- Abbasid Caliphate
- Abd al-Wadid (Zayyanid) kingdom of Tlemcen
- Achaemenid Empire
- Adal
- Afsharid dynasty
- Aghlabid emirate
- Alawi dynasty of Morocco
- Almohad Caliphate
- Almoravid dynasty
- Annazids
- Anushtegin dynasty
- Arghun dynasty
- Artukids
- Artuqid dynasty
- Ashraf-oghullari
- Awlad Mandil
- Ayyubid dynasty
- Baban dynasty
- Bahmani Sultanate
- Bahri dynasty
- Banu Abi al-Afiya
- Banu al-Ukhaydhir of Yamama
- Banu Ghaniya
- Banu Hud dynasty
- Banu Jami', Hilali amirs of Gabes
- Banu Khazrun, kings of Sijilmasa
- Banu Mahdi's state in Yemen
- Banu Qatada, sharifs of Mecca
- Banu Salih ibn Mansur, kings of Nekour
- Banu Ya'la, kings of Tlemcen
- Bavand dynasty
- Begtiginid atabegs of Erbil
- Beylik of Aydın
- Bornu Empire
- Brahmin dynasty of Sindh
- Burid dynasty (atabegs of Damascus)
- Burji dynasty
- Buyid dynasty
- Caliphate of Córdoba
- Crimean Khanate
- Dabuyid dynasty
- Danishmendid emirate
- Deccan sultanates
- Delhi Sultanate
- Dulafid dynasty
- Durrani Empire
- Eldiguzid atabegs of Azerbaijan
- Emirate of Al Mu'ammar
- Emirate of Al Zajjaj
- Emirate of Bari
- Emirate of Granada
- Emirate of Sicily
- Eretnid state of Rum
- Fatimid Caliphate
- First Saudi State
- Ghana Empire
- Ghaznavid Empire
- Ghurid dynasty
- Hafsid dynasty
- Hamdanid dynasty
- Hamengkubuwono dynasty
- Hammadid dynasty
- Hammudid dynasty
- Hammudid state
- Hasanwayhid dynasty
- Hawashim emirate of Mecca
- Hindu Shahis
- Hussain Shahi dynasty
- Idrisid dynasty
- Ikhshidid dynasty
- Ilkhanate
- Ilyas Shahi dynasty
- Indonesia
- Justanids
- Kakuyid dynasty
- Kalbid emirate of Sicily
- Kalhora dynasty
- Karrani dynasty
- Kartid dynasty
- Kazakh Khanate
- Keira dynasty
- Khalji dynasty
- Khanate of Badakhshan
- Khanate of Khiva
- Khwarazmian Empire
- Kingdom of Baguirmi
- Kingdom of Castile
- Lodi dynasty
- Malacca Sultanate
- Mali Empire
- Mamluk dynasty of Delhi
- Mamluk rule in Iraq
- Mamluk Sultanate
- Mar'ashis
- Marinid dynasty
- Marwanid dynasty (Kurdish)
- Mataram Sultanate
- Mazyadid dynasty
- Midrarid dynasty
- Mihranids
- Mirdasid dynasty
- Mongol empire
- Mughal Empire
- Muhammad Ali dynasty
- Musafirid (Sallarid) dynasty
- Muzaffarid dynasty
- Muzaffarid dynasty of Gujarat
- Nabhani dynasty
- Najahid dynasty of Zabid
- Numayrid dynasty
- Ottoman Empire
- Ouaddai Empire
- Paduspanids
- Qajar Iran
- Qarakhanid dynasty
- Qaramanid beylik
- Quba Khanate
- Qutb Shahi dynasty
- Qutlugh-Khanids of Kirman
- Ramadanid Emirate
- Rashidun Caliphate
- Rassid Zaydi imamate of Sa'da
- Rasulid dynasty
- Rawadid dynasty
- Rustamid imamate
- Saadi dynasty
- Safavid Iran
- Saffarid dynasty
- Sajid dynasty
- Salghurid atabegs of Fars
- Sallarid dynasty
- Samanid dynasty
- Samma dynasty
- Samudra Pasai
- Sayyid dynasty (Delhi)
- Seljuk Empire
- Seljuks of Kirman
- Shaddadid dynasty
- Shah Mir dynasty
- Shah-i Arman of Akhlat
- Shaybanid dynasty
- Siberian Khanate
- Sokoto Caliphate
- Sulayhid dynasty of Yemen
- Sulaymanid sharifate of Mecca
- Sultanate of Lahej
- Sultanate of Rum
- Sur Empire
- Surakarta Sunanate
- Tahirid dynasty
- Tahirid Sultanate
- Taifa of Mértola
- Takrur
- The Aksumite Kingdom (Abyssinia)
- The Byzantine Empire
- The emirate of the Hijaz (the government of Mecca)
- The Ghassanid Kingdom
- The Himyarite Kingdom
- The Jochid state of the Dasht (Golden Horde)
- The Kingdom of Saba (Sheba)
- The Lakhmid Kingdom of al-Hira
- The Nabataean Kingdom
- The Sasanian Empire
- Timurid Empire
- Tughlaq dynasty
- Tulunid dynasty
- Turk Shahis
- Umayyad Caliphate
- Uqaylid dynasty
- Walashma dynasty
- Wasulid (Midrarid) state of Sijilmasa
- Wattasid dynasty
- Yaruba dynasty
- Yogyakarta Sultanate
- Zengid dynasty
- Zirid dynasty
- Ziyadid dynasty
- Ziyarid dynasty
- Zunbil dynasty
- Zurayid dynasty of Aden