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- The Prophetic Era
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- Arabia
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Laws of war and peacePeace-making and coexistence
The Prophet set out for Mecca to perform Umrah, and a peace was made with Quraysh at al-Hudaybiyya, which God called a clear victory.
The Prophet and his companions set out for Mecca to perform Umrah, and they did not want war. The people of Mecca made peace with them at al-Hudaybiyya, a truce for ten years. The Qur'an calls this treaty a clear victory, although many people did not understand it at first.
Storytellers (10–12) read the Explorers text, then cross to the Scholars text.
In Dhu al-Qa'da of the sixth year after the Hijra the Prophet ﷺ set out with about fourteen hundred companions to perform Umrah, seeking no war. When Quraysh blocked them at al-Hudaybiyya, talks were held through Suhayl ibn Amr and ended in a ten-year truce, with a clause that people coming from Mecca as Muslims without their guardian's permission would be returned. The Qur'an, in surat al-Fath, calls it a clear victory. The reports say some companions objected to its terms at first. This entry presents the treaty as the sources give it, and makes no judgement on what the negotiators felt.
From Sheikh Omar Abdelkafy's lecture series Al Dinu Al Qayem
The speaker recounts Suhayl ibn Amr, the orator of the Arabs, who was writing down the treaty's terms. He objected to the word "the Merciful" in the basmala, said he did not know it, and asked that it be written "in your name, O God" 1 2.
He recounts a clause on returning people who passed from one side to the other, which he calls an unjust condition. Umar objected to it and left the tent of negotiation, while Abu Bakr stood guard at the tent 3.
He recounts that the Prophet said to Umar, "Calm down, O Umar," and Umar, not at peace, went to Abu Bakr for support 4.
He says Suhayl ibn Amr later became Muslim. He recounts that Umar had proposed, when Suhayl was a captive, that his front tooth be knocked out so that he could not stand up as an orator against the Prophet; Umar then said the Arabs need an eloquent orator, and that Suhayl might one day have a stand that would matter 5 6. After the Prophet's death, he says, Suhayl preached in Mecca and brought back those who had wavered into apostasy 7.
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Opinions on the question
The question: What is the value and outcome of the Treaty of al-Hudaybiyya in the view of Sunni scholars and historians?
First opinion · Sunni tradition (the museum's frame)Main reference
More opinions (1)
Academic viewSecondary opinion
Connections
- Had participant
- Abu Basir (Utba ibn Usayd)· Abu Jandal ibn Suhayl· Khalid ibn al-Walid· Suhayl ibn Amr· Umar ibn al-Khattab· Umm Kulthum bint Uqba· Umm Salama (Hind bint Abi Umayya)· Urwa ibn Mas'ud al-Thaqafi· Uthman ibn Affan· Uthman ibn Talha· Muhammad· Ali ibn Abi Talib· Quraysh
- Signed by
- Suhayl ibn Amr
- Led to
- The Conquest of Khaybar· The Bakr–Khuza'a clash at al-Watir· The Letters to Rulers and Kings· The Fulfilled Umrah (Umrat al-Qada)
- Has part
- The Prophet refuses to return runaway slaves at Hudaybiyya· The march to al-Hudaybiyya
- Occurred at
- Mecca
- Part of
- The Prophetic Era
- Caused by
- The Battle of the Trench (al-Ahzab)
- Revealed in
- Qur'an 48:1· Qur'an 48:24
People and things also explored
Mecca· Muhammad· Quraysh· The Conquest of Mecca (Fath Makka)· The Hijra· The Battle of Badr· Medina· The three years of the secret call
Sources
- Assabile archive of Omar Abdelkafy's lectures (audio and video) , Al Dinu Al Qayem, episode 5, at 00:36:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
- Assabile archive of Omar Abdelkafy's lectures (audio and video) , Al Dinu Al Qayem, episode 5, at 00:37:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
- Assabile archive of Omar Abdelkafy's lectures (audio and video) , Al Dinu Al Qayem, episode 5, at 00:39:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
- Assabile archive of Omar Abdelkafy's lectures (audio and video) , Al Dinu Al Qayem, episode 5, at 00:40:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
- Assabile archive of Omar Abdelkafy's lectures (audio and video) , Al Dinu Al Qayem, episode 5, at 00:45:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
- Assabile archive of Omar Abdelkafy's lectures (audio and video) , Al Dinu Al Qayem, episode 5, at 00:45:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
- Assabile archive of Omar Abdelkafy's lectures (audio and video) , Al Dinu Al Qayem, episode 5, at 00:46:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
- al-Raheeq al-Makhtum — Safi al-Rahman al-Mubarakpuri
- Sahih al-Bukhari
- al-Sira al-Nabawiyya — Ibn Hisham
- Zad al-Ma'ad — Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya
- Asma al-Matalib fi Sirat Ali ibn Abi Talib, vol. 1 — Ali Muhammad al-Sallabi
Cite this page
islam.museum contributors. “The Treaty of Hudaybiyya”. islam.museum, https://islam.museum/en/event/treaty-of-hudaybiyya/. CC BY-SA 4.0. Last updated 2026-10-25.