Anapa

Anapa was a fortress on the Black Sea, on the Bugur river about 40 km south-west of the Kuban estuary. French engineers built it for Sultan Abd al-Hamid I in 1781. ¹

The Russians attacked it without success in 1787 and 1790, and General Gudovich stormed it in 1791. The treaty of Yassy (1791, as the entry dates it) returned it to Turkey; the Russians took it again in 1808, and it went back to Turkey in 1812. In 1828 Admiral Greig and Prince Menshikov blockaded it, and the treaty of Adrianople (1829, article 4) ceded it to Russia. ¹

A town was built at Anapa in 1846. In the Crimean War the Russians blew up the fortress and reoccupied it in 1856. In 1860 its inhabitants were moved to Temryuk. In recent decades it was used as a beach and rest home for children, and it was destroyed by enemy action in 1942-43. ¹