Rashidun Caliphate

الخلافة الراشدة

June 632 CE · Rabi' I 11 AH† – 28 July 661 CE · 24 Rabi' I 41 AH† †

† Hijri date derived by computation from the Gregorian/Julian date; it may differ from the transmitted date by a day or two.

A caliphate established in 632 CE and ended in 661 CE; its capital was Kufa, then Medina.

Depth

At a glance

Era
The Rashidun Caliphate
Region
Arabia · Levant & Iraq
Identifiers
Wikidata
Review
Draft Completeness 1/5 · Help complete it

In time

620630640650660670
The Prophetic Era · The Rashidun Caliphate · The Umayyad Period
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The Rashidun caliphate began after the Prophet ﷺ's death and lasted from 632 to 661. The four caliphs who ruled in it are Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman and Ali.

After the Prophet ﷺ's death, the four caliphs whom Muslims call the rightly guided ruled: Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman and Ali. Their caliphate was between 632 and 661, and cities such as Medina and Kufa were its centres.

Storytellers (10–12) read the Explorers text, then cross to the Scholars text.

A caliphate that began in 632 CE after the Prophet ﷺ's death and ended in 661 CE. It was held by the four caliphs Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman and Ali, whom historians call the Rashidun. Medina and then Kufa were among its chief centres, and its conquests reached Syria, Egypt and Persia. The reports differ on how each caliph was chosen and on the events of the strife under Uthman and Ali, so each detail needs a source. This entry presents the caliphate as the history books relate it, and it does not judge the people or the strife.

Overview

The Rashidun caliphate, a caliphate founded in 632 CE and ended in 661 CE. Its two capitals, as the data give them, were Kufa and then Medina. 1

Not covered here

The two dates come from Wikidata, and that is a single source; a second source is needed. The names of the caliphs and the events are not yet listed in this file.

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Connections

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Opposed by
al-Aswad al-Ansi· Sajah bint al-Harith· Tulayha ibn Khuwaylid
Predecessor of
Umayyad Caliphate

People and things also explored

ʿAli's dispatch of his own governors to the garrison towns (36 AH)· The Battle of Buzakha· Conquest of Qazwin· The Killing of al-Aswad al-Ansi· The Prophet's dream of the two gold bracelets, interpreted as the two liars· Banu Asad ibn Khuzayma· Banu Tamim· Khalid ibn al-Walid

Sources

  1. Wikidata
Cite this page

islam.museum contributors. “Rashidun Caliphate”. islam.museum, https://islam.museum/en/polity/rashidun-caliphate/. CC BY-SA 4.0. Last updated 2026-10-25.

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Related

ʿAli's dispatch of his own governors to the garrison towns (36 AH)

ʿAli replaced ʿUthmān's governors at the outset of his caliphate: ʿUthmān ibn Ḥunayf took Basra unopposed; Sahl ibn Ḥunayf was turned back at Tabūk — «if ʿUthmān sent you, welcome; if another sent you, go back«; ʿUmāra ibn Shihāb was turned back at Zubāla by Ṭulayḥa ibn Khuwaylid on pain of death; and Qays ibn Saʿd passed the patrol at Ayla by claiming to be an avenger of ʿUthmān, then entered Egypt where its people split into three camps.