The Rashidun Caliphate

عصر الخلفاء الراشدين

632 CE · 11 AH – 661 CE · 41 AH

The rule of the first four caliphs after the Prophet ﷺ, Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman and Ali, when the community expanded from Arabia into the Levant, Iraq, Egypt and Iran.

Depth

At a glance

Region
Arabia
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In time

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The Prophetic Era · The Rashidun Caliphate · The Umayyad Period

On screen

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The Rashidun era: the rule of the first four caliphs after the Prophet ﷺ — Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman and Ali — when the community spread from the Peninsula to Syria, Iraq, Egypt and Iran, roughly 632 to 661 CE.

The Rashidun era: the rule of the first four caliphs after the Prophet ﷺ — Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman and Ali — when the community spread from the Peninsula to Syria, Iraq, Egypt and Iran. The museum bounds it roughly from 632 to 661 CE; those bounds are the museum's organizing choice, not definitive.

Storytellers (10–12) read the Explorers text, then cross to the Scholars text.

The Rashidun era: the rule of the first four caliphs after the Prophet ﷺ — Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman and Ali — when the community spread from the Peninsula to Syria, Iraq, Egypt and Iran. The museum bounds it roughly from 632 to 661 CE; those bounds are the museum's organizing choice, not definitive.

Summary

The rule of the first four caliphs after the Prophet: Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman and Ali, when the community expanded from the Arabian Peninsula to the Levant, Iraq, Egypt and Iran. The museum roughly bounds it from 632 CE to 661 CE. These boundaries are the museum's own organising convention and are not absolute.

Overview

The museum's holdings for this era today include: notable events: 1, polities: 1, groups: 1, most frequently appearing figures: 148, buildings: 1.

Notable events

Polities

Groups

Most frequently appearing figures

Buildings

What this page covers

The lists above are the most prominent and most frequently appearing items in the museum, not everything it holds. Items for this era are being added gradually from primary sources with each new batch.

Notes for researchers

The era's boundaries are the museum's own organising convention and are approximate. For the wider history of this period, see 1 2.

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Connections

Explore the connections

Has part
Ali appoints the sons of al-Abbas and Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr as governors· Ali flogs the poet al-Najashi al-Harithi for drinking wine in Ramadan· Ali frees two men who each confessed to one killing and pays the diya from the treasury· Ali's rulings on the apostate and the zindiq, and the ways he killed them· Ali's judgment: Shurahah flogged and stoned after confessing zina· Ali's oversight of his governors: inspectors, complaints and discipline· Death of Malik al-Ashtar on the way to Egypt· Reported advice to Ali by Ibn Abbas and al-Mughira on keeping or removing Uthman's governors· Qays ibn Sa'd's governorship of Egypt and Ali's letter to him
Setting of
Al-Qadisiyya· Muawiya, Hassan and Hussein· Imam Ali· Omar

People and things also explored

Ali ibn Abi Talib· Abdullah ibn Abbas· Hasan ibn Ali· Mu'awiya ibn Abi Sufyan· محمد بن أبي بكر الصديق· قيس بن سعد بن عبادة· Medina· Misr (Egypt)

Explore the timeline

Sources

  1. Hodgson, The Venture of Islam (1974)
  2. Hourani, A History of the Arab Peoples (1991)
Cite this page

islam.museum contributors. “The Rashidun Caliphate”. islam.museum, https://islam.museum/en/period/rashidun/. CC BY-SA 4.0. Last updated 2026-10-28.

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Related

Ali ibn Abi Talib

Cousin and son-in-law of the Prophet and the fourth caliph (r. 656–661 CE); the first Imam in Shia tradition.