Ka'b ibn Malik al-Ansari

كعب بن مالك الأنصاري

One of the three chief poets of the Prophet ﷺ from the Ansar (Banu Salama of Khazraj); he witnessed the Second Pledge of al-Aqaba, fought in the early campaigns, defended the community with his eloquent verses at Hunayn, and was later one of the three whose repentance at Tabuk was accepted. وحديثه عن تخلفه عن تبوك من أطول أخبار الصحيح وأشهرها 1.

Depth

At a glance

Roles
Companion · Poet
Counted among
Sunni
Era
The Prophetic Era · The Rashidun Caliphate
Region
Arabia
Identifiers
Wikidata
Review
Draft Completeness 1/5 · Help complete it

LiteratureBattles

Place in the story

  • CompanionTradition

Sunni (transmitted)

Roles are dated and sourced; the museum describes the act and attributes the judgement.

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Ka'b ibn Malik was one of the Prophet ﷺ's three poets and a knight of the Ansar from Banu Salama of the Khazraj. He witnessed the second Aqaba pledge and defended Islam with his poems at Hunayn and the siege of Taif, and he was one of the three whose repentance was deferred after Tabuk.

Ka'b ibn Malik of Banu Salama of the Khazraj, one of the Prophet ﷺ's three poets and a knight of the Ansar; he witnessed the second Aqaba pledge and the battles, and defended Islam with his poems at Hunayn and the siege of Taif — at Hunayn he spoke his famous ode describing the Muslims' heroism and the rout of the polytheist hordes. He stayed back from Tabuk 'without doubt or hypocrisy' in Ibn Ishaq's phrase, becoming one of the three left behind with Murara ibn al-Rabi' and Hilal ibn Umayya; he told the story himself: his delayed preparations, his truthfulness to the Prophet, the fifty-night boycott, then his repentance accepted and his vow of truthfulness.

Storytellers (10–12) read the Explorers text, then cross to the Scholars text.

Ka'b ibn Malik of Banu Salama of the Khazraj, one of the Messenger's three poets and a knight of the Ansar; he witnessed the second Aqaba pledge and the battles and defended Islam with his poems at Hunayn and the siege of Taif — at Hunayn he spoke his famous ode opening 'She said: will you not weep for her brother', describing the Muslims' heroism, the rout of the polytheist hordes, the falling of Taif's forts and the defiance of Thaqif. He stayed back from Tabuk 'without doubt or hypocrisy' in Ibn Ishaq's phrase, becoming one of the three left behind with Murara ibn al-Rabi' and Hilal ibn Umayya; he told the story himself through Ibn Ishaq's chain from al-Zuhri: his delayed preparations, his truthfulness to the Prophet ﷺ, the fifty-night boycott, then his repentance accepted and his vow of truthfulness. He noted in his account that he witnessed Aqaba when they covenanted on Islam and that before Tabuk only Badr had he missed.

Summary

One of the Messenger's three poets, a knight of the Ansar's knights, of Banu Salama of the Khazraj; he witnessed the second Aqaba pledge and the battles, defended Islam with his poems at Hunayn and the siege of Ta'if, and is one of the three who were reprieved at Tabuk 2.

His verse at Hunayn and Ta'if

On the day of Hunayn Ka'b ibn Malik spoke his famous poem opening: "and one said — will you not weep for your brother / when they passed by, and weeping was her due", describing in it the Muslims' feats, the rout of the hosts of shirk, the razing of Ta'if's strongholds and the standing up to Thaqif 2.

In the Tabuk expedition and the three left behind

He stayed behind from Tabuk "without doubt or hypocrisy" per Ibn Ishaq, and became one of the three left behind with Murara ibn al-Rabi' and Hilal ibn Umayya. 3 He told his story himself in Ibn Ishaq's chain from al-Zuhri in his account: his delay in preparing (the event), his truthfulness with the Prophet (the event), the fifty nights' boycott (the event), then the acceptance of his repentance (the event) and his vow of truthfulness (the event). 4

In his account he mentions that he witnessed Aqaba with the Prophet when they pledged on Islam, and that before Tabuk he had only stayed behind from Badr. 3

For young visitors

The Prophet's truthful poet, of Medina's people; he defended the truth with his fine verse and eloquent tongue, and witnessed with the Prophet the greatest stands.

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Connections

Explore the connections

Parent of
Abdullah ibn Ka'b ibn Malik
Member of
Banu Khazraj· Banu Salima
Authored
Ka'b ibn Malik's ode on Hunayn and the march to Ta'if
Participated in
The Battle of Hunayn· The three who were left behind after Tabuk· The fifty-night boycott of the three· The acceptance of the repentance of the three· The letter of the king of Ghassan to Ka'b ibn Malik· Ka'b and Abu Qatada at the garden wall· Ka'b ibn Malik puts off his preparations for Tabuk· Ka'b offers his wealth and vows to speak only the truth· Ka'b tells the Prophet the truth· The order that the three keep apart from their wives· Muslim withdrawal to the mountain pass at Uhud
Mentioned in
Bukhari 4418 — Ka'b ibn Malik's account of staying behind at Tabuk· Muwatta 1406· Muwatta 643

People and things also explored

The three who were left behind after Tabuk· Muhammad· Medina· Hilal ibn Umayya al-Waqifi· Murara ibn al-Rabi al-Amri· Ka'b ibn Malik's account of staying behind at Tabuk· Bukhari 4418 — Ka'b ibn Malik's account of staying behind at Tabuk· Ka'b ibn Malik's ode on Hunayn and the march to Ta'if

Sources

  1. Sahih al-Bukhari , 4418
  2. al-Sira al-Nabawiyya — Ibn Hisham, al-Saqqa edition (1355/1936) , 4/120-124
  3. al-Sira al-Nabawiyya — Ibn Hisham, al-Saqqa edition (1355/1936) , 4/175
  4. al-Sira al-Nabawiyya — Ibn Hisham, al-Saqqa edition (1355/1936) , 4/175-181
Cite this page

islam.museum contributors. “Ka'b ibn Malik al-Ansari”. islam.museum, https://islam.museum/en/person/kaab-ibn-malik/. CC BY-SA 4.0. Last updated 2026-10-26.

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Related

The three who were left behind after Tabuk

After the Prophet returned to Medina he forbade speech with three Muslims who had stayed behind from Tabuk 'without doubt and without hypocrisy' in Ibn Ishaq's words — Ka'b ibn Malik, Murara ibn al-Rabi' and Hilal ibn Umayya. People withdrew from them for fifty nights until their repentance was announced after the dawn prayer.