The Mushaf
The full Qur'an for continuous reading, surah by surah — from the frozen Tanzil text, every verse a door to its museum page.The Hadith Library
The hadith collections in the museum: browse each work by book and report, and from every report to its page with its chain and links.The Poetry Anthology
The poems and verse pieces documented in the museum, arranged under their poets — every poem a page with its occasion, context and links.Revelation and history
Read the Quran in the order it was revealed, beside the events. Each row is one sura in its order of revelation, with the museum events the tradition links to it.Surah maps
Every surah as an interactive map: its stations and themes, verse by verse, from beginning to end.
† Hijri date derived by computation from the Gregorian/Julian date; it may differ from the transmitted date by a day or two.
- Concept
Kalim and kalam (word classes and utterance)
Sibawayh opens the Kitab by dividing the word (kalim) into three kinds, noun, verb and particle, each… - Concept
Tasbih and taqdis (glorifying and sanctifying God)
Sha'rawi holds that tasbih is declaring God far from anything unfitting to His majesty, and taqdis is… - Concept
Whispering (al-waswasa)
Sha'rawi holds that Satan's whisper seeks disobedience by any means, while the whisper of the self wants one… - Concept
The word as a trust (amanat al-kalima)
The word is a trust with a weight that can raise or lower its speaker. Sheikh Omar Abdelkafy surveys its… - Concept
Badj
BADJ is the Arabicised form of the Persian bäsh from the Islamic period. The phrase bazh u säw is not… - Concept
Fath between the people (judgment)
In Rida's reading, fath in Shu'ayb's prayer means judgment and decision between two sides. He reports a… - Concept
Fisq (going out of God's law)
Sha'rawi holds that fisq originally means the date leaving its skin, and that the religion took the word as a… - Concept
Hija' (satire and insult in verse: its rules)
Hija', in the lexical sense, is the opposite of praise: it is abuse and enumeration of faults; the word also… - Concept
Al-kharaj bil-daman (yield follows liability)
- Concept
Utterance (lafz), fiqh rulings
Lafz, in lexicon, is to throw out something in one's mouth, and to utter a word is to speak it; in law it is… - Concept
Idle speech (laghw), fiqh rulings
Laghw, in lexicon, has many senses: a fall, what counts for nothing in speech or otherwise, what the heart… - Concept
Blaming and mocking (lamz), rulings
Lamz, in lexicon, is blame in secret, its root being a sign with the eye, head and lip together with a low… - Concept
Laqab (byname), rulings
Laqab, in lexicon, is a name given to a person after his first name, a word praising or blaming him for… - Concept
Language (lughah), fiqh rulings
Lugha, in lexicon, is the tongue: sounds by which each people expresses its aims, a form from lagha, to… - Concept
Speech defect (lukna), fiqh rulings
Lukna, in lexicon, is hesitation and heaviness of the tongue; the man is alkan and the woman lakna, one who… - Concept
Ibn Mas'ud codex
Draft card for Ibn Mas'ud's codex, the Companion's reading differing in order and some rasm; its sources are… - Concept
Mushaf
Draft card for the term mushaf, the Qur'an gathered between two covers, one of its names; its sources are not… - Concept
The name Quran and its two modes: memory and writing
Sha'rawi notes that the word Quran is a verbal noun from qara'a (to read), so its name points to recitation,… - Concept
Qur'anic orthography (rasm)
In Sheikh Omar Abdelkafy's lessons the Sheikh reflects on differences in how some words of the Qur'an are… - Concept
Shabah (resemblance, a ground of analogy in usul)
In language shabah is likeness. The usulis define it as an attribute whose fitness to the ruling is not… - Concept
Surah (a chapter of the Qur'an) and its recitation in prayer
In language surah means rank or height; the technical sense is a distinct portion of the Qur'an with a… - Concept
God teaches Adam the names
Sha'rawi holds that God taught Adam all the names by an inspiration cast into his heart, that language is not… - Concept
Reflection on the Qur'an (tadabbur)
Sheikh Omar Abdelkafy's call to read the Qur'an with reflection, with his readings of the meanings of short… - Concept
Mixing truth with falsehood (talbis al-haqq)
Sha'rawi holds that talbis means putting one thing into another so that the appearance changes, as a garment… - Concept
Tarjama (translation, and speaking in other tongues in worship and law)
Tarjama is conveying speech in another tongue. It differs from tafsir in that it keeps to the amount of the… - Event
Ali's counsel in Umar's judgments
between 634 and 644 CE · 13 AHDuring Umar's caliphate Ali repeatedly corrected or advised the judgments: he stopped the stoning of a woman… - Event
Ali's counsel to Kumayl ibn Ziyad on knowledge and its people
between 656 and 661 CEAli took Kumayl ibn Ziyad by the hand into the open country and counselled him on knowledge: hearts are… - Event
Ali's first sermon after the pledge
c. 656 CE · c. 35 AH† - Event
Ali's judgment on the men who fell into a lion pit in Yemen
631 CE · 10 AHWhile Ali was in Yemen, four men fell one upon another into a pit dug for a lion; the lion killed them, and… - Event
Ali's judgment on three men who lay with one woman in one purity
631 CE · 10 AHThree men lay with one woman in the same purity period in Yemen. Ali asked two at a time whether they claimed… - Event
Letters between Ali and Muawiya after the Camel
36 AHAfter the Camel, Ali wrote to Muawiya urging him to enter the community's allegiance, noting that the… - Event
The forged letter attributed to Uthman
between 655 and 656 CE - Event
The Prophet's request for a writing in his last illness
4 June 632 CE · 8 Rabi' I 11 AHIn his last illness the Prophet asked for a writing that would keep the community from error; those present… - Event
Umar sets the penalty for wine at eighty on Ali's counsel
between 634 and 644 CE · 13 AHWhen wine-drinking spread in the newly conquered lands, Umar took Ali's counsel to flog the drinker eighty… - Language
Amharic
Ethiopia's official language; Abyssinian Muslims wrote in Arabic and Amharic, in one of Islam's earliest… - Language
Arabic
The language of the Qur'an and prayer; spread from Arabia with the Islamic conquests to become the language… - Language
Bengali
Language of Bangladesh and Bengal; among the most-spoken languages by Muslims, with a wide Islamic and folk… - Language
Bosnian
Language of the Bosnian Muslims; among Europe's oldest Muslim languages, written in Ajami and Latin. - Language
Hausa
West Africa's great language; tongue of Islamic markets and broadcasting in Nigeria, Niger and Ghana, long… - Language
Indonesian
Indonesia's national language — the world's largest Muslim-majority country; Malay-based with a large modern… - Language
Kurdish
Language of the Kurds across Iraq, Turkey, Syria and Iran; written in Arabic and Latin scripts with a… - Language
Malay
Language of Malaysia, Brunei and southern Thailand; written in Jawi (Arabic script) for centuries, with a… - Language
Pashto
Language of the Pashtuns in Afghanistan and Pakistan; home to great Sufi poets like Rahman Baba and Khushal… - Language
Persian
A major language of Islamic culture in Iran and Central Asia; the tongue of Sufi poetry — Rumi, Hafez,… - Language
Punjabi
Language of the Punjab; the Sufi verse of Bulleh Shah, Waris Shah and Sultan Bahu, written in Shahmukhi… - Language
Somali
Language of Somalia, Djibouti and eastern Ethiopia; a nearly all-Muslim nation with a rich religious and oral… - Language
Swahili
Language of the East African coast; born at the crossing of trade and Islam, with old religious manuscripts… - Language
Turkish
Language of the Ottoman state; written in Arabic script for six centuries before the 1928 Latin reform, with… - Language
Urdu
The literary language of South Asian Muslims; born in the sultans' camps, it carries Iqbal, Ghalib and… - Passage
Sura 1: Al-Fatiha
Sura 1 of the Qur'an, Al-Fatiha, has 7 verses. - Passage
Sura 10: Yunus
Sura 10 of the Qur'an, Yunus, has 109 verses. - Passage
Sura 100: Al-Adiyat
Sura 100 of the Qur'an, Al-Adiyat, has 11 verses. - Passage
Sura 101: Al-Qari'a
Sura 101 of the Qur'an, Al-Qari'a, has 11 verses. - Passage
Sura 102: At-Takathur
Sura 102 of the Qur'an, At-Takathur, has 8 verses. - Passage
Sura 103: Al-Asr
Sura 103 of the Qur'an, Al-Asr, has 3 verses. - Passage
Sura 104: Al-Humaza
Sura 104 of the Qur'an, Al-Humaza, has 9 verses. - Passage
Sura 105: Al-Fil
Sura 105 of the Qur'an, Al-Fil, has 5 verses. - Passage
Sura 106: Quraysh
Sura 106 of the Qur'an, Quraysh, has 4 verses. - Passage
Sura 107: Al-Ma'un
Sura 107 of the Qur'an, Al-Ma'un, has 7 verses. - Passage
Sura 108: Al-Kawthar
Sura 108 of the Qur'an, Al-Kawthar, has 3 verses. - Passage
Sura 109: Al-Kafirun
Sura 109 of the Qur'an, Al-Kafirun, has 6 verses. - Passage
Sura 11: Hud
Sura 11 of the Qur'an, Hud, has 123 verses. - Passage
Sura 110: An-Nasr
Sura 110 of the Qur'an, An-Nasr, has 3 verses. - Passage
Sura 111: Al-Masad
Sura 111 of the Qur'an, Al-Masad, has 5 verses. - Passage
Sura 112: Al-Ikhlas
Sura 112 of the Qur'an, Al-Ikhlas, has 4 verses. - Passage
Sura 113: Al-Falaq
Sura 113 of the Qur'an, Al-Falaq, has 5 verses. - Passage
Sura 114: An-Nas
Sura 114 of the Qur'an, An-Nas, has 6 verses. - Passage
Sura 12: Yusuf
Sura 12 of the Qur'an, Yusuf, has 111 verses. - Passage
Sura 13: Ar-Ra'd
Sura 13 of the Qur'an, Ar-Ra'd, has 43 verses. - Passage
Sura 14: Ibrahim
Sura 14 of the Qur'an, Ibrahim, has 52 verses. - Passage
Sura 15: Al-Hijr
Sura 15 of the Qur'an, Al-Hijr, has 99 verses. - Passage
Sura 16: An-Nahl
Sura 16 of the Qur'an, An-Nahl, has 128 verses. - Passage
Sura 17: Al-Isra
Sura 17 of the Qur'an, Al-Isra, has 111 verses. - Passage
Sura 18: Al-Kahf
Sura 18 of the Qur'an, Al-Kahf, has 110 verses. - Passage
Sura 19: Maryam
Sura 19 of the Qur'an, Maryam, has 98 verses. - Passage
Sura 2: Al-Baqara
Sura 2 of the Qur'an, Al-Baqara, has 286 verses. - Passage
Sura 20: Ta-Ha
Sura 20 of the Qur'an, Ta-Ha, has 135 verses. - Passage
Sura 21: Al-Anbiya
Sura 21 of the Qur'an, Al-Anbiya, has 112 verses. - Passage
Sura 22: Al-Hajj
Sura 22 of the Qur'an, Al-Hajj, has 78 verses. - Passage
Sura 23: Al-Mu'minun
Sura 23 of the Qur'an, Al-Mu'minun, has 118 verses. - Passage
Sura 24: An-Nur
Sura 24 of the Qur'an, An-Nur, has 64 verses. - Passage
Sura 25: Al-Furqan
Sura 25 of the Qur'an, Al-Furqan, has 77 verses. - Passage
Sura 26: Ash-Shu'ara
Sura 26 of the Qur'an, Ash-Shu'ara, has 227 verses. - Passage
Sura 27: An-Naml
Sura 27 of the Qur'an, An-Naml, has 93 verses. - Passage
Sura 28: Al-Qasas
Sura 28 of the Qur'an, Al-Qasas, has 88 verses. - Passage
Sura 29: Al-Ankabut
Sura 29 of the Qur'an, Al-Ankabut, has 69 verses. - Passage
Sura 3: Al Imran
Sura 3 of the Qur'an, Al Imran, has 200 verses. - Passage
Sura 30: Ar-Rum
Sura 30 of the Qur'an, Ar-Rum, has 60 verses. - Passage
Sura 31: Luqman
Sura 31 of the Qur'an, Luqman, has 34 verses. - Passage
Sura 32: As-Sajda
Sura 32 of the Qur'an, As-Sajda, has 30 verses. - Passage
Sura 33: Al-Ahzab
Sura 33 of the Qur'an, Al-Ahzab, has 73 verses. - Passage
Sura 34: Saba
Sura 34 of the Qur'an, Saba, has 54 verses. - Passage
Sura 35: Fatir
Sura 35 of the Qur'an, Fatir, has 45 verses. - Passage
Sura 36: Ya-Sin
Sura 36 of the Qur'an, Ya-Sin, has 83 verses. - Passage
Sura 37: As-Saffat
Sura 37 of the Qur'an, As-Saffat, has 182 verses. - Passage
Sura 38: Sad
Sura 38 of the Qur'an, Sad, has 88 verses. - Passage
Sura 39: Az-Zumar
Sura 39 of the Qur'an, Az-Zumar, has 75 verses. - Passage
Sura 4: An-Nisa
Sura 4 of the Qur'an, An-Nisa, has 176 verses. - Passage
Sura 40: Ghafir
Sura 40 of the Qur'an, Ghafir, has 85 verses. - Passage
Sura 41: Fussilat
Sura 41 of the Qur'an, Fussilat, has 54 verses. - Passage
Sura 42: Ash-Shura
Sura 42 of the Qur'an, Ash-Shura, has 53 verses. - Passage
Sura 43: Az-Zukhruf
Sura 43 of the Qur'an, Az-Zukhruf, has 89 verses. - Passage
Sura 44: Ad-Dukhan
Sura 44 of the Qur'an, Ad-Dukhan, has 59 verses. - Passage
Sura 45: Al-Jathiya
Sura 45 of the Qur'an, Al-Jathiya, has 37 verses. - Passage
Sura 46: Al-Ahqaf
Sura 46 of the Qur'an, Al-Ahqaf, has 35 verses. - Passage
Sura 47: Muhammad
Sura 47 of the Qur'an, Muhammad, has 38 verses. - Passage
Sura 48: Al-Fath
Sura 48 of the Qur'an, Al-Fath, has 29 verses. - Passage
Sura 49: Al-Hujurat
Sura 49 of the Qur'an, Al-Hujurat, has 18 verses. - Passage
Sura 5: Al-Ma'ida
Sura 5 of the Qur'an, Al-Ma'ida, has 120 verses. - Passage
Sura 50: Qaf
Sura 50 of the Qur'an, Qaf, has 45 verses. - Passage
Sura 51: Adh-Dhariyat
Sura 51 of the Qur'an, Adh-Dhariyat, has 60 verses. - Passage
Sura 52: At-Tur
Sura 52 of the Qur'an, At-Tur, has 49 verses. - Passage
Sura 53: An-Najm
Sura 53 of the Qur'an, An-Najm, has 62 verses. - Passage
Sura 54: Al-Qamar
Sura 54 of the Qur'an, Al-Qamar, has 55 verses. - Passage
Sura 55: Ar-Rahman
Sura 55 of the Qur'an, Ar-Rahman, has 78 verses. - Passage
Sura 56: Al-Waqi'a
Sura 56 of the Qur'an, Al-Waqi'a, has 96 verses. - Passage
Sura 57: Al-Hadid
Sura 57 of the Qur'an, Al-Hadid, has 29 verses. - Passage
Sura 58: Al-Mujadila
Sura 58 of the Qur'an, Al-Mujadila, has 22 verses. - Passage
Sura 59: Al-Hashr
Sura 59 of the Qur'an, Al-Hashr, has 24 verses. - Passage
Sura 6: Al-An'am
Sura 6 of the Qur'an, Al-An'am, has 165 verses. - Passage
Sura 60: Al-Mumtahana
Sura 60 of the Qur'an, Al-Mumtahana, has 13 verses. - Passage
Sura 61: As-Saff
Sura 61 of the Qur'an, As-Saff, has 14 verses. - Passage
Sura 62: Al-Jumu'a
Sura 62 of the Qur'an, Al-Jumu'a, has 11 verses. - Passage
Sura 63: Al-Munafiqun
Sura 63 of the Qur'an, Al-Munafiqun, has 11 verses. - Passage
Sura 64: At-Taghabun
Sura 64 of the Qur'an, At-Taghabun, has 18 verses. - Passage
Sura 65: At-Talaq
Sura 65 of the Qur'an, At-Talaq, has 12 verses. - Passage
Sura 66: At-Tahrim
Sura 66 of the Qur'an, At-Tahrim, has 12 verses. - Passage
Sura 67: Al-Mulk
Sura 67 of the Qur'an, Al-Mulk, has 30 verses. - Passage
Sura 68: Al-Qalam
Sura 68 of the Qur'an, Al-Qalam, has 52 verses. - Passage
Sura 69: Al-Haqqa
Sura 69 of the Qur'an, Al-Haqqa, has 52 verses. - Passage
Sura 7: Al-A'raf
Sura 7 of the Qur'an, Al-A'raf, has 206 verses. - Passage
Sura 70: Al-Ma'arij
Sura 70 of the Qur'an, Al-Ma'arij, has 44 verses. - Passage
Sura 71: Nuh
Sura 71 of the Qur'an, Nuh, has 28 verses. - Passage
Sura 72: Al-Jinn
Sura 72 of the Qur'an, Al-Jinn, has 28 verses. - Passage
Sura 73: Al-Muzzammil
Sura 73 of the Qur'an, Al-Muzzammil, has 20 verses. - Passage
Sura 74: Al-Muddaththir
Sura 74 of the Qur'an, Al-Muddaththir, has 56 verses. - Passage
Sura 75: Al-Qiyama
Sura 75 of the Qur'an, Al-Qiyama, has 40 verses. - Passage
Sura 76: Al-Insan
Sura 76 of the Qur'an, Al-Insan, has 31 verses. - Passage
Sura 77: Al-Mursalat
Sura 77 of the Qur'an, Al-Mursalat, has 50 verses. - Passage
Sura 78: An-Naba
Sura 78 of the Qur'an, An-Naba, has 40 verses. - Passage
Sura 79: An-Nazi'at
Sura 79 of the Qur'an, An-Nazi'at, has 46 verses. - Passage
Sura 8: Al-Anfal
Sura 8 of the Qur'an, Al-Anfal, has 75 verses. - Passage
Sura 80: Abasa
Sura 80 of the Qur'an, Abasa, has 42 verses. - Passage
Sura 81: At-Takwir
Sura 81 of the Qur'an, At-Takwir, has 29 verses. - Passage
Sura 82: Al-Infitar
Sura 82 of the Qur'an, Al-Infitar, has 19 verses. - Passage
Sura 83: Al-Mutaffifin
Sura 83 of the Qur'an, Al-Mutaffifin, has 36 verses. - Passage
Sura 84: Al-Inshiqaq
Sura 84 of the Qur'an, Al-Inshiqaq, has 25 verses. - Passage
Sura 85: Al-Buruj
Sura 85 of the Qur'an, Al-Buruj, has 22 verses. - Passage
Sura 86: At-Tariq
Sura 86 of the Qur'an, At-Tariq, has 17 verses. - Passage
Sura 87: Al-A'la
Sura 87 of the Qur'an, Al-A'la, has 19 verses. - Passage
Sura 88: Al-Ghashiya
Sura 88 of the Qur'an, Al-Ghashiya, has 26 verses. - Passage
Sura 89: Al-Fajr
Sura 89 of the Qur'an, Al-Fajr, has 30 verses. - Passage
Sura 9: At-Tawba
Sura 9 of the Qur'an, At-Tawba, has 129 verses. - Passage
Sura 90: Al-Balad
Sura 90 of the Qur'an, Al-Balad, has 20 verses. - Passage
Sura 91: Ash-Shams
Sura 91 of the Qur'an, Ash-Shams, has 15 verses. - Passage
Sura 92: Al-Layl
Sura 92 of the Qur'an, Al-Layl, has 21 verses. - Passage
Sura 93: Ad-Duha
Sura 93 of the Qur'an, Ad-Duha, has 11 verses. - Passage
Sura 94: Ash-Sharh
Sura 94 of the Qur'an, Ash-Sharh, has 8 verses. - Passage
Sura 95: At-Tin
Sura 95 of the Qur'an, At-Tin, has 8 verses. - Passage
Sura 96: Al-Alaq
Sura 96 of the Qur'an, Al-Alaq, has 19 verses. - Passage
Sura 97: Al-Qadr
Sura 97 of the Qur'an, Al-Qadr, has 5 verses. - Passage
Sura 98: Al-Bayyina
Sura 98 of the Qur'an, Al-Bayyina, has 8 verses. - Passage
Sura 99: Az-Zalzala
Sura 99 of the Qur'an, Az-Zalzala, has 8 verses. - Person
Abu Ishaq al-Tha'labi, the exegete
Abu Ishaq Ahmad b. Muhammad al-Tha'labi of Nishapur — the Qur'an exegete, 'unique in his age in the science… - Person
Abu al-Hasan al-Hawfi, author of I'rab al-Qur'an
Abu al-Hasan Ali b. Ibrahim al-Hawfi of Egypt — author of a ten-volume I'rab al-Qur'an, imam in Arabic,… - Person
أبو عامر ابن شهيد الأشجعي القرطبي
Abu Amir Ahmad b. Abd al-Malik b. Shahid al-Ashja'i al-Qurtubi — standard-bearer of eloquence and poetry in… - Person
Kumayl ibn Ziyad al-Nakha'i
Kumayl ibn Ziyad al-Nakha'i, one of Ali's close companions; Ali took him by the hand into the open desert and… - Work
The Injil
The Injil in Islamic conception is the book revealed to 'Isa ibn Maryam; al-Tha'labi names it among the books… - Work
Nawadir Juha al-Kubra (The Great Anecdotes of Juha)
A collection of anecdotes attributed to Juha and to Nasreddin Hoca, presented in a modern edition with an… - Work
Qisas al-Anbiya' (al-'Ara'is)
Al-Tha'labi's collection of the stories of the prophets named in the Qur'an. It opens with why God narrates… - Work
The Zabur
The Zabur in Islamic conception is the book revealed to David; Ibn al-Nadim counts it among God's sent-down…