraqa caught up with the Prophet. - Place
Quhistan
Quhistan, the nearest city to the Tabasayn at Khurasan's gate; led there by al-Ahnaf ibn Qays, its people and… - Place
Qulārī
A small, fortress-like town whose people are farmers with many sheep; the author gives six stages south-east… - Place
al-Qulzum
In al-Baladhuri: a sea and route al-Mutawakkil gave Muhammad ibn Abdallah al-Qummi together with Egypt's mine… - Place
Qumāniya al-Sūd
A city to which the Qumans are attributed, known as Qumāniya al-Sūd; the author explains the name by a river… - Place
Qumar
An island that traders visit for oud, with sandalwood and rice. The author says its people wear cloth wraps,… - Place
Qumis
a province; in al-Baladhuri, whose people joined the Persian summons to Yazdgard in year 20 — conquered by… - Place
Qumm
a Jibal city; in al-Baladhuri reached by Abu Musa and Abdallah ibn Qays returning from Nihawand — stayed upon… - Place
Qurnat (Corinth)
A large populated city on a strait, thirty miles from the narrows that lie between them; an island lies off… - Place
Quriya
An ancient town with a strong wall, where vines and olive trees are most common; two stages from the Sayf… - Place
Qus
A city in Upper Egypt on the bank of the Nile, on the caravan road to Aydhab; Ibn Battuta and Ibn Jubayr… - Place
Qusdar
Qusdar of Makran; first opened by Sinan ibn Salama who died there at its breach — retaken by al-Mundhir ibn… - Place
Rabigh
A coastal town on the pilgrimage road between Medina and Mecca, through which caravans pass between Badr and… - Place
Radman
A place in Yemen where al-Muttalib ibn Abd Manaf, the uncle of Abd al-Muttalib, died, in al-Raheeq… - Place
Rafah
A decent town one stage from Gaza, on the road to al-Arish. - Place
al-Rafiqa
al-Rafiqa, the Abbasid companion-city beside al-Raqqa; it had no ancient trace — al-Mansur built it in year… - Place
Raghūlda
A populous city on a sea-river, attributed to the land of Tabst; the author gives one hundred miles from… - Place
Rahbat Malik
A fertile, populous town on the Euphrates at the edge of the desert, thirty miles from al-Dalia; named for… - Place
Rahqan
A valley between al-Nazia and the Safra' defile, on the road to Badr. - Place
Ramadin
Ramadin, a town of Baykand's two farsakhs on; taken with it by Ubaydallah ibn Ziyad. - Place
Ramhurmuz
Ramhurmuz of al-Ahwaz; twice truced — Abu Maryam's eight-hundred-thousand compact — twice betrayed, and taken… - Place
Ramij
A large island in the Zanj archipelago, about four hundred miles around. It has a high, defended mountain… - Place
al-Ramla
The city of al-Ramla in the Filastin jund; it did not exist before Sulayman ibn Abd al-Malik — its site was a… - Place
Ramsilī
A city on the Dnestr river; the author gives twelve stages along the river to Zāqa. - Place
Ranj-Burk
A city in the land of Bābīr, with many houses, settled country, gardens and vineyards, set south of the… - Place
al-Raqqa
al-Raqqa on the Euphrates in the Jazira; Iyad ibn Ghanm took it by treaty after five days of siege — lives,… - Place
رقادة
- Place
Raqwān
The only city of the Sīsiyān lands that the author says had been rebuilt amid the ruins. - Place
Ra's al-Ayn
Ra's al-Ayn — that is Ayn al-Warda — of the Jazira cities on the Khabur; it resisted Iyad ibn Ghanm, and… - Place
Ras al-Muhjama
A high headland on the coast, passed by travellers overland, with pearl beds off its tip. - Place
Rasak
A city with two districts, whose sugar cane is plentiful; refined sugar is made there and carried to distant… - Place
Rashid
A civilised town on the Nile with farms, wheat and barley, fine vegetables and fresh fruit, and much Nile… - Place
Rawand
A town of Isbahan's district; there lie the Graves of the Boon-Companions — three Kufans of al-Hajjaj's… - Place
Rawar
Rawar, a Sind city; stormed by Muhammad ibn al-Qasim — a wife of Dahir there burned herself, her maids and… - Place
Raygha
A village with long stretches of tilled land, orchards and a market, and running springs. - Place
Rayo (Reggio)
A small town of the Calabrian lands on the sea shore with much fruit and vegetables, seven miles from Messina… - Place
Rayshahr
Rayshahr of Sabur's land near Tawwaj; there al-Hakam and the marzban Shahrak fought fiercely — Sawwar killed… - Place
Rayy
An ancient city near present-day Tehran, among the largest cities of the Persian lands in the Abbasid era;… - Place
Rennes
A large city with populous land, strong, with brisk markets and standing crafts, on the salt sea; about… - Place
Riha (Jericho)
Among the finest places of the Ghawr, one of its best sites; one stage from Jerusalem. - Place
Rikka
A town at the foot of the Atlas, near Aghmat, with good soil and plenty of plants; a modest river crosses the… - Place
Rishahr
A small but populated town with buildings, villages and farms, and a pulpit. - Place
Ronda
Ronda, the strong city west of Malaga; besieged in Jumada I 890 while its men were away relieving Cartama, it… - Place
Rouen
A large, well-known city on the river in the land of Nurmandiya; the author places Bentiz thirty miles to the… - Place
al-Rudhan
A large city rich in produce and gains, with wealthy people and a populous district; in appearance it… - Place
Rūdhistū
A fine city on the road from Salūnī, which the author places near a major capital to the east. - Place
Rhodes
In al-Baladhuri: among the most fertile islands, about sixty miles, with olives, vines, fruits and sweet… - Place
Rhodes
An island in the Levantine sea; al-Idrisi gives one hundred miles from Nisil and three channels' distance to… - Place
Rughusa (Ragusa)
A fine, populous, inhabited city of Slavs who are raiders with ships; the last Slav land toward the west,… - Place
Rukhkhaj
Rukhkhaj, the Sijistan region; by its road Ibn Samura mastered the lands as far as the Dawar country. - Place
Rumah (Rome)
A great city with a stone wall, a river covered with copper slabs and a great church, and a palace of the… - Place
Rusafat Hisham
Rusafat Hisham, Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik's estate in the Raqqa district; he founded it having earlier dwelt at… - Place
Rūshiyya
A city on a great river, whose people the author describes as always ready for war; he gives twenty-seven… - Place
al-Rūsiyya (land)
A large land with few towns and scattered settlements; the author says its people have constant raids and… - Place
Rustamabadh
A tract at Qazwin bought by Musa al-Hadi and endowed for the benefit of Madinat Musa whose building he… - Place
Ruwayst
A handsome, populous town without walls, three stages from Tarum. - Place
al-Ruzrawar
A fine district and settled land, which al-Idrisi lists with Hamadhan, Nihawand and Burujird among the… - Place
Sa'la
A populous city on a riverbank with plentiful trade and close-set buildings, fourteen stages from Qabtu. - Place
Sa'a
A small, pleasant city on a large river that cuts through its outskirts and passes between its houses. - Place
Sa'da
A cultured city in Yemen with tanneries where good leather is cured; the road to Sanaa runs from it. - Place
Sa'al
A small populated town on Wadi al-Falaj, with many palms, gardens and orchards, watered from the river. - Place
Sabalan
Azerbaijan's great mountain holding the Sabalan Kurds; Hudhayfa's treaty barred exposing the land to the… - Place
Sabat
place below al-Mada'in; in al-Baladhuri opened by Khalid ibn Urfuta on Sa'd's vanguard before his arrival. - Place
Sabitla
Once among the most pleasing cities of the region, with fine air, soil, gardens and orchards; al-Idrisi says… - Place
Sabra
A city that was once a royal seat with palaces and houses; now in ruin with no hope of repair and no… - Place
Sabu River
A great river that rises far off and passes east of Fez, gathering the springs and streams of its valley. - Place
Sabur (Bishapur)
Sabur of Fars; Uthman's aman-sulh of 23 or 24h after Shahrak's brother's dream — then the people's breach,… - Place
Sadd Marib
A great dam across the watercourse near the city of Marib, built with care by its people, who lived beside it… - Place
Sadum
A large village with many springs and vineyards, and wells of water. - Place
Sadusan
Sadusan of Sind; its samaniyya-brokered aman gave Muhammad ibn al-Qasim kharaj, hostages, and four thousand… - Place
Safita
A fortress town in the coastal mountains of Syria — Castel Blanc of the Franks; Nur al-Din took it in 561. - Place
Safru
A small town where most people are farmers, with abundant crops and fresh water, two stages from Qal'at Mahdi. - Place
Safwan
A valley in the Badr district; the Prophet reached it in Rabi' al-Awwal of 2 AH, pursuing Kurz ibn Jabir… - Place
al-Saghaniyan
al-Saghaniyan, the lands on the river's east bank; its folk joined the thirty-thousand Tukharistan mass… - Place
Sahab island
An island named for the white cloud that hangs over it. A wind-driven column from the cloud meets the water… - Place
Sahilan Island
A large sandy island with no plants; people catch many black birds there; it lies in the Caspian near the Kur. - Place
Sakawand
A town well peopled, seven days from Kabul, with snow in places and a cold climate. - Place
Sala
A large city on the north bank of the Nile and a meeting point for Sudan trade, under the ruler of Takrur.… - Place
Ṣalāw
A city; the author gives one hundred miles east of Nārūs. - Place
Salerno
A great city with busy markets on the coast, near the harbour of Salerno, about twelve miles along the Sils… - Place
Salmas
A town set back from Lake Kabudhan, with many boats crossing the lake, and with towns and pastures around it… - Place
Salonik (Thessaloniki)
A large city, populous on land and sea, on a small gulf; twenty-five miles to Randhina, with busy markets, in… - Place
Salūnī
A city; the author gives fifty miles east of Fārūy and sixty miles to Rūdhistū. - Place
Samandar
A city on a creek reached from Qashmir, with much grain and rice, about thirty miles from Kanja. - Place
Samandar (Caspian)
Once a great city built by Anushirwan with trees, vines and fields beyond description; the Rus tribe later… - Place
Samangan
A town at the foot of a mountain from which silver is gathered, two stages from Taliqan. - Place
Samannud
A town in the Egyptian Delta on the Nile, which Ibn Battuta mentions on his way to Cairo. - Place
Samarqand
Samarqand, the great city of Sughd; Sa'id ibn Uthman besieged it under oath not to stir till it opened, lost… - Place
Samarra
City on the Tigris founded in 836 CE as the Abbasid capital, with the Great Mosque and its spiral minaret. - Place
Samasta
An estate-village about two miles from the main Nile, populated and with sugar-cane fields producing sugar… - Place
Samna
A town in Tajuwi land on the Nubian border. Travellers report that a governor sent by the Nubian king burned… - Place
سميساط
- Place
Samqanda
A pleasant town on the bank of the Nile, eight days from Saghmara and nine from Ghurbil. - Place
Samura
Chief town of the Jalaliqa realm, praised for its walls; al-Nasir's host of a hundred thousand met king… - Place
Sana'a
Capital of Yemen, an early centre of Islam in the south of Arabia with a UNESCO-listed old city and a very… - Place
Sanasa Island
An island facing Tarighyawqan with a well that, according to report, sends out burning fire which at times… - Place
Sanbat
A populated town with trade and profit on the western bank of the Nile, which al-Idrisi describes as wealthy… - Place
Sandan
A large, civilised city of wealthy travelling merchants with broad land, many fields, palms and coconuts; an… - Place
Sandi Fulat
A large island with fresh water, crops and rice, ruled by a king named Zanbad, whose people wear cloth wraps.… - Place
Sanf island
An island near the coast a few miles from Qumar, where the best kind of oud is found. It has cattle,… - Place
Sanitriyya
A small town on the edge of the desert, with a pulpit, Berbers and settled Arabs. It drinks from few wells… - Place
Saqifa of Banu Sa'ida
The roofed hall of Banu Sa'ida where the Ansar met after the Prophet's death and Abu Bakr was acclaimed;… - Place
Sarajevo
Bosnian city founded by the Ottomans in the 15th century, with the 16th-century Gazi Husrev-beg Mosque. - Place
Sarakhs
Sarakhs of Khurasan; fought by Ibn Khazim till its marzban Zadhuya truced on a hundred men's aman and the… - Place
Sarandib
A large island in the Indian Ocean ruled by a very wealthy king. The author says it has gems, rubies and… - Place
Sardinia
A large island of many mountains and mines, with a populous city in its south and silver deposits; al-Idrisi… - Place
Sarfand
A place on the coast, twenty miles from the preceding point along the shore, with some settlement. - Place
Sariya
A Tabaristan town; Yazid ibn al-Muhallab raided it with Jilan on his way to Dihistan. - Place
al-Sarja
A small town on the Yemeni coast, inhabited by a group of the Awlad al-Halbi, who are Yemeni merchants most… - Place
Sarqusta (Zaragoza)
A city of the Arnit district of al-Andalus, named by al-Idrisi with Wasqa and Tutaila, in the north-east of… - Place
Sarwan
A small town with broad land, farms and districts, and many vineyards, lying some distance from Bust. - Place
Satrudan
An Azerbaijani tract holding the Satrudan Kurds, covered by the no-exposure clause of Hudhayfa's treaty with… - Place
Sawa
a Jibal city; in al-Baladhuri, where Layla al-Akhyaliyya died and was buried on her way to al-Hajjaj's Rayy… - Place
Sawandra
Sawandra of Sind; its folk won aman on hosting and guiding the Muslims — Muslims today. - Place
Sawār
A town near Bulghār with wooden buildings, where its people take shelter. - Place
Sawdhali (Awdhali)
The dynastic title of a tribe and a district of about 2,000 square kilometres and 10,000 inhabitants in the… - Place
Sawl
A large village with markets, palms and fruit, at the mouth of the canal called Khalij al-Manha. The author… - Place
Ṣawnū
A city of the Magians on the coast; the author gives seventy miles from Madsūna. - Place
al-Sawsaqan
A place of many gardens and pleasant spaces, with running water and orchards, twelve miles from Marw. - Place
Sayala
A halt on the pilgrim road about thirty-four miles from al-Ruwaytha, with sweet drinking water. - Place
Sayda (Sidon)
A city on the salt sea named after a woman of pre-Islamic times, cheap, ringed by orchards and trees, where a… - Place
Sayhad
The great waste of Yemen also called al-Gha'it — al-Hamdani traces it branching off the Dahna by the Yamama… - Place
al-Sayla
A civilised city with standing markets and permanent buildings on the sea coast, on the left as one enters… - Place
al-Saymara
city of Mihrajanqadhaf; in al-Baladhuri taken by al-Sa'ib ibn al-Aqra' on Abu Musa's mission — blood spared,… - Place
Sayumur
A handsome city of fine buildings with coconut palms and a fragrant plant carried to every land. - Place
Setif
A large, populous fortress two stages south of Bijaya, with fruit trees of many kinds and fragrant produce… - Place
Seville
Spanish city known in Arabic as Ishbiliya, a major city of al-Andalus and a capital under the Almohads. - Place
Sfax
A city on the Tunisian coast, which Ibn Battuta mentions on his way to Tripoli. - Place
Shabra
A bright village about five miles from its neighbour, where al-Idrisi says a famous fine honey is made. - Place
Shabrūna
A large, important city with many resources, busy markets and streets, tall houses and fertile land; the… - Place
Shabwa
An old Himyarite city between Bayhan and Hadramawt with a salt mountain whose second ridge belonged to… - Place
Shadhkhu
A city on the eastern sea, four stages from Baja and nine from Bashhiyar, with a further stretch of four… - Place
al-Shadhrawan
A great dam built in front of Tustar in the water channel by Sasanian rulers, faced with stone; al-Idrisi… - Place
Shahdhurūj
A notable, populous city in the middle of a large island in a lake, with markets and crafts; the author… - Place
Shahrazur
A city on Iraq's upper flank toward the mountain; Uzra ibn Qays failed at it and Utba ibn Farqad took it… - Place
Shakar
A mountain of the people of Jurash in Yemen where Surad ibn Abdullah al-Azdi turned on his pursuers and… - Place
Shama
A small town in Zaghawa country, like a large village. Most of its people moved to Kawkaw, sixteen stages… - Place
Shamil island
A populated island at the far end of the Sanf sea, four days from the coastal city of Sanf. Many people live… - Place
Shamkur (al-Mutawakkiliyya)
an ancient city of Arran taken by Salman's man, ruined by the Sawardiyya, then rebuilt by Bugha mawla of… - Place
Shansha
A handsome town of many trees and farms with abundant produce, lying on the way down toward al-Buhat. - Place
Shant Yaqub (Santiago)
A great church visited by Christians from every side, fine in build and wide in its courts, with much gold… - Place
Shantmariyya (Santa Maria)
A medium-sized town on the Atlantic coast with a harbour the tide enters, where ships come and go; about… - Place
Shantara
Xativa — whose wheat and barley, says Ibn al-Yasa', are reaped forty days after sowing and whose apples span… - Place
Shantuf
A town at the point where the Nile divides into two arms; two great canals leave from there and run to Tinnis… - Place
Shaqif Arnun (Beaufort)
Beaufort castle above the Litani in the Tiberias district — taken by Farrukhshah in 578, handed back to the… - Place
al-Shaqqa (Sciacca)
A town on the sea coast with wide open ground, which in al-Idrisi's time was the mother of the districts,… - Place
Shaqr
A town of fine ground with many people, on the main road, about three stages from Valencia. - Place
Shaqubiyya (Segovia)
Joined villages rather than a city; its people ride horses, the buildings are close together, the people are… - Place
Sharham
A notable, civilised city with building and construction, on the sea; the author gives sixty miles from… - Place
Sharma
A town on the Yemeni coast, one day from Lasa, with hot springs like those of Lasa. - Place
Sharshal (Cherchel)
The ancient city facing Milyana on the mid-western coast, said to be the ship-seizing king's own; al-Umari… - Place
Shatiba (Xàtiva)
A town whose beauty and strength are proverbial, where fine paper is made and shipped to East and West;… - Place
Shatt Uthman
Shatt Uthman at Basra — Uthman ibn Abi al-As al-Thaqafi bought it from Caliph Uthman for his Ta'if money, or,… - Place
Shi'b Abi Talib
A ravine at Mecca where Banu Hashim and Banu al-Muttalib, believers and unbelievers alike, were confined with… - Place
Shibam
A city in the Hadramawt land, with another town about one stage away. Both lie along the route inland from… - Place
Shikla (Sciacca)
One of the finest fortresses, on the best ground, populous and rich, with gardens bearing every fruit and a… - Place
Shiltish
A town on an island about a mile long, without a wall or enclosure, with a market and an ironworking trade… - Place
Shimshat (Arsamosata)
Shimshat (Arsamosata) — the fourth Armenia — of the Jaziran frontier; Habib ibn Maslama al-Fihri and Safwan… - Place
Shiraz
A city in southern Iran, birthplace of the poets Sa'di and Hafez, and a centre of learning and literature. - Place
al-Shirjan
al-Shirjan, chief city of Kirman; Mujashi' ibn Mas'ud took it by storm after days of siege and a horse-sally,… - Place
Shirusan
A large city with many springs and streams; its people have a modest living, and its trade and goods are good. - Place
Shirwan
Shirwan of the Caucasian lands beyond Arran; Qubadh's general trod what lay between the river al-Rass and… - Place
Shirwin Mountains
The Shirwin mountains of Tabaristan — its most impregnable and hardest, thickest in jungle and thicket —… - Place
Shuman
Shuman of Khurasan; opened by al-Mufaddal ibn al-Muhallab in his governorship. - Place
Shunayl
A fine town with a wonderfully built bridge, busy markets, standing shops and gardens, about thirty-five… - Place
Shūzās
A large, populous city with fine markets, settled houses and many vineyards and trees; the author gives… - Place
Sibiba
An ancient city with a strong stone wall and a suburb of markets, watered by a large running spring that… - Place
Sierra Nevada (Shilir)
The snowy mountain called Shilir; the author says it is two days long, holds snow in winter and summer, and… - Place
Siffin
A plain on the Euphrates in northern Syria where Muawiya camped first and cut the water from Ali's army; Ali… - Place
Sijilmasa
A desert town near the Lamtuna lands and the caravan route to Sudan. About forty days by caravan from Sala… - Place
Sijistan
a province; in al-Baladhuri, whose king honored the fugitive Yazdgard until asked for kharaj he feigned… - Place
Sīkla
A large city on low ground, with well-set quarters and busy markets, which the author places at the centre of… - Place
Sila
Al-Sila — the gold-rich land beyond China - Place
Salābars
A notable city on the east bank of a river that flows to the sea; the author gives sixty miles by land from… - Place
Silves
Silves (Shalb) — capital of the Kura of Ossonoba in western al-Andalus, 'a fine seat with towns and… - Place
Siminjan
Siminjan of Tukharistan; alone of its lands it resisted Qays ibn al-Haytham's march and was besieged and… - Place
al-Sind
al-Sind, India's seaboard; Hakim ibn Jabala's verdict to Uthman — scant water, worthless fruit, a trifling… - Place
Sindabur
A city on a large creek where ships anchor, with buildings and a good trade. - Place
Sindan
Sindan on India's coast; al-Fadl ibn Mahan's conquest and Muslim seat with its caliph-praising jami' — his… - Place
Sinis
A town near the sea, where al-Idrisi says a product called al-Sinizi is made; nothing equals it in quality.… - Place
Siniyyat al-Sin
A city matched by none in size and building, to which merchants gather from every land; the great king of… - Place
Sinjar
A town in northern Iraq on the Jazira road, which Ibn Battuta passed through on his way from Nasibin to Mosul. - Place
Sinn Sumayra
an eastern turret of the Jibal where the raiding Muslims sheltered; named for Sumayra, a Dubba woman of the… - Place
Sicily
In al-Baladhuri: an island in the sea first raided by Mu'awiya ibn Khudayj al-Kindi in Mu'awiya ibn Abi… - Place
Siqlāw
A large, fine city with buildings and markets on the bank of a river; the author says its land has deposits… - Place
Siraf
Siraf on Fars's coast; in one telling its Surayanj fort is where the Muslim slave's arrow-aman was written,… - Place
Sirjan
A fortified city built of stone for lack of timber, where governors and officials stay; its wealthy people… - Place
Sirt
A town on sandy ground two miles from the sea, with remnants of palms but no olives and many figs; its wells… - Place
Sirwah
Capital of the Sabaean mukarribs in the centuries before 650 BCE in al-Raheeq al-Makhtum's reckoning; its… - Place
the Sisajan
of the first Armenia's lands; its people fought Habib ibn Maslama, who routed them, took Ways and compounded… - Place
Sisar
the Jibal city between Hamadhan, al-Dinawar and Adharbayjan; in al-Baladhuri built by Sulayman ibn Qayrat and… - Place
Sisiyan
One of the sixteen cities of the Kimak kings, which al-Idrisi names with Buragh, Manan and Mustanah; twelve… - Place
Siwri Hisar
Town in Anatolia named in the Juha introduction as the birthplace of Nasreddin Hoca; the edition gives it as… - Place
Socotra
A large island with many trees, mostly aloe, which the islanders harvest. Al-Idrisi says its people are… - Place
Sohar
A city on the shore of the Gulf, among the wealthiest in Oman both in the past and in al-Idrisi's day;… - Place
Sousse
A city on the Tunisian coast, which Ibn Battuta passed through on his journey. - Place
Subara
A civilised city about a mile and a half from the sea, a port of India with fisheries and pearl beds; the… - Place
al-Sughd
al-Sughd, the Transoxanian land whose greatest city is Samarqand; its folk joined the Turks, Kish and Nasaf… - Place
Suhaym
A fortified stronghold whose people, according to al-Idrisi, are strong and proud. - Place
Sukh
A town set apart with sixty villages in a single district; mercury is extracted from it. - Place
Sulaymanan
A fine-looking town on the Tigris with much meat and provision. - Place
Sumaysat (Samosata)
Sumaysat (Samosata) on the Euphrates in the Jazira; Iyad sent Safwan ibn al-Mu'attal and Habib ibn Maslama… - Place
Sumba
A fertile island with many crops, grains and birds, and plenty of coconuts. Joined to another populated… - Place
Suq al-Ahad
In al-Baladhuri: a site in Ifriqiya where Harish and his companions were killed after their rout from… - Place
Suq al-Ahwaz
Suq al-Ahwaz, the chief town of al-Ahwaz — al-Mughira ibn Shu'ba raided it, its dahqan Piruz truced on money… - Place
Suq al-Arba'a
A fine town with a famous market that draws people from the district, rich in goods and trade, one stage from… - Place
Suq Asad
Village and market at Kufa; in al-Baladhuri founded by Asad ibn Abdallah al-Qasri, Khalid's brother, who… - Place
Suq Ibrahim
A populated town on the bank of the Shelif river, one stage from Ghazza. - Place
Suq Yusuf
Market at al-Hira; in al-Baladhuri named for Yusuf ibn Umar ibn Muhammad ibn al-Hakam ibn Abi Aqil al-Thaqafi… - Place
Suqmāqiya
A city on a mountain top with farms and resources, run by its elders and chiefs, which the author places east… - Place
Suqūsiyya
A long island north of the large island, without buildings or villages; the author gives its length as one… - Place
Marsa al-Suqya
A populated village on the coast three stages from al-Sirin, serving as a resting place for ships. - Place
Sur
A populated town on the shore of the Gulf in Oman, with fishing and drinking water from wells. - Place
Sur (Lebanon)
A city on the coast with anchorage and departure for ships, walled on three sides. - Place
Suraws
A town on the river Shurya, a river of many benefits rising in the Ashlub mountains and flowing into the lake… - Place
Surqusa (Syracuse)
One of the famous cities of Sicily, visited by merchants from every land; it has two harbours, the northern… - Place
Surraq
Surraq of al-Ahwaz; taken on Ramhurmuz's terms, betrayed, Haritha ibn Badr's army repulsed, and Abdallah ibn… - Place
Sus al-Adna
Sus al-Adna, the province beyond Tangier — some twenty-odd days short of Sus al-Aqsa; Uqba ibn Nafi' roamed… - Place
al-Sus al-Aqsa
In al-Baladhuri: the farthest Sus at the Maghreb's far end; Abd al-Rahman ibn Habib ibn Abi Ubayda ibn Uqba… - Place
Sus (Khuzistan)
A civilised city with every good thing, palms and much sugar cane made into sugar, and known for fruit and… - Place
Susat al-Sin
A famous city in eastern China with continuous buildings, known for Chinese porcelain and embroidered silks. - Place
Suways
Two towns that stood at Qulzum, now mostly in ruins; al-Idrisi says their people drank from the Suways… - Place
Tabala
A small town in the Makkan districts, with flowing springs, many palms and gardens, lying in a hollow among… - Place
Tabaristan
a province; in al-Baladhuri, whose marzban offered its fastness to Yazdgard at Isbahan before he turned aside… - Place
Tabariyya (Tiberias)
The great city of the Jordan, as al-Idrisi calls it, ninety miles from Jerusalem and two light days from Acre. - Place
Tabarmin (Termini)
A lofty town among the old famous forts, with many tuna fisheries; one stage from Messina along the coast. - Place
Tabarqa
A harbour on the coast seventy miles from Banzart, which Andalusian ships visit. - Place
al-Tabas
A city with palms and mud-brick buildings, drinking from water brought in from outside, on the edge of the… - Place
Tabna
A city of abundant water, orchards, crops and cotton, with crafts and trade; two stages from al-Musayla. - Place
Tabriz
A city in northwestern Iran; it was the Ilkhanid capital, then an early Safavid capital. - Place
Tabuk
Town in northwest Arabia, the furthest point of the Prophet's expedition of 630 CE toward the Byzantine… - Place
Tadla
A town of many buildings, on a busy caravan route, whose people grow much cotton that is carried to every… - Place
Tadlis
A fortified city on a height with a strong wall, houses and gardens; prices and food are cheap there. Four… - Place
Tadmur (Palmyra)
The desert city between Iraq and Sham, six days from Damascus side, counted by al-Umari among the famous… - Place
Tahart
A city four stages from the sea which, in the past, was two large towns, one old and walled on a hilltop. - Place
Tahirt
In al-Baladhuri: a Maghreb city near which Muhammad ibn al-Aghlab ibn Ibrahim founded in year 239 a city he… - Place
Ta'if
Hill town southeast of Mecca, visited by the Prophet in 619 CE and besieged in 630 CE. - Place
Tajwa
The seat of the land of the Tajuwi, a people the author describes as Magian. Their land borders Nubia.… - Place
Takrur
A city south of the Nile, about two days from Sala, larger and busier than Sala. Merchants from the far… - Place
Talabira (Talavera)
A city on the bank of the Tagus, which al-Idrisi calls the most handsome of the lands, with well-arranged… - Place
al-Talaqan
al-Talaqan of Khurasan; taken by sulh under al-Ahnaf after the Tukharistan battle. - Place
Tamalma
A small town in the land of Kawar on a small hill within a rugged mountain. It has palms and livestock, no… - Place
Tamdafus
A small ruined town, with part of its wall standing, ancient remains and stone idols; eighteen miles east of… - Place
Tamisa
A Tabaristan town; Sa'id ibn al-As took it in the 29 AH raid with the village of Namna. - Place
Tana
Tana, an Indian seaboard post; raided from Uman under Uthman ibn Abi al-As — Umar's rebuke: 'you set worms… - Place
Tana (India)
A coastal town on a large creek entered by ships, whose land yields cane and chalk-like product carried to… - Place
Tanes
An ancient city on the salt sea, on a plain, drinking from a spring, one stage from Baja. - Place
Tanīsbur
A fine city rich in produce on the south bank of the river Tisia; the author gives four stages from… - Place
Tangier
Tangier, the far-Maghreb city on the sea; Musa ibn Nusayr opened it in his governorship of Ifriqiya and… - Place
Mount Tantana
A mountain around which the Azqar pasture; springs and grazing lie at its foot. The author reports a good… - Place
Tanuma
A populated island with fresh water, rice and coconuts, and a pearl-diving ground. Oud and camphor grow… - Place
Taqarart
A handsome, populous town, more densely settled than the Banu Ziyad lands, about ten miles from Meknes. - Place
Tripoli (Libya)
City on Libya's Mediterranean coast, one of the principal cities of the Islamic Maghrib, distinguished from… - Place
Tripoli (al-Gharb)
A fortified city with a wall of white stone, handsome streets and well-made markets, with olives, figs, palms… - Place
Tripoli (al-Sham)
A great city with a strong wall, rich in olives, fruit and grains; al-Idrisi describes it as a stronghold of… - Place
Taranda (Taranta)
Taranda (Taranta), a fortress lying in Byzantine country three stages from Malatya; the Muslims settled it… - Place
Ṭarawiyā
A populous city in the inner land of the Qumans; the author gives one hundred miles south of Ṣalāw. - Place
al-Tarband
al-Tarband, the Shash king's seat; from it he answered Sughd's summons with his fighters, and Qutayba broke… - Place
Tarfa
An estate-village with palaces some distance from the main Nile, populated and with sugar-cane fields. Sugar… - Place
Tarifa
The city on the Strait named for Tarif — Musa ibn Nusayr's Berber client who raided the coast with Julian of… - Place
Tarighyawqan
A city on the sea facing the island of Sanasa, on a salt-water channel, six stages from Qatighura. - Place
Tarim
A great city of Hadramawt in al-Hamdani's register of the valley's towns, listed after Shabwa and before… - Place
Tarir
An Azerbaijani town, once a village with a crumbling old palace, settled by Mu'awiya ibn Amr al-Mawsili… - Place
Tarjinis
A stronghold overlooking the district, with continuous farms and buildings, a populated and overlooking rise;… - Place
Tarnit (Taranto)
A large, ancient and fine city with markets, merchants and travellers, from which ships take cargo; it has a… - Place
Tarraqona (Tarragona)
A strong, well-defended city with a marble wall and a few Romans; fifty miles from Tortosa in al-Idrisi's… - Place
Tarsus
Tarsus, greatest city of the Syrian marches; it lay in ruins after its people's evacuation in the conquest… - Place
Tarudant
A city in Sus al-Aqsa surrounded by many villages, with varied fruit and sugar cane; al-Idrisi praises the… - Place
Tasawa
A town in Fezzan near Jarma, with wells and palms. The author notes a silver mine on a mountain some three… - Place
Tashmis
A great town once full of markets and profit, on the Safdad river about a mile from the sea; wars wore it… - Place
Tawara
A civilised, populous town with markets, abundant produce and fruit, and water passing through its houses. - Place
al-Tawawis
A populous town inside the walls of Bukhara, with the largest pulpit in the district, visited by people and… - Place
Tawda
A town that once stood on its own; the Masmuda destroyed its walls, and later people resettled it and farmed… - Place
Tawrat
A large, populated village whose people drink from springs dug in a valley that comes down from the mountains. - Place
Tawwaj
Tawwaj of Ardashir-Khurra's land in Fars; opened by al-Hakam — or Uthman — ibn Abi al-As in 19h, its mosques… - Place
Tayma
A populated fortress and ancient settlement with a rushing spring and many palms, three days from the… - Place
al-Tha'labiyya
A desert town where caravans gather, which al-Idrisi lists among the stops on the road between Kufa and the… - Place
Thābūn
A fortified city on a mountain top with much fertility, in the land of the Bulghars, with the mountain Qūqāyā… - Place
Thaniyyat al-Mirar
A mountain pass on the road from Medina to Mecca, near Jabal al-Marar, which pilgrims took on their way to… - Place
Thaniyyat al-Wada
A mountain pass overlooking Medina trodden by anyone bound for Mecca, in the editors' reckoning; the Prophet… - Place
Thara Island
A small island off Subara, with a few palms. - Place
Thinkh
A fortified town in Tibet with a stone wall and a single gate, with much trade with its neighbours. - Place
Tibet
The land of Tibet, linked to al-Khuttal and Wakhsh; its people trade in iron, silver and the Tibetan musk,… - Place
Tifash
An old city built of stone and lime with a running spring; its main crop is barley; one stage from al-Arbus. - Place
Tiflis
on the Kura in the district of Jurzan al-Qirmiz; Habib ibn Maslama wrote its people a peace securing selves,… - Place
Tihama
A low coastal land between the Red Sea and the mountains of Yemen, running from the Qulzum coast to Aden in… - Place
Tikrit
Town on the Tigris; in al-Baladhuri raided by al-Nusayr and Hudhayfa ibn Mihsan after the Day of the Bridge,… - Place
Tilmila
A small town of Kawar, one day from Ibzar, with little water and few palms but good dates. Its alum mine is… - Place
Timbuktu
A city in Mali on the edge of the desert; it was a centre of Islamic learning in the Middle Ages and holds… - Place
Tinbagh
The chief city of the Taghazghaz Turks, a great walled city; al-Idrisi says its people are Magians who… - Place
Tinjas
A small town with an earthen wall, drinking from springs, with abundant crops; one stage from al-Arbus. - Place
Tinnis
Tinnis, a lower-Egypt city; Amr ibn al-As sent Umayr ibn Wahb al-Jumahi to it with Dimyat, Tuna, Damira,… - Place
Tiqyus
A town about twenty miles from al-Hamma, with fine tender vegetables and crops. - Place
al-Tirmidh
al-Tirmidh on the Jayhun; the Khatun's sulh won from Sa'id ibn Uthman sitting on it, then its king's shelter… - Place
Tirqa
A large city with many people, without walls or enclosure. It obeys the ruler of Ghana, who hears its… - Place
Titlus
A populous city on the river to the east, with wealthy people and herds, bordering the land of Isqalūniya. - Place
Tizanabadh
Estate in the Sawad; in al-Baladhuri granted by Uthman to al-Ash'ath ibn Qays al-Kindi. - Place
Tlemcen
Algerian city, capital of the Zayyanid kingdom (1235-1554) and a centre of Maghrebi scholarship. - Place
Tortosa
A strong city on a mountain slope with a sturdy wall, where large ships are built from the pine timber of its… - Place
Tournai
A well-built, civilised city in the land of Lubān with districts, villages and settlements; the author gives… - Place
Transoxiana
Historic region of Central Asia between the Amu Darya and Syr Darya rivers, a major centre of Islamic… - Place
Trapani
A town on the west coast of Sicily, mentioned by Ibn Jubayr on his sea route. - Place
Ṭrābazanda
A fine city on the coast that was once a trading centre and destination for merchants; the author gives nine… - Place
طرابلس الشام
- Place
Kura of Tudmir
The south-eastern kura of al-Andalus named for its lord Tudmir, its capital Orihuela; wholly taken by treaty… - Place
Tughma
A large city from which many goods are shipped and many trades are supplied; eight stages from Siniyyat… - Place
Tughūrā
A medium-sized city with ample buildings on a mountain; the author gives six stages from Suqmāqiya. - Place
Tuha
A well-known town below al-Ushmunayn, famous for woollen hangings and blankets named after it. The author… - Place
Tukha
A populous city where the Tukhi silk garments are made, six days from Isqiriya. - Place
Tukharistan
A region south of Balkh, whose towns include Khulm, Samangan, Baghlan and Talaqan, linked to Badakhshan. - Place
Tukra
A large palace on the road, with cultivated land around it; two stages from Qafiz. - Place
Toledo
Toledo, the Gothic capital of al-Andalus on the Tagus; Tariq ibn Ziyad took it and seized there the great… - Place
Tulmaytha
A good fortress with a wall, ten miles from Qumanis. - Place
Tumushkat
Tumushkat beyond the river; campaigned by Qutayba with Karminiya in 88h and brought to sulh. - Place
Tunin
A village at the start of a broad plain that takes two stages to cross, inhabited by Berber tribes. - Place
Tunis
Capital of Tunisia, passed through by Ibn Battuta on his journey from the Maghrib to the East. The book… - Place
Tunkat
A large city, the capital of Ilaq, with two strong walls, many gates and markets; water runs through its… - Place
Turshiz
A city of the Nishapur district, populated, walled and ditched, with gardens and trade; two stages from… - Place
Tarūbī
A city in the land of the Rus, which the author mentions on the road between Zāqa and Ghalīsiya. - Place
Tus
Tus of Khurasan; its marzban Kanazbak compounded it with Ibn Amir at six hundred thousand dirhams. - Place
Tustar
In al-Baladhuri: a town where Jaban massed in a great host; Khalid sent al-Muthanna ibn Haritha and Hanzala… - Place
Tutus
Tutus, a town of Ifriqiya; Zuhayr ibn Qays al-Balawi opened it in his governorship for Abd al-Aziz ibn… - Place
Tuwaran
A fortified city with gardens and open spaces, capital of a valley of fields and buildings, near Fahraj in… - Place
Tuyuyn
A town in the Sus lands, with vineyards, trees and many kinds of fruit, between Tarudant and the other… - Place
Ubda (Ubeda)
A small town near the great river, between Jayyan and Basta, with fertile land and useful crops. - Place
Ubeda
A small city near the great river, seven miles east of Baeza, with farms and large crops of wheat and barley. - Place
al-Ubulla
al-Ubulla, Basra's port on the Tigris; Suwayd ibn Qutba helped Khalid ibn al-Walid fight its people when he… - Place
Udhayb
A stage on the route from Jidda, at the foot of a mountain, with a well. - Place
Mount Uhud
Mountain just north of Medina, below which the Battle of Uhud was fought in 625 CE. - Place
Ujj
A town on the bank of Lake Buruan, drinking from the lake, with markets and crafts sufficient for its needs;… - Place
Ukbara
Town on the Tigris; in al-Baladhuri its people were safe-conducted by al-Nusayr and brought food and fodder… - Place
Ullays
In al-Baladhuri: a Sawad town — one copy reads al-Lays — against which a great host came out, met by… - Place
Umm Rabi'
A large river running over rocks and boulders, crossed by boats, with the village of Umm Rabi' on its bank;… - Place
Uqbat al-Jarud
Uqbat al-Jarud, the pass between Jarra and Shiraz — al-Jarud al-Abdi lagged at dawn for a need with his… - Place
Ur
A town on the west bank of the Euphrates near Kufa, the origin of Ibrahim, ancestor of the Arabized Arabs, in… - Place
Uriyula (Orihuela)
A town on a river the boats enter, with a fortified citadel, markets and estates; twenty miles from the sea… - Place
Urmiya
An ancient city of Azerbaijan which the Magians claim as their prophet Zarathustra's home; Sadaqa ibn Ali ibn… - Place
Urusht
Urusht of Farghana; opened by Salih ibn Muslim, breached, and last retaken by Nuh ibn Asad under al-Mansur. - Place
Usfan
A village on the road from Medina to Makkah, near Khulays, mentioned by Ibn Battuta and Ibn Jubayr on their… - Place
Ush
A fine town on the bank of a river with a strong wall joined to the city wall and a fine citadel, on the… - Place
Ushrusana
Ushrusana beyond the river between Samarqand and al-Shash; campaigned by Qutayba ibn Muslim. - Place
Uyun al-Taff (the Taff Springs)
Springs on the Sawad's fringe — Ayn al-Sayd, al-Qutqutana, al-Ruhayma, Ayn Jamal and their sisters; in… - Place
Uzayn
Uzayn in Hind; raided by al-Junayd's armies with al-Maliba and Baharmad, whose suburbs they burned. - Place
Valencia
Valencia, the great city of eastern al-Andalus; held for the Almoravids by the qadi Ibn Jahhaf, taken by… - Place
Velez-Malaga
Velez-Malaga — first of the east-Malaga cities to fall in the final war; it went over to the captive sultan's… - Place
The Venetian gulf (Adriatic)
One of two gulfs branching from the Syrian sea. It starts east of Calabria near Adrat, runs north along the… - Place
Vera
A city that was famous before Almeria; its people moved to Almeria, which grew while Vera declined, leaving… - Place
Vlora (Awlonya, Valona)
A town of southern Albania on the bay of the same name, called Aulon in antiquity and Awlonya by the… - Place
The land of Wabar
The lost land in the sands of 'Alij where Wabar's people perished — in the tellers' account once earth's most… - Place
Wadan
A land of palm groves stretching west and north. The author says it was once thickly settled, but after Islam… - Place
Waddan
A place between Makkah and Medina, near al-Abwa', twenty-nine miles from Rabigh on the Medina side; the… - Place
Wadi al-Alaqi
A valley in Beja land with many people, to which the Upper Egyptians and the Beja come. It has sweet wells,… - Place
Wadi al-Allaki (gold valley in Lower Nubia)
Wadi al-Allaki, a valley in Lower Nubia between the Nile and the Red Sea coast, 62 miles south of Aswan. In… - Place
Wadi al-Falaj
A valley carried by the al-Falaj river, two days' journey across the desert from Mahar, with two small… - Place
Wadi al-Hijara
A strong, pleasant town with fine markets and buildings, a congregational mosque, and a small river to its… - Place
Wadi al-Mushaqqaq
A valley on the Prophet's road back from Tabuk holding a little water that issued from a trickle. - Place
Wadi al-Qura
A valley of villages north of Medina on the Syrian road; Zayd ibn Haritha fought Banu Fazara there twice,… - Place
Wadi Ash (Guadix)
A medium-sized town with a ring of walls and a small year-round stream running through it, on the road about… - Place
Wadi Barhut
A fire-vent of Hadramawt and the Shihr lands, named among the earth's atmas — springs of fire welling from… - Place
Wadi Hunayn
A deep, hollow valley in the Tihama lowlands between Mecca and Ta'if with narrow gorges where the Hawazin… - Place
Wadi Muhassir
A valley between Mina and Muzdalifa. Al-Azraqi reports that the distance from the Jamrat al-Aqaba to Wadi… - Place
Wahran
A city on the coast with a well-built earthen wall, set markets and crafts; it faces Almeria on the… - Place
Wajah
A Tabaristan fortress where Jurjan's marzban fortified against Yazid, ringed by thickets and jungle; seven… - Place
Walashjird
A small, populous and densely built town on the Hormuz road, one stage from Mughun. - Place
Wālba
A self-sufficient, populous city on a river; the author gives four stages south of Tanīsbur. - Place
The Waq Waq islands
A chain of islands which al-Idrisi says connects with the Sila islands, beyond which no one knows. He reports… - Place
Wargla
A town the author places thirty-one stages from Awdaghast. He says the Zaghawa bring wheat to it from there,. - Place
Warthan
An Azerbaijani bridge-town like the Wahsh and Arshaf bridges of Babak's days; Marwan ibn Muhammad built and… - Place
Washjird
A town of good size with many prosperous people, known for much saffron, the best crop of its district. - Place
Washqa (Huesca)
A fine civilised city with a wall and markets, standing and busy, fifty miles from Sarqusta. - Place
Wasit
A garrison city founded by al-Hajjaj in year 83 or 84; in al-Baladhuri he built its mosque, palace and Green… - Place
Ways
a fortress in the Sisajan built by Anushirwan, taken by Habib ibn Maslama after he routed the land's people. - Place
Wazan
Wazan on the Sijistan road; its folk fled before Ibn Samura, who took it. - Place
Western Wall (al-Buraq wall)
The Western Wall of the Haram al-Sharif in Jerusalem, called al-Buraq wall by Muslims and the Wailing Wall by… - Place
Xi'an
A Chinese city that was the ancient capital of China and the end of the Silk Road; its Great Mosque dates its… - Place
Yafa (Jaffa)
A town on the Mediterranean coast about twenty miles from Ramla, with a harbour. - Place
Yalal
A town with good farmland and thriving crops, one stage from al-Mu'askar. - Place
Yanbu
Red Sea port on the Hejaz coast, long the port of Medina. - Place
The Yarmuk
A river between Filastin and al-Urdunn on whose banks the great battle of the Yarmuk was fought in Rajab year… - Place
Yazd
A populous city of low prices, about thirty miles east of Kath, on the edge of a desert that joins the… - Place
Yemen
The southwest corner of Arabia, homeland of the Qahtani Arabs and seat of the successive Sabaean, Himyarite,… - Place
Zabid
Yemeni coastal town, a centre of Islamic learning in the later Middle Ages and a UNESCO World Heritage site… - Place
Zabil
Zabil of Sijistan; taken by compact with Bust under Abd al-Rahman ibn Samura. - Place
Zabulistan
Zabulistan, the land south of Kabul and Sijistan; taken by Ibn Samura after its people broke, with captives —… - Place
Zafar
Once the capital of Yahsub and home to the famous Rayban palace, it is now largely in ruins, with a few of… - Place
Zafar, capital of Yakhsub
A city that was Zafar, capital of Yakhsub in Yemen. Al-Idrisi mentions it in his account of distances from… - Place
Zafar (Yemen coast)
A city on the coast of the Indian Ocean, the last of Yemen's lands on this coast according to Ibn Battuta,… - Place
Zaghawa
A town with many people, surrounded by Zaghawa tribes who herd camels. Their water comes from wells and their… - Place
Zaghul
Zaghul of Marw al-Rudh at al-Shawsa; there al-Muhallab died returning from Kish and Nasaf, his illness begun… - Place
Zaila
A city on the coast of Abyssinia, on the sea that joins the Red Sea. Many people live there and ships bring… - Place
Zala
A town with a strong fortress, nine days from a place called Marat, eight days from Wadan and ten from… - Place
Zaliq
Zaliq, the Sijistan fortress five farsakhs from the capital; raided by al-Rabi' on Mihrjan, its dahqan… - Place
al-Zalqan
A city some distance from Bust, with a wall, markets, running water, palms and vineyards; similar in size to… - Place
Zam
A town nearly as large as Amul, with buildings, fields, trade and crafts, on the road of travellers to… - Place
Zamakhir
A city on the west bank of the Nile, above the mouth of the al-Manhi branch. The author describes it as well… - Place
Zamin
A populous, strong town with a wall, twenty-seven miles from Samarqand. - Place
Zandaward
In al-Baladhuri: a town of Kaskar — one copy reads Zandarud — which Khalid ibn al-Walid passed and opened on… - Place
Zanjan
A town in Qazwin's marches; al-Bara' ibn Azib took it by force after Qazwin's treaty and his raids on Daylam,… - Place
Zanzibar
An island off the East African coast, an Islamic trading centre of Swahili culture; the Sultanate of Oman… - Place
Zāqa
A city in the land of the Rus; the author gives one hundred and eighty miles to Turūbī. - Place
Zarand
A town on the edge of the great desert, with fertility, farming and tanneries, where the Zarandi linings are… - Place
Zaranj
Zaranj, the great city of Sijistan; besieged by al-Rabi' ibn Ziyad its marzban Aparwiz truced for a thousand… - Place
Zarud
Zarud and Raml Zarud are two sites on the Iraqi road at the end of al-Harra, on the left of the road.… - Place
Zawāda
A large city with much building; the author says the land is known through it, and gives a distance to Alba. - Place
Zawila
Zawila, a town of the Maghreb between Barqa and Fazzan; Uqba ibn Nafi' al-Fihri reached it in his first… - Place
Zibatra
Zibatra, an old Roman fortress of the frontier; Habib ibn Maslama took it with the old fortress of al-Hadath… - Place
Zifta
A large village adjoining Shantuf, fifteen miles from Shalaqan, with a market serving the villages around it. - Place
Zubala
Once a town, now neither a city nor a fortress; a halt where travellers on the Hijaz road rest. - Place
Zuwayla
A town north of Wadan. The author says it was named after the man who built it and settled there with his… - Place
al-Zuzan
A town with busy markets, fine and strong, three stages from Qayn. - Polity
Kingdom of Castile
Draft card for the Kingdom of Castile, the Christian kingdom that was al-Andalus's greatest counterpart —… - Polity
Indonesia
A country in Southeast Asia: an archipelago of 17,508 islands by the book's count, about 238 million people,…