The Prophetic Era

العصر النبوي

c. 610 CE – June 632 CE · Rabi' I 11 AH

The years of the Prophet ﷺ Muhammad's mission in Mecca and Medina, from the first revelation to his death in 632 CE.

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Region
Arabia
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In time

600610620630640650 c.
Pre-Islamic Arabia · The Prophetic Era · The Rashidun Caliphate

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A blessed era when Prophet Muhammad ﷺ and his companions lived in Mecca and Medina, spreading the light of the Qur'an, mercy, and peace.

The Prophetic Era is the foundational epoch of Islamic history, spanning twenty-three years from the first revelation in the Cave of Hira to the Prophet ﷺ's passing. Historians divide it into the Meccan period, focusing on monotheism, patience, and character, and the Medinan period, which built the first commonwealth of justice, brotherhood, and divine law.

Storytellers (10–12) read the Explorers text, then cross to the Scholars text.

The foundational epoch of Islamic history and law, encompassing the twenty-three years of the Prophet ﷺ Muhammad's mission (610–632 CE / from the first revelation in Hira until his passing in 11 AH). Formatively structured into two complementary phases: the Meccan period (13 years), dedicated to cultivating monotheism, personal moral agency, and resilience under persecution; and the Medinan period (10 years) following the Hijra, marked by institutional foundation, the Prophet's Mosque, the Constitution of Medina, and the comprehensive development of civil, ethical, and ritual laws culminating in the Farewell Pilgrimage, establishing the primary normative paradigm for Islamic thought.

Summary

The years of the Prophet Muhammad's mission in Mecca and Medina, from the beginning of the revelation to his death in 632 CE. The museum roughly bounds it from about 610 CE to 632 CE. These boundaries are the museum's own organising convention and are not absolute.

Overview

The museum's holdings for this era today include: notable events: 214, groups: 48, most frequently appearing figures: 456, works: 20, concepts: 40, buildings: 6, journeys: 5, routes and exhibitions: 5.

Notable events

Groups

Most frequently appearing figures

Works

Concepts

Buildings

Journeys

Routes and exhibitions

What this page covers

The lists above are the most prominent and most frequently appearing items in the museum, not everything it holds. Items for this era are being added gradually from primary sources with each new batch.

Notes for researchers

The era's boundaries are the museum's own organising convention and are approximate. For the wider history of this period, see 1 2.

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Connections

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Has part
Abu Jahl's plan to crush the Prophet's head with a stone· Abu Talib gathers Banu Hashim and Banu al-Muttalib· The Prophet's address to the Ansar at al-Ji'rana· The three years of the secret call· Ali's expedition to destroy al-Fuls, the idol of Tayy'· Ali ibn Abi Talib's expeditions to Yemen (twice)· The Mission of Abu Rafi' (Sallam ibn Abi al-Huqayq)· After Badr: the dead, the captives, the spoils, and the news in Mecca and Medina· The day of Badr: the lines, the duels and the victory· The build-up to Badr: Abu Sufyan's caravan, Mecca's muster and the Prophet's march· The monk Bahira at Busra· The Battle of Badr· The Battle of Hunayn· The Conquest of Khaybar· The Battle of Mu'tah· The Battle of the Trench (al-Ahzab)· The Battle of Uhud· The Pledge of the Tree (Bay'at al-Ridwan)· The birth, naming and aqiqa of Hasan ibn Ali· The boycott of the Banu Hashim· The brotherhood of the Muhajirun and Ansar· The burial of the Prophet· The capture of Thumama ibn Uthal al-Hanafi and his acceptance of Islam· The change of the qibla· The Conquest of Mecca (Fath Makka)· The Constitution of Medina· Conversion of Umayr ibn Wahb· The call to the nearest kin· The death of Abdullah ibn Ubayy and the Prophet's prayer over him· The death of Abu Jahl at Badr· Death of Abu Talib· The death of Amina at al-Abwa· Death of Khadija bint Khuwaylid· The death of the Prophet· The death of Umm Kulthum bint Muhammad· The Demolition of al-Uzza and Major Idols· The dispatch of the sadaqa collectors· The emigration of the Muslims to Yathrib after the pledge· Expedition of al-Abwa (Waddan)· Expedition of al-Kharrar· Expedition of al-Kudr· Expedition of al-Qarada· Expedition of al-Sawiq· The Expedition of Badr al-Maw'ida· The Expedition of Banu al-Mustaliq (al-Muraysi')· The Siege and Expulsion of Banu al-Nadir· Expedition of Buhran· Expedition of Buwat· The Expedition of Dhat al-Riqa'· The Expedition of Dhat al-Salasil· Expedition of Dhu al-Ushayra· Expedition of Dhu Amarr· The Expedition of Dhu Qarad (Ghazwat al-Ghaba)· The Expedition of Dumat al-Jandal· Expedition of Nakhla· Expedition of Rabigh· Expedition of Safwan (First Badr)· Expedition of Sayf al-Bahr· The expedition of Usama ibn Zayd· The expedition to Tabuk· The Farewell Pilgrimage· The prescription of the Ramadan fast· Fatima and Ali ask for a servant and are taught the tasbih· The pause of revelation (Fatra)· First encounter with the six Ansar at al-Aqaba· The first migration to Abyssinia· The first pledge of al-Aqaba· The first revelation· The Prophet's funeral prayer in absentia for the Negus· Ghadir Khumm· The hadith of the cloak and the verse of purification of the household· The pilgrimage led by Abu Bakr· The Fijar war· Hatib ibn Abi Balta'a's letter to Quraysh· The journey from the cave of Thawr to Medina and the entry into the city· The Prophet's escape from his house on the night of the Hijra and the hiding in the cave of Thawr· The Hijra· Hilf al-Fudul (the pact of the virtuous)· The hypocrites' ambush at the pass on the return from Tabuk· The Incident of al-Raji'· The Tragedy of Bi'r Ma'una· The Dhat Anwat incident· The Incident of the Poisoned Sheep at Khaybar· The Incident of the Slander (Hadith al-Ifk)· Abu Dharr al-Ghifari accepts Islam in Mecca through Ali· Ali ibn Abi Talib accepts Islam as a boy· Hamza accepts Islam· Umar accepts Islam· The Isra and Mi'raj· A company of jinn hear the Qur'an at Wadi Nakhla· The Prophet's journey to al-Ta'if· Salim ibn Umayr's mission to kill Abu Afak· Umayr ibn Adi al-Khatmi's mission to kill Asma' bint Marwan· The killing of Ka'b ibn al-Ashraf· Last Quraysh delegation to Abu Talib· The Letters to Rulers and Kings· The li'an between Uwaymir al-Ajlani and his wife· The dosing of the Prophet during his illness· The marriage of Fatima and Ali· The Prophet's marriage to Khadija· The Prophet's marriage to Sawda bint Zam'a· The dispatch of Amr ibn Umayya al-Damri to kill Abu Sufyan, and what he did on the way· The Prophet presents himself to the tribe of Shayban· Nullification of the boycott covenant and the exit from Shi'b Abi Talib· Offering Islam to the tribes at the pilgrim season· Omens in the Persian court at the Prophet's birth· The permission to fight and the expeditions before Badr· The persecution of the vulnerable Muslims· The Pledges of Aqaba· The plot at Dar al-Nadwa· The Prophet forbids Ali to take Abu Jahl's daughter alongside Fatima· The building of the Prophet's Mosque· The Quraysh embassy to the Negus· Quraysh's letter to Abdullah ibn Ubayy after the Hijra· Quraysh's threats to Abu Talib and the offer of Umara· Ibn Abi Hadrad's raid on al-Ghaba and the killing of Rifa'a ibn Qays al-Jushami· Ibn Abi Hadrad's raid on Batn Idam and the killing of Amir ibn al-Adbat· The rebuilding of the Kaaba· The proclamation on al-Safa· The prostration at surat al-Najm· The meeting at Saqifa· Abd al-Rahman ibn Awf's detachment to Dumat al-Jandal· Sariyya of Abdullah ibn Unays against Sufyan ibn Khalid· Abu Ubayda ibn al-Jarrah's detachment to the sea coast (the Khabat raid)· al-Dahhak ibn Sufyan's expedition to Banu Kilab· Ali's expedition to Fals to destroy the idol of Tayy· Alqama ibn Mujazziz's expedition to the Jeddah coast· Kurz ibn Jabir's detachment against the men of Bajila who killed Yasar· Qutba ibn Amir's raid on Khath'am· Uyayna ibn Hisn's raid on Banu Tamim· Zayd ibn Haritha's detachment to Madyan and the captives· The second migration to Abyssinia· The second pledge of al-Aqaba· The opening of the breast· Siege of Banu Qaynuqa· The Siege and Judgment of Banu Qurayza· The siege of Ta'if· Six men of Yathrib embrace Islam at Mina· The soothsayer episode in Banu Sa'd· the splitting of the moon· The stoning of the Ghamidi woman· The Treaty of Hudaybiyya· Umar's denial of the Prophet's death and Abu Bakr's reply· The Fulfilled Umrah (Umrat al-Qada)· Uqba ibn Abi Mu'it chokes the Prophet at the Hijr· Utba ibn Rabi'a's offer to the Prophet· al-Walid's council on how to brand the Prophet· The Year of Delegations· The Year of Sorrow· The Year of the Elephant and the Prophet's birth· The expedition of Hamza to Sayf al-Bahr· The expedition of Abdullah ibn Jahsh to Nakhla· The expedition of Ubayda ibn al-Harith to Batn Rabigh
Setting of
Abu Lahab· The Message· Bilal: A New Breed of Hero· Dawn of Islam· The Life of Muhammad· Islam: Empire of Faith· Muhammad: Legacy of a Prophet· Muhammad: The Last Prophet· Salman the Persian· Omar

People and things also explored

Muhammad· Mecca· Medina· Ali ibn Abi Talib· Abu Bakr al-Siddiq· The Muhajirun· Quraysh· Umar ibn al-Khattab

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Sources

  1. Ibn Ishaq / Guillaume, The Life of Muhammad (1955)
  2. Watt, Muhammad at Medina (1956)
Cite this page

islam.museum contributors. “The Prophetic Era”. islam.museum, https://islam.museum/en/period/prophetic-era/. CC BY-SA 4.0. Last updated 2026-10-25.

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Related

Muhammad

The Prophet of Islam (c. 570–632 CE), through whom Muslims believe the Qur'an was revealed, and the founder of the first Muslim community in Medina.