Legal-schools explorer
Four Madhhabs Browser
The four imams — Abu Hanifa, Malik, al-Shafi'i and Ahmad — and the schools they founded, the salaf and tabi'in on whom the fiqh was built, the books that recorded the madhhabs — including the school mutun from the Ajurrumiyya to the Jazariyya and the Shatibiyya — and everything the Sunni books say about them in history, fatwas and legal questions — gathered in one browser with its sources.
This build holds 168 records in 10 sections; texts are draft until a human reads them.
The browser's method
Every record here is an ordinary museum record — cited, trilingual — with no side table. Curated records carry the madhahib-browser tag and mh-<section> tags, and any work, passage or question whose 'mentions' edge names a madhhab or the madhhab concept joins 'Mentions in the sources' — and a mention of the Hanafi, Maliki, Shafi'i or Hanbali school also joins that school's section. A book harvested later appears here automatically the day its edges are written, and sources that cannot hold 'mentions' edges join through their tags.
The whole dataset is at /api/v1/madhahib.json
The browser's sections
The four imams
The mujtahid imams around whom the fiqh turned: Abu Hanifa al-Nu'man, Malik ibn Anas, Muhammad ibn Idris al-Shafi'i and Ahmad ibn Hanbal — their lives, their schools, and what they authored and transmitted.
- Abu Hanifa al-Nu'man ibn Thabit
Person
al-Nu'man ibn Thabit of Kufa, Abu Hanifa, a jurist and theologian and the eponym of the Hanafi school. He died in 150 AH, 767 CE, aged 70, so was born about 80 AH, 699 CE. He lived in Kufa as a maker and merchant of khaz…
- Ahmad ibn Hanbal
Person
Imam of Baghdad, hadith scholar, jurist and theologian (164-241 AH, 780-855 CE), compiler of the Musnad and eponym of the Hanbali school, which gives precedence to the revealed text and transmitted reports. He travelled …
- Muhammad ibn Idris al-Shafi'i
Person
Imam of the Shafi'i school, born in 150/767 at Gaza, Ashkelon or Yemen according to different reports, raised an orphan in Mecca, a pupil of Malik ibn Anas in Medina, who passed through a crisis before Harun al-Rashid, l…
- Malik ibn Anas
Person
Imam of Medina and author of the Muwatta; born in Medina, he studied with its scholars and taught there until his death in 179 AH. The Maliki school of law bears his name. The Encyclopaedia of Islam says the date of his …
The Hanafis
The school of Abu Hanifa: its companions, its books, its method of legal reasoning, and what was written in its tabaqat.
- The Hanafi school (madhhab)
Group
The Hanafi school is the legal school named after Abu Hanifa. It grew out of the ancient school of Kufa and absorbed that of Basra, with Abu Yusuf and al-Shaybani as its chief transmitters and authors of its standard tex…
- Abu Hanifa al-Nu'man ibn Thabit
Person
al-Nu'man ibn Thabit of Kufa, Abu Hanifa, a jurist and theologian and the eponym of the Hanafi school. He died in 150 AH, 767 CE, aged 70, so was born about 80 AH, 699 CE. He lived in Kufa as a maker and merchant of khaz…
- Abu Yusuf Al Qadi
Person
Abu Yusuf — the qadi whose corpus the Fihrist enumerates {cite:fihrist-ibn-al-nadim}. Tarikh Baghdad (#7558): seventeen years at Abu Hanifa's side, then seventeen given to the world; on his deathbed 'would that I had die…
- Abu Bakr al-Jassas al-Razi
Person
Abu Bakr Ahmad ibn Ali al-Razi, known as al-Jassas — the Hanafi jurist, author of Ahkam al-Quran, d. AH 370 {cite:kashf-zunun-furqan p. 212}.
- Abu al-Husayn al-Quduri Ahmad ibn Muhammad
Person
Abu al-Husayn Ahmad b. Muhammad al-Quduri of Baghdad — head of Iraq's Hanafis and author of the celebrated Mukhtasar; a gifted prose-writer who debated Abu Hamid al-Isfarayini yet magnified him beyond measure. Born 362, …
- Abu Ja'far al-Tahawi
Person
A Hanafi hadith scholar and jurist of Egypt from the tribe of Azd, said to have taken knowledge from about three hundred teachers; author of Mushkil al-Athar, Ma'ani al-Athar and the Tahawi creed.
- Ala' al-Din al-Kasani
Person
Ala' al-Din Abu Bakr ibn Mas'ud ibn Ahmad al-Kasani, called 'King of the Scholars', a Hanafi jurist from Kasan beyond al-Shash, studied with Ala' al-Din al-Samarqandi, wrote Bada'i' al-Sana'i' and married his teacher's l…
- Hafs ibn Ghiyath
Person
Draft card for Hafs ibn Ghiyath al-Nakha'i, the Abbasid qadi of Kufa and Baghdad and reliable hadith master; his entry is not yet checked on the page.
- Hammad ibn Abi Hanifa
Person
Hammad b. Abi Hanifa — the great imam's son, on his father's school; famous for insisting the deposits left at his father's death be weighed and handed to the qadi to clear his father's obligation; his own son Isma'il wa…
- Ibn Abidin
Person
Muhammad Amin ibn Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz Ibn Abidin of Damascus, the leading Hanafi of the Levant in his time, author of Radd al-muhtar 'ala al-Durr al-mukhtar, known as Hashiyat Ibn Abidin. The entry also names his son Mu…
- Ibn al-Humam
Person
Draft card for Kamal al-Din Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahid al-Siwasi Ibn al-Humam, the fifteenth-century Hanafi polymath author of Fath al-Qadir, d. 1457; the biographical entry is not yet checked on the page.
- Isa ibn Aban
Person
'Isa ibn Aban (d. 836), qadi of Basra and senior Hanafi jurist, author of Ithbat al-Qiyas.
- Muhammad ibn al-Hasan al-Shaybani
Person
Abu Hanifa's great disciple and qadi — dead at Rayy in 189 travelling with al-Rashid {cite:muruj-al-dhahab p. 331}.
- Shams al-A'imma al-Sarakhsi
Person
Draft card for Shams al-A'imma Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Sarakhsi, the Hanafi imam author of al-Mabsut and the Usul al-Fiqh, d. 1090; the biographical entry is not yet checked on the page.
- Zufar ibn al-Hudhayl
Person
Abu Hanifa's companion-jurist, dead in 158 — the year of al-Mahdi's accession {cite:muruj-al-dhahab p. 313}.
- al-Binaya fi Sharh al-Hidaya
Work
Badr al-Din al-'Ayni's commentary on al-Marghinani's al-Hidaya in ten volumes, very full in documenting the hadiths of rulings and setting out the schools of the scholars of the great cities, as the biography printed wit…
- Al-Fiqh al-Absat
Work
Draft card for Al-Fiqh al-Absat; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
- Al-Fiqh al-Akbar
Work
Draft card for al-Fiqh al-Akbar attributed to Abu Hanifa, the old Hanafi creedal text; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
- al-Hidaya Sharh Bidayat al-Mubtadi
Work
The commentary of Burhan al-Din Ali ibn Abi Bakr al-Marghinani (511-593 AH) on his own base text Bidayat al-Mubtadi, in which he had combined al-Quduri's Mukhtasar with Muhammad ibn al-Hasan's al-Jami' al-Saghir, with ad…
- al-'Inaya Sharh al-Hidaya
Work
Draft card for al-'Inaya Sharh al-Hidaya; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
- al-Jami al-Saghir fi al-Fiqh
Work
Draft card for al-Jami al-Saghir fi al-Fiqh; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
- Al-Mabsut (al-Sarakhsi)
Work
Draft card for al-Sarakhsi's al-Mabsut, the 30-volume magnum opus of Hanafi jurisprudence dictated while imprisoned; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
- al-Mawsu'a al-Fiqhiyya (digital copy)
Work
A fiqh encyclopedia arranged by topic, starting with the worship chapters (purity, prayer, funerals, zakat, fasting, pilgrimage). The digital copy's title page credits the Dorar.net compilation under Alawi al-Saqqaf in t…
- al-Mawsu'a al-Fiqhiyya al-Kuwaitiyya (Kuwaiti Fiqh Encyclopedia)
Work
A modern fiqh encyclopedia issued by the Ministry of Awqaf and Islamic Affairs in Kuwait. Its headwords are fiqh terms arranged alphabetically; under each question it sets out the juristic positions with their evidence, …
- al-Muwafaqat fi Usul al-Shari'a
Work
A work on the principles of the Shari'a by Abu Ishaq al-Shatibi of Granada, a Maliki (d. 790 AH), which its author divided into five parts: preliminary premises, rulings, the objectives of the law, the legal proofs, and …
- al-Aqida al-Tahawiyya (the Tahawi creed)
Work
A short statement of the creed of Ahl al-Sunna wa'l-Jama'a by Abu Ja'far al-Tahawi, who presents it as the creed of the jurists of the community Abu Hanifa, Abu Yusuf and Muhammad ibn al-Hasan; about 134 articles from ta…
- Bidayat al-Mubtadi
Work
A Hanafi base text that al-Marghinani wrote first, combining al-Quduri's Mukhtasar with Muhammad ibn al-Hasan's al-Jami' al-Saghir, going beyond them only where frequent cases required, and following the order of al-Jami…
- Bidayat al-Mujtahid wa-Nihayat al-Muqtasid
Work
A work of comparative law by the judge Abu al-Walid Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Rushd al-Hafid (520-595 AH). In its preface he says he set down for himself, as an aide-memoire, the legal questions agreed and disputed, with th…
- Fatawa A'immat al-Muslimin bi-Qat' Lisan al-Mubtadi'in
Work
A fatwa collection by Mahmud Khattab al-Subki opposing popular innovations at funerals, celebrations and the mawlid, with replies from Al-Azhar scholars, including a ruling on mocking religious rites.
- Kafi al-Mubtadi'
Work
Draft card for Kafi al-Mubtadi'; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
- Madkhal al-Shari al-Sharif ala al-Madhahib
Work
Draft card for Madkhal al-Shari al-Sharif ala al-Madhahib; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
- Matn al-Idah fi al-Manasik
Work
Draft card for Matn al-Idah fi al-Manasik; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
- Matn al-Quduri
Work
Mukhtasar al-Quduri in Hanafi fiqh by Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-Quduri of Baghdad (d. 428 AH) — a prose manual of some twelve thousand mas'alas gathering the student's provision of the school's fiqh; one of the great Hanafi …
- Mukhtasar al-Tahawi
Work
Draft card for Mukhtasar al-Tahawi; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
- Nihayat al-Hidaya
Work
Draft card for Nihayat al-Hidaya, of Zakariyya al-Ansari's corpus; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
- Sharh Ma'ani al-Athar
Work
Draft card for Imam al-Tahawi's Sharh ma'ani al-athar, reconciling prophetic traditions with legal deduction; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
The Malikis
The school of Malik ibn Anas and the people of Medina: its companions, its books, the practice of Medina it rests on, and what was recorded in its tabaqat.
- The Maliki school (madhhab)
Group
Malik ibn Anas's school — third of the madhhabs in resort to ra'y {cite:duha-islam p. 502}, working the tool of istislah, the safeguarding of religion, life, reason, progeny and wealth {cite:duha-islam p. 504}.
- Abd Al Rahman Ibn Al Qasim
Person
Ibn al-Qasim — Malik's Egyptian transmitter {cite:fihrist-ibn-al-nadim}
- Abdallah Ibn Wahb Al Misri
Person
Ibn Wahb — the Egyptian transmitter of the Muwatta {cite:fihrist-ibn-al-nadim}
- Abu Ishaq al-Shatibi
Person
Abu Ishaq Ibrahim ibn Musa ibn Muhammad al-Lakhmi of Granada, known as al-Shatibi (d. 790 AH), a legal theorist and hadith memoriser of Granada and one of the Maliki imams, author of al-Muwafaqat fi Usul al-Shari'a, al-I…
- al-Ashhab ibn Abd al-Aziz
Person
Abu Umar al-Ashhab ibn Abd al-Aziz, the Maliki who studied under Malik and the Medinese and Egyptians; born 150, died in Egypt 204 after al-Shafi'i — 'I never saw anyone more learned than Ashhab were it not for a reckles…
- al-Dardir
Person
Draft card for Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-Dardir, the eighteenth-century Maliki jurist of Egypt author of al-Sharh al-Kabir, d. 1786; the biographical entry is not yet checked on the page.
- Ibn Rushd al-Hafid (Averroes)
Person
Abu al-Walid Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Rushd of Cordoba, Ibn Rushd al-Hafid, was a judge of Cordoba, a Maliki jurist, a physician and a philosopher, known in the West as Averroes and the Commentator of Aristotle. According …
- ابن رشد الجد
Person
Abu al-Walid Ibn Rushd 'al-Jadd' — Cordoba's chief Maliki qadi, high-chained hadith vessel and author; lived seventy years and died around 520; grandfather of Ibn Rushd the grandson {cite:shadharat-dhahab p. 540}.
- al-Layth ibn Sa'd
Person
al-Layth ibn Sa'd al-Fahmi of Egypt, the jurist and hadith-master of second-century Egypt; in al-Baladhuri: Abd al-Malik ibn Salih, governor of the marches, wrote consulting him among the jurists of the age about the peo…
- Malik ibn Anas
Person
Imam of Medina and author of the Muwatta; born in Medina, he studied with its scholars and taught there until his death in 179 AH. The Maliki school of law bears his name. The Encyclopaedia of Islam says the date of his …
- Muhammad ibn Ibrahim ibn Dinar
Person
Muhammad ibn Ibrahim ibn Dinar of Medina, among Malik's senior students; he studied with him and 'Ali ibn Harban, and al-Shafi'i said 'I never saw among Malik's young companions anyone more learned than Muhammad ibn Dina…
- al-Mawsu'a al-Fiqhiyya (digital copy)
Work
A fiqh encyclopedia arranged by topic, starting with the worship chapters (purity, prayer, funerals, zakat, fasting, pilgrimage). The digital copy's title page credits the Dorar.net compilation under Alawi al-Saqqaf in t…
- al-Mawsu'a al-Fiqhiyya al-Kuwaitiyya (Kuwaiti Fiqh Encyclopedia)
Work
A modern fiqh encyclopedia issued by the Ministry of Awqaf and Islamic Affairs in Kuwait. Its headwords are fiqh terms arranged alphabetically; under each question it sets out the juristic positions with their evidence, …
- al-Mudawwanah al-Jami'ah
Work
Draft card for al-Mudawwanah al-Jami'ah, the international hadith encyclopedia edited under contemporary scholarly supervision; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
- al-Mudawwana al-Kubra
Work
Draft card for al-Mudawwana al-Kubra, Sahnun's compilation of Imam Malik's fatwas through Asad ibn al-Furat, the fountainhead of Maliki jurisprudence; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
- al-Muwafaqat fi Usul al-Shari'a
Work
A work on the principles of the Shari'a by Abu Ishaq al-Shatibi of Granada, a Maliki (d. 790 AH), which its author divided into five parts: preliminary premises, rulings, the objectives of the law, the legal proofs, and …
- Bidayat al-Mujtahid wa-Nihayat al-Muqtasid
Work
A work of comparative law by the judge Abu al-Walid Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Rushd al-Hafid (520-595 AH). In its preface he says he set down for himself, as an aide-memoire, the legal questions agreed and disputed, with th…
- Fatawa A'immat al-Muslimin bi-Qat' Lisan al-Mubtadi'in
Work
A fatwa collection by Mahmud Khattab al-Subki opposing popular innovations at funerals, celebrations and the mawlid, with replies from Al-Azhar scholars, including a ruling on mocking religious rites.
- Madkhal al-Shari al-Sharif ala al-Madhahib
Work
Draft card for Madkhal al-Shari al-Sharif ala al-Madhahib; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
- Matn Ibn Ashir
Work
Draft card for Ibn Ashir's al-Murshid al-mu'in, the classical didactic poem on Maliki fiqh and Ash'ari creed; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
- Mukhtasar Khalil
Work
Draft card for Khalil ibn Ishaq al-Jundi's Mukhtasar, the Maliki fiqh manual; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
- Muwatta of Imam Malik
Work
The Muwatta of Imam Malik ibn Anas (d. 179 AH): one of the earliest hadith and jurisprudence works arranged by chapter, compiled in Medina. Its most widely read transmission is the recension of Yahya ibn Yahya al-Laythi.…
- Al-Risalah (Ibn Abi Zayd)
Work
Draft card for Ibn Abi Zayd al-Qayrawani's Risala, the famous Maliki epitome; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
The Shafi'is
The school of al-Shafi'i: its companions, its books, its usul and qiyas method, and what the later scholars followed.
- The Shafi'i school (madhhab)
Group
The Shafi'i school is a Sunni legal school whose members claim to follow al-Shafi'i, who died in 204/820. The Encyclopaedia of Islam reports that a school in the personal sense formed in the first half of the third Islam…
- Abu Ishaq al-Shirazi
Person
A Shafi'i jurist and usulist, author of Tabaqat al-fuqaha and al-Muhadhdhab; born at Firuzabad in 393 AH, studied in Fars, Basra and Baghdad, and became one of the leading Shafi'i jurists of his time; he declined the chi…
- Abu Ya'qub al-Buwayti
Person
Al-Shafi'i's chosen disciple who filled his place in lesson and fatwa; carried to Baghdad in al-Wathiq's days of the mihna and refusing the created-Qur'an he died in chains — al-Rabi' saw him on a mule, collared and fett…
- Abu Hamid al-Ghazali
Person
Hujjat al-Islam al-Ghazali the Shafi'i, author of the Ihya' — of which al-Nawawi said that were all Islam's books lost and the Ihya' alone remained it would suffice; he died at Tus in 505 {cite:kashf-zunun-furqan p. 221}…
- al-Mawardi
Person
Abu al-Hasan Ali ibn Muhammad al-Mawardi al-Shafi'i, d. AH 450 — author of A'lam al-Tubwa, a twenty-one-chapter epitome on the proofs of prophethood {cite:kashf-zunun-furqan p. 518}.
- al-Muzani
Person
Abu Ibrahim Isma'il b. Yahya al-Muzani, author of the Mukhtasar and al-Shafi'i's great pupil — died in Egypt, Rabi' I 264 {cite:muruj-al-dhahab p. 576-577}.
- Imam al-Nawawi
Person
Abu Zakariyya Yahya al-Nawawi was a Shafi'i jurist and hadith scholar, born in Muharram 631 AH at Nawa south of Damascus and brought by his father to the Rawahiyya madrasa in Damascus in 649. He headed the Ashrafiyya dar…
- Al-Rabi ibn Sulayman al-Muradi
Person
The muezzin of the congregational mosque of Fustat — al-Shafi'i's own companion and the transmitter of his books, a rock-solid thiqa in his transmission; al-Subki judges his riwaya preferred even over al-Muzani's. Born 1…
- al-Rafi'i al-Qazwini
Person
Draft card for Abd al-Karim al-Rafi'i al-Qazwini, the thirteenth-century Shafi'i jurist author of al-Aziz sharh al-Wajiz, d. 1226; the biographical entry is not yet checked on the page.
- Muhammad ibn Idris al-Shafi'i
Person
Imam of the Shafi'i school, born in 150/767 at Gaza, Ashkelon or Yemen according to different reports, raised an orphan in Mecca, a pupil of Malik ibn Anas in Medina, who passed through a crisis before Harun al-Rashid, l…
- al-Shirazi
Person
Ibrahim ibn Ali al-Shirazi “Abu Ishaq” (1003–1083), Shafi'i jurist and chief of the Baghdad Nizamiyya, author of al-Muhadhdhab.
- Al-Za'farani
Person
A Baghdad imam — jurist, hadith scholar and master of eloquence — counted among the transmitters of al-Shafi'i's 'old' (Iraqi) corpus; al-Mawardi called him 'the most flourishing of the qadim transmitters'. He was the re…
- شيخ الإسلام ابن حجر العسقلاني
Person
Egyptian hadith scholar, historian and chief judge, born in Cairo in 773/1372 and died in 852/1449. He studied hadith under al-Iraqi, taught at the Baybarsiyya khanqah, served as mufti and librarian of the Mahmudiyya, an…
- Taqi al-Din al-Subki
Person
Shaykh al-Islam Taqi al-Din Ali ibn Abd al-Kafi al-Subki (683–756/1284–1355), Shafi'i jurist, muhaddith and theologian; he heard hadith in Egypt in his youth, journeyed to Damascus and made the hajj, taught at the Mansur…
- Al-Hawi al-Kabir
Work
Draft card for Al-Hawi al-Kabir, of Zakariyya al-Ansari's corpus; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
- al-Lubab fi al-Fiqh al-Shafii
Work
Draft card for al-Lubab fi al-Fiqh al-Shafii; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
- al-Majmu' Sharh al-Muhadhdhab
Work
The commentary of Yahya ibn Sharaf al-Nawawi (d. 676 AH) on Abu Ishaq al-Shirazi's al-Muhadhdhab in Shafi'i law. It explains the author's text, establishes the school's doctrine and the views of its masters, and then giv…
- al-Mawsu'a al-Fiqhiyya (digital copy)
Work
A fiqh encyclopedia arranged by topic, starting with the worship chapters (purity, prayer, funerals, zakat, fasting, pilgrimage). The digital copy's title page credits the Dorar.net compilation under Alawi al-Saqqaf in t…
- al-Mawsu'a al-Fiqhiyya al-Kuwaitiyya (Kuwaiti Fiqh Encyclopedia)
Work
A modern fiqh encyclopedia issued by the Ministry of Awqaf and Islamic Affairs in Kuwait. Its headwords are fiqh terms arranged alphabetically; under each question it sets out the juristic positions with their evidence, …
- Al-Muhadhdhab fi Fiqh al-Imam al-Shafi’i
Work
Draft card for Al-Muhadhdhab fi Fiqh al-Imam al-Shafi’i; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
- Al-Muhadhdhab fi Fiqh al-Imam al-Shafi'i
Work
Abu Ishaq al-Shirazi's great fiqh compendium, written between 455/1063 and 469/1077; with al-Tanbih it became one of the five reference works of the Shafi'i school and drew a vast critical apparatus, including al-Nawawi'…
- al-Muwafaqat fi Usul al-Shari'a
Work
A work on the principles of the Shari'a by Abu Ishaq al-Shatibi of Granada, a Maliki (d. 790 AH), which its author divided into five parts: preliminary premises, rulings, the objectives of the law, the legal proofs, and …
- Al-Risala
Work
Draft card for al-Shafi'i's al-Risala, the founding book of usul al-fiqh; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
- Al-Tanbih fi al-Fiqh al-Shafi'i
Work
Abu Ishaq al-Shirazi's fiqh epitome, composed between 452/1060 and 453/1061; more than seventy commentaries were written on it {cite:encyclopaedia-of-islam-2 vol. 9 p. 495}.
- Al-Tanqih fi Sharh al-Wasit
Work
Draft card for Al-Tanqih fi Sharh al-Wasit; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
- Al-Wajiz fi Fiqh al-Imam al-Shafi'i
Work
Draft card for al-Ghazali's al-Wajiz fi fiqh al-Imam al-Shafi'i, a classical manual of Shafi'i jurisprudence; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
- al-Wasit fi al-Madhhab
Work
Draft card for al-Wasit fi al-Madhhab, al-Ghazali's Shafi'i fiqh manual; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
- al-Zubad
Work
Al-Zubad of Ibn Ruslan in Shafi'i fiqh by Ahmad ibn Ruslan al-Ja'di (d. 844 AH) — a didactic poem of about a hundred and forty rajaz lines epitomising the school's fiqh chapters; a Shafi'i verse matn in the lessons {cite…
- Bidayat al-Mujtahid wa-Nihayat al-Muqtasid
Work
A work of comparative law by the judge Abu al-Walid Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Rushd al-Hafid (520-595 AH). In its preface he says he set down for himself, as an aide-memoire, the legal questions agreed and disputed, with th…
- Fatawa A'immat al-Muslimin bi-Qat' Lisan al-Mubtadi'in
Work
A fatwa collection by Mahmud Khattab al-Subki opposing popular innovations at funerals, celebrations and the mawlid, with replies from Al-Azhar scholars, including a ruling on mocking religious rites.
- Kitab al-Umm
Work
Kitab al-Umm of the Imam Muhammad ibn Idris al-Shafi'i (150-204 AH), transmitted from him by al-Rabi' ibn Sulayman al-Muradi, in which al-Shafi'i sets out the questions of law chapter by chapter with his arguments and de…
- Madkhal al-Shari al-Sharif ala al-Madhahib
Work
Draft card for Madkhal al-Shari al-Sharif ala al-Madhahib; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
- Matn Abi Shujaʿ
Work
Ghayat al-Ikhtisar, known as Matn Abi Shuja', in Shafi'i fiqh by Ahmad ibn al-Husayn al-Asfahani Abu Shuja' (d. ca. 593 AH) — a prose manual gathering the fiqh chapters from tahara to jinayat; the best-known Shafi'i prim…
- Matn al-Minhaj fi Madhhab al-Shafii
Work
Draft card for Matn al-Minhaj fi Madhhab al-Shafii; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
- Minhaj al-Talibin (al-Nawawi)
Work
Draft card for al-Nawawi's Minhaj al-talibin, the paramount manual of Shafi'i jurisprudence; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
- Mughni al-Muhtaj
Work
Draft card for Mughni al-Muhtaj, of Zakariyya al-Ansari's corpus; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
- Mukhtasar al-Buwayti
Work
Draft card for Mukhtasar al-Buwayti; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
- Mukhtasar al-Muzani
Work
Draft card for Mukhtasar al-Muzani; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
- Safinat al-Najah
Work
Safinat al-Najah in Shafi'i fiqh by Salim ibn Abdullah ibn Sumayr al-Hadrami (d. 1271 AH) — a prose primer gathering the first chapters of worship and dealings on the school; the beginner's text in the Hadramawt and Java…
- Tabaqat al-Fuqaha' al-Shafi'iyya
Work
Draft card for Tabaqat al-Fuqaha' al-Shafi'iyya; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
- Tabaqat al-Shafi'iyya al-Kubra
Work
Taj al-Din al-Subki's great biographical dictionary of Shafi'i scholars, the largest of his three Tabaqat versions (kubra, wusta, sughra), combining history, adab, law and tradition on the model of Ibn 'Asakir's Tabyin k…
The Hanbalis
The school of Ahmad ibn Hanbal: its companions, its books, and its method of transmission, doctrine and revealed texts.
- The Hanbali school (madhhab)
Group
One of the four Sunni schools of law, named after Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal; it gives precedence to the revealed text, transmitted reports and the fatwas of the Companions, and was preserved and written down by his students …
- Ahmad ibn Hanbal
Person
Imam of Baghdad, hadith scholar, jurist and theologian (164-241 AH, 780-855 CE), compiler of the Musnad and eponym of the Hanbali school, which gives precedence to the revealed text and transmitted reports. He travelled …
- al-Buhuti Mansur ibn Yunus
Person
Hanbali jurist, shaykh of the Hanbalis in Egypt in his time, named after Buhut in the Gharbiyya province; wrote extensively on Hanbali law and also on exegesis, legal theory and inheritance; born 1000 AH (1591 CE), died …
- Ibn Qudama al-Maqdisi
Person
Muwaffaq al-Din Abu Muhammad Abd Allah ibn Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Qudama al-Maqdisi, later of Damascus and al-Salihiyya (541–620 AH), the leading Hanbali of his time and author of al-Mughni, al-Kafi, al-Muqni', al-Umda, …
- Ibn Rajab al-Hanbali
Person
The Hanbali hadith master and jurist Zayn al-Din Abu al-Faraj Abd al-Rahman ibn Ahmad, known as Ibn Rajab after his grandfather Rajab; born in Baghdad in 736 AH, moved to Damascus in 744, travelled for learning to Egypt,…
- Ibn Taymiyya
Person
The Hanbali jurist and theologian titled Shaykh al-Islam Taqi al-Din, of Harran and Damascus, author of al-Aqida al-Wasitiyya, which he wrote in 698 AH. Al-Dhahabi's Siyar entry (juz 17, p. 541) has him born on 10 Rabi' …
- Umar ibn Husayn al-Khiraqi
Person
Abu'l-Qasim al-Khiraqi, the Hanbali jurist whose Mukhtasar became one of the school's two foundational manuals; he died on the day of Fitr and was buried at Bab Harb beside Imam Ahmad's grave {cite:muntazam-ibn-al-jawzi …
- Al-Furu'
Work
Draft card for Al-Furu'; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
- Al-Kafi (Ibn Qudama)
Work
Draft card for Ibn Qudama's al-Kafi fi fiqh al-Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal, a comprehensive manual intermediate between al-Muqni and al-Mughni; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
- al-Mawsu'a al-Fiqhiyya (digital copy)
Work
A fiqh encyclopedia arranged by topic, starting with the worship chapters (purity, prayer, funerals, zakat, fasting, pilgrimage). The digital copy's title page credits the Dorar.net compilation under Alawi al-Saqqaf in t…
- al-Mawsu'a al-Fiqhiyya al-Kuwaitiyya (Kuwaiti Fiqh Encyclopedia)
Work
A modern fiqh encyclopedia issued by the Ministry of Awqaf and Islamic Affairs in Kuwait. Its headwords are fiqh terms arranged alphabetically; under each question it sets out the juristic positions with their evidence, …
- al-Mughni
Work
Ibn Qudama al-Maqdisi's commentary on the Mukhtasar of al-Kharaqi, the most famous of its commentaries; he writes out each question from the base text, then lays out the imams' positions and their evidence and gives his …
- Al-Muqni'
Work
Draft card for Al-Muqni'; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
- Al-Muqni (Ibn Qudama)
Work
Draft card for Ibn Qudama's al-Muqni in Hanbali fiqh; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
- al-Muwafaqat fi Usul al-Shari'a
Work
A work on the principles of the Shari'a by Abu Ishaq al-Shatibi of Granada, a Maliki (d. 790 AH), which its author divided into five parts: preliminary premises, rulings, the objectives of the law, the legal proofs, and …
- Al-Sharh al-Kabir
Work
Draft card for Al-Sharh al-Kabir; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
- Bidayat al-Mujtahid wa-Nihayat al-Muqtasid
Work
A work of comparative law by the judge Abu al-Walid Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Rushd al-Hafid (520-595 AH). In its preface he says he set down for himself, as an aide-memoire, the legal questions agreed and disputed, with th…
- al-Dhayl ala Tabaqat al-Hanabila
Work
Ibn Rajab al-Hanbali's (736–795 AH) biographical dictionary of Hanbali jurists and traditionists, a continuation of Ibn Abi Ya'la's Tabaqat, arranged by year of death; in al-Fiqi's edition its second part opens the death…
- Fatawa A'immat al-Muslimin bi-Qat' Lisan al-Mubtadi'in
Work
A fatwa collection by Mahmud Khattab al-Subki opposing popular innovations at funerals, celebrations and the mawlid, with replies from Al-Azhar scholars, including a ruling on mocking religious rites.
- Madkhal al-Shari al-Sharif ala al-Madhahib
Work
Draft card for Madkhal al-Shari al-Sharif ala al-Madhahib; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
- al-Madkhal ila Madhhab al-Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal
Work
Ibn Badran's book in an introduction and eight chapters introducing the Hanbali school: the Imam's creed, the reason the school was chosen, its principles, the path of his companions, its legal theory, its terminology, i…
- Majmu' al-Fatawa
Work
The great collection of the fatwas, treatises and rules of Taqi al-Din Ibn Taymiyya (d. 728 AH), gathered and arranged by subject by Abd al-Rahman ibn Muhammad ibn Qasim with the help of his son Muhammad; it has been pri…
- Mukhtasar al-Kharaqi
Work
The most famous base text of the Hanbali school among its early and middle generations, a concise work on jurisprudence composed by al-Kharaqi; Abu Ishaq al-Barmaki counted its questions at two thousand three hundred.
- Mukhtasar al-Khiraqi
Work
Draft card for Umar ibn al-Husayn al-Khiraqi's Mukhtasar, the foundational Hanbali fiqh manual; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
- Mukhtasar al-Sawa'iq al-Mursala (Ibn al-Mawsili)
Work
An abridgement of Ibn al-Qayyim's al-Sawa'iq al-Mursala by Shams al-Din Muhammad Ibn al-Mawsili (d. 774 AH), the older and better known of the book's two abridgements, important because it preserves an abridgement of the…
- Tabaqat al-Hanabilah
Work
Draft card for Ibn Abi Ya'la's Tabaqat al-Hanabila; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
- 'Umdat al-Fiqh
Work
Draft card for 'Umdat al-Fiqh; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
Other schools
Legal schools outside the four as the tradition recorded them: the Zahiri, Ja'fari and Ibadi schools — shown in their own section so the four madhhabs stay the frame.
- Ibadiyya
Group
The Ibadiyya — followers of Abdallah ibn Ibad, the one Khariji branch to survive, in North Africa, Oman, Hadramawt and Zanzibar, with a kalam touched by the Mu'tazila and a fiqh of its own {cite:duha-islam p. 948}.
- The Ja'fari school
Group
The Ja'fari school is the Twelver school of fiqh traced to Ja'far al-Sadiq; the heresiographies treat it within the Imamiyya and academic study presents it as Twelver jurisprudence {cite:milal-nihal-shahrastani} {cite:mo…
- The Zahiri school (madhhab)
Group
Dawud ibn Ali al-Isbahani's school — literalist, rejecting qiyas outright: God legislated, not reason; smallest of the circles of ra'y, strongest in Persia and al-Andalus {cite:duha-islam p. 567-568}.
- Abdallah ibn Ibad
Person
Abdallah ibn Ibad — the eponym of the Ibadiyya, the one Khariji branch to survive, in North Africa, Oman, Hadramawt and Zanzibar, with a fiqh and kalam of its own shaped partly by the Mu'tazila {cite:duha-islam p. 948}.
- Muhammad ibn Ya'qub al-Kulayni
Person
Muhammad ibn Ya'qub al-Kulayni, Abu Ja'far, the Imami traditionist from Kulayn near Rayy; schooled at Qumm, then shaykh of the Imamiyya of Rayy in al-Najashi's words, he moved to Baghdad about the first decade of the 4th…
- داود الظاهري
Person
Dawud ibn Ali al-Isbahani — Kufa-born (c. 200), Baghdad-bred (d. 270); a zealous Shafi'i who wrote al-Shafi'i's virtues then broke away to found the literalist Zahiri school, rejecting qiyas and holding to the evident te…
- أبو محمد ابن حزم الأندلسي
Person
Abu Muhammad Ali b. Ahmad Ibn Hazm, the Zahiri imam of al-Andalus, author of Tawq al-Hamama and al-Fisal {cite:nafh-tib-maqqari}. Born at Cordoba in 384/994 and died at Manta Lisham in 456/1064, he was an Andalusian poet…
- Ja'far ibn Muhammad al-Sadiq
Person
Abu 'Abd Allah Ja'far al-Sadiq, a Medinan transmitter of hadith cited with respect in Sunni chains, and the last imam recognised by both the Twelver and the Isma'ili Shi'is, who regard him as sixth and fifth imam respect…
- al-Fisal fi al-Milal wa-l-Ahwa' wa-l-Nihal
Work
Ibn Hazm of al-Andalus's (384-456 AH) work on religions, sects and theological questions, in which he aimed, he says, to present proofs that go back to sense perception, in clear language without obscurity; he ranks the …
- al-Kafi fi 'Ilm al-Din
Work
al-Kulayni's al-Kafi — the great Shi'i hadith corpus: sixteen thousand reports sorted sound/fair/weak over three parts {cite:duha-islam p. 850, 891}.
- al-Muhalla bi-l-Athar
Work
Ibn Hazm of al-Andalus's (d. 456 AH) al-Muhalla bi-l-Athar fi Sharh al-Mujalla bi-l-Ikhtisar, an independent commentary on his short legal text al-Mujalla, stating each question, then his proof from the Qur'an, Sunna and…
- Bidayat al-Mujtahid wa-Nihayat al-Muqtasid
Work
A work of comparative law by the judge Abu al-Walid Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Rushd al-Hafid (520-595 AH). In its preface he says he set down for himself, as an aide-memoire, the legal questions agreed and disputed, with th…
- Gharaib Fiqhiyya ind al-Shia al-Imamiyya
Work
Draft card for Gharaib Fiqhiyya ind al-Shia al-Imamiyya; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
The salaf and tabi'in
The generation on whom the fiqh was built before the schools settled: the imams of Kufah, Basra and the Hijaz among the Successors and their successors — Ibrahim al-Nakha'i, al-Sha'bi, al-Awza'i, Sufyan al-Thawri and their like.
- Abd Al Rahman Ibn Al Qasim
Person
Ibn al-Qasim — Malik's Egyptian transmitter {cite:fihrist-ibn-al-nadim}
- Abdallah Ibn Wahb Al Misri
Person
Ibn Wahb — the Egyptian transmitter of the Muwatta {cite:fihrist-ibn-al-nadim}
- Abu al-Qasim al-Shabi
Person
Tunisia's national poet (1909–1934), born at al-Shabiya in the Tozeur region and educated at the Zaytuna, where he took a law diploma in 1930; he died young of heart disease in Tunis. He wrote 'The Will to Live' and 'To …
- Abu Yusuf Al Qadi
Person
Abu Yusuf — the qadi whose corpus the Fihrist enumerates {cite:fihrist-ibn-al-nadim}. Tarikh Baghdad (#7558): seventeen years at Abu Hanifa's side, then seventeen given to the world; on his deathbed 'would that I had die…
- Al-A'mash, Sulayman ibn Mihran
Person
A hadith scholar, reciter and expert in inheritance law, nicknamed al-A'mash for weakness of sight. Accounts of his birthplace differ.
- al-Ashhab ibn Abd al-Aziz
Person
Abu Umar al-Ashhab ibn Abd al-Aziz, the Maliki who studied under Malik and the Medinese and Egyptians; born 150, died in Egypt 204 after al-Shafi'i — 'I never saw anyone more learned than Ashhab were it not for a reckles…
- Al-Awza'i, Abd al-Rahman ibn Amr
Person
The imam and foremost jurist of Syria in his time. Historians differ on the origin of his nisba al-Awza'i.
- Abu Ya'qub al-Buwayti
Person
Al-Shafi'i's chosen disciple who filled his place in lesson and fatwa; carried to Baghdad in al-Wathiq's days of the mihna and refusing the created-Qur'an he died in chains — al-Rabi' saw him on a mule, collared and fett…
- Abu al-Hasan al-Basri
Person
A famous preacher of Basra among the Successors in the Umayyad period. The Encyclopaedia of Islam gives his years as 21/642 to 110/728 and says his fame rests on his sincere character and on sermons and sayings that warn…
- al-Muzani
Person
Abu Ibrahim Isma'il b. Yahya al-Muzani, author of the Mukhtasar and al-Shafi'i's great pupil — died in Egypt, Rabi' I 264 {cite:muruj-al-dhahab p. 576-577}.
- Abu al-Husayn al-Quduri Ahmad ibn Muhammad
Person
Abu al-Husayn Ahmad b. Muhammad al-Quduri of Baghdad — head of Iraq's Hanafis and author of the celebrated Mukhtasar; a gifted prose-writer who debated Abu Hamid al-Isfarayini yet magnified him beyond measure. Born 362, …
- Al-Rabi ibn Sulayman al-Muradi
Person
The muezzin of the congregational mosque of Fustat — al-Shafi'i's own companion and the transmitter of his books, a rock-solid thiqa in his transmission; al-Subki judges his riwaya preferred even over al-Muzani's. Born 1…
- Hafs ibn Ghiyath
Person
Draft card for Hafs ibn Ghiyath al-Nakha'i, the Abbasid qadi of Kufa and Baghdad and reliable hadith master; his entry is not yet checked on the page.
- Hammad ibn Abi Hanifa
Person
Hammad b. Abi Hanifa — the great imam's son, on his father's school; famous for insisting the deposits left at his father's death be weighed and handed to the qadi to clear his father's obligation; his own son Isma'il wa…
- Ibrahim al-Nakha'i
Person
أبو عمران إبراهيم بن يزيد النخعي، من فقهاء التابعين، نشأ في أهل بيت فقه؛ قال أحمد إنه مات سنة ست وتسعين، وقال الشعبي حين بلغه موته: لو قلت أنعى العلم ما خلف بعده مثله {cite:tabaqat-fuqaha-abbas-1981 p. 44}.
- Isa ibn Aban
Person
'Isa ibn Aban (d. 836), qadi of Basra and senior Hanafi jurist, author of Ithbat al-Qiyas.
- al-Layth ibn Sa'd
Person
al-Layth ibn Sa'd al-Fahmi of Egypt, the jurist and hadith-master of second-century Egypt; in al-Baladhuri: Abd al-Malik ibn Salih, governor of the marches, wrote consulting him among the jurists of the age about the peo…
- Muhammad ibn al-Hasan al-Shaybani
Person
Abu Hanifa's great disciple and qadi — dead at Rayy in 189 travelling with al-Rashid {cite:muruj-al-dhahab p. 331}.
- Muhammad ibn Ibrahim ibn Dinar
Person
Muhammad ibn Ibrahim ibn Dinar of Medina, among Malik's senior students; he studied with him and 'Ali ibn Harban, and al-Shafi'i said 'I never saw among Malik's young companions anyone more learned than Muhammad ibn Dina…
- Muhammad ibn Shihab al-Zuhri
Person
Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Muslim ibn Shihab al-Zuhri, who died in 124/742, is described by the Encyclopaedia of Islam as one of the founders of Islamic tradition. He studied under Sa'id ibn al-Musayyab and Urwa ibn al-Zubayr…
- محمد بن سيرين
Person
In al-Baladhuri: Muhammad ibn Sirin, son of the Sirin taken captive in Ayn al-Tamr's church with his brothers Yahya, Anas and Ma'bad — Ma'bad the eldest — mawali of Anas ibn Malik al-Ansari.
- Muqatil Ibn Sulayman
Person
Muqatil ibn Sulayman — Zaydi muhaddith and qur'anic exegete {cite:fihrist-ibn-al-nadim}
- Qatada Ibn Diama
Person
Successor to al-Hasan's seat who named the seceders al-Mu'tazila {cite:fihrist-ibn-al-nadim}
- سفيان الثوري
Person
Imam of Kufa in hadith, who compiled in the first age of codification and counted the caliphs as five — Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman, Ali and Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz. In year 158 al-Mansur ordered his Meccan deputy to imprison hi…
- Sufyan ibn Uyayna
Person
Sufyan ibn Uyayna of Mecca, jurist and hadith-master of second-century Hijaz; in al-Baladhuri: Abd al-Malik ibn Salih wrote consulting him on the people of Cyprus, and he answered 'we know of no people God covenanted wit…
- Umar ibn Husayn al-Khiraqi
Person
Abu'l-Qasim al-Khiraqi, the Hanbali jurist whose Mukhtasar became one of the school's two foundational manuals; he died on the day of Fitr and was buried at Bab Harb beside Imam Ahmad's grave {cite:muntazam-ibn-al-jawzi …
- Waki' ibn al-Jarrah
Person
Draft card for Waki' ibn al-Jarrah ibn Malih al-Ru'asi al-Kufi, the Kufan hadith master of the eighth century, d. 812; the biographical entry is not yet checked on the page.
- Zufar ibn al-Hudhayl
Person
Abu Hanifa's companion-jurist, dead in 158 — the year of al-Mahdi's accession {cite:muruj-al-dhahab p. 313}.
The books
The codices and treatises that established the schools or compared them — and the didactic mutun the students memorise: the Ajurrumiyya, the Alfiyyas, the Quduri, the Qayrawani Risala, Matn Ibn Ashir, Matn Abi Shuja', the Tahawiyya, the Waraqat, the Bayquniyya, the Jazariyya and the Shatibiyya — beside the Muwatta, the Hidayah, the Mughni, the comparative studies and the histories of the madhhabs.
- Al-Ajurrumiyya
Work
Draft card for Ibn Ajurrum's Ajurrumiyya, the grammar primer studied in the schools for centuries; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
- al-Bayquniyya
Work
Al-Manzuma al-Bayquniyya in hadith terminology by Umar ibn Muhammad al-Bayquni (d. 1080 AH) — thirty-four rajaz lines memorising the divisions of hadith and the conditions of isnad and matn; the first mustalah text in th…
- al-Binaya fi Sharh al-Hidaya
Work
Badr al-Din al-'Ayni's commentary on al-Marghinani's al-Hidaya in ten volumes, very full in documenting the hadiths of rulings and setting out the schools of the scholars of the great cities, as the biography printed wit…
- al-Durra al-Alfiyya fi Ilm al-Arabiyya
Work
Draft card for al-Durra al-Alfiyya fi Ilm al-Arabiyya; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
- Al-Fiqh al-Absat
Work
Draft card for Al-Fiqh al-Absat; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
- Al-Fiqh al-Akbar
Work
Draft card for al-Fiqh al-Akbar attributed to Abu Hanifa, the old Hanafi creedal text; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
- al-Fisal fi al-Milal wa-l-Ahwa' wa-l-Nihal
Work
Ibn Hazm of al-Andalus's (384-456 AH) work on religions, sects and theological questions, in which he aimed, he says, to present proofs that go back to sense perception, in clear language without obscurity; he ranks the …
- Al-Furu'
Work
Draft card for Al-Furu'; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
- Al-Hawi al-Kabir
Work
Draft card for Al-Hawi al-Kabir, of Zakariyya al-Ansari's corpus; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
- al-Hidaya Sharh Bidayat al-Mubtadi
Work
The commentary of Burhan al-Din Ali ibn Abi Bakr al-Marghinani (511-593 AH) on his own base text Bidayat al-Mubtadi, in which he had combined al-Quduri's Mukhtasar with Muhammad ibn al-Hasan's al-Jami' al-Saghir, with ad…
- al-'Inaya Sharh al-Hidaya
Work
Draft card for al-'Inaya Sharh al-Hidaya; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
- al-Jami al-Saghir fi al-Fiqh
Work
Draft card for al-Jami al-Saghir fi al-Fiqh; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
- al-Jazariyya
Work
Al-Muqaddima al-Jazariyya in tajwid by Shams al-Din Ibn al-Jazari (d. 833 AH) — about a hundred and seven rajaz lines, called 'al-Muwqidda'; it gathers the articulation points and qualities of the letters, the recitation…
- al-Kafi fi 'Ilm al-Din
Work
al-Kulayni's al-Kafi — the great Shi'i hadith corpus: sixteen thousand reports sorted sound/fair/weak over three parts {cite:duha-islam p. 850, 891}.
- Al-Kafi (Ibn Qudama)
Work
Draft card for Ibn Qudama's al-Kafi fi fiqh al-Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal, a comprehensive manual intermediate between al-Muqni and al-Mughni; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
- al-Kharida al-Bahiyya
Work
Draft card for al-Kharida al-Bahiyya, al-Dardir's famous didactic poem on tawhid and Maliki fiqh taught at al-Azhar; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
- al-Lubab fi al-Fiqh al-Shafii
Work
Draft card for al-Lubab fi al-Fiqh al-Shafii; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
- Al-Mabsut (al-Sarakhsi)
Work
Draft card for al-Sarakhsi's al-Mabsut, the 30-volume magnum opus of Hanafi jurisprudence dictated while imprisoned; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
- al-Majmu' Sharh al-Muhadhdhab
Work
The commentary of Yahya ibn Sharaf al-Nawawi (d. 676 AH) on Abu Ishaq al-Shirazi's al-Muhadhdhab in Shafi'i law. It explains the author's text, establishes the school's doctrine and the views of its masters, and then giv…
- al-Mawsu'a al-Fiqhiyya (digital copy)
Work
A fiqh encyclopedia arranged by topic, starting with the worship chapters (purity, prayer, funerals, zakat, fasting, pilgrimage). The digital copy's title page credits the Dorar.net compilation under Alawi al-Saqqaf in t…
- al-Mawsu'a al-Fiqhiyya al-Kuwaitiyya (Kuwaiti Fiqh Encyclopedia)
Work
A modern fiqh encyclopedia issued by the Ministry of Awqaf and Islamic Affairs in Kuwait. Its headwords are fiqh terms arranged alphabetically; under each question it sets out the juristic positions with their evidence, …
- al-Mudawwanah al-Jami'ah
Work
Draft card for al-Mudawwanah al-Jami'ah, the international hadith encyclopedia edited under contemporary scholarly supervision; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
- al-Mudawwana al-Kubra
Work
Draft card for al-Mudawwana al-Kubra, Sahnun's compilation of Imam Malik's fatwas through Asad ibn al-Furat, the fountainhead of Maliki jurisprudence; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
- al-Mughni
Work
Ibn Qudama al-Maqdisi's commentary on the Mukhtasar of al-Kharaqi, the most famous of its commentaries; he writes out each question from the base text, then lays out the imams' positions and their evidence and gives his …
- Al-Muhadhdhab fi Fiqh al-Imam al-Shafi’i
Work
Draft card for Al-Muhadhdhab fi Fiqh al-Imam al-Shafi’i; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
- Al-Muhadhdhab fi Fiqh al-Imam al-Shafi'i
Work
Abu Ishaq al-Shirazi's great fiqh compendium, written between 455/1063 and 469/1077; with al-Tanbih it became one of the five reference works of the Shafi'i school and drew a vast critical apparatus, including al-Nawawi'…
- al-Muhalla bi-l-Athar
Work
Ibn Hazm of al-Andalus's (d. 456 AH) al-Muhalla bi-l-Athar fi Sharh al-Mujalla bi-l-Ikhtisar, an independent commentary on his short legal text al-Mujalla, stating each question, then his proof from the Qur'an, Sunna and…
- Al-Muqni'
Work
Draft card for Al-Muqni'; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
- Al-Muqni (Ibn Qudama)
Work
Draft card for Ibn Qudama's al-Muqni in Hanbali fiqh; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
- al-Mustasfa min Ilm al-Usul
Work
A work of legal theory by Abu Hamid Muhammad ibn Muhammad al-Ghazali (450-505 AH), written after he returned to teaching at the request of a group of students of law, and meant to sit between his Tahdhib al-Usul and al-M…
- al-Muwafaqat fi Usul al-Shari'a
Work
A work on the principles of the Shari'a by Abu Ishaq al-Shatibi of Granada, a Maliki (d. 790 AH), which its author divided into five parts: preliminary premises, rulings, the objectives of the law, the legal proofs, and …
- al-Rahbiyya
Work
Al-Rahbiyya in the science of inheritance shares by Abu Bakr al-Rahbi (d. after 571 AH) — about two hundred and fifteen basit lines; the most famous of the fara'id mutun and one of the most commented {cite:al-mutun-al-il…
- Al-Risala
Work
Draft card for al-Shafi'i's al-Risala, the founding book of usul al-fiqh; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
- Al-Sharh al-Kabir
Work
Draft card for Al-Sharh al-Kabir; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
- al-Shatibiyya
Work
Hirz al-Amani wa-Wajh al-Tahani on the seven readings by al-Qasim al-Shatibi (d. 590 AH) — about 1,173 long-metre lines; the didactic poem that gathered the rules of the seven qira'at through the two Shatibi paths of al-…
- al-Sullam al-Munawraq
Work
Al-Sullam al-Munawraq in the science of logic by Abd al-Rahman al-Akhdari (d. 983 AH) — a didactic poem of a hundred and forty-four rajaz lines gathering the divisions of speech, the simple and the compound, conceptions …
- Al-Tanbih fi al-Fiqh al-Shafi'i
Work
Abu Ishaq al-Shirazi's fiqh epitome, composed between 452/1060 and 453/1061; more than seventy commentaries were written on it {cite:encyclopaedia-of-islam-2 vol. 9 p. 495}.
- Al-Tanqih fi Sharh al-Wasit
Work
Draft card for Al-Tanqih fi Sharh al-Wasit; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
- Al-Wajiz fi Fiqh al-Imam al-Shafi'i
Work
Draft card for al-Ghazali's al-Wajiz fi fiqh al-Imam al-Shafi'i, a classical manual of Shafi'i jurisprudence; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
- al-Waraqat
Work
Al-Waraqat in usul al-fiqh by Imam al-Haramayn al-Juwayni (d. 478 AH) — a two-page primer gathering the headings of legal theory: divisions, command and prohibition, the general and the specific, the ambiguous and the cl…
- al-Wasit fi al-Madhhab
Work
Draft card for al-Wasit fi al-Madhhab, al-Ghazali's Shafi'i fiqh manual; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
- al-Zubad
Work
Al-Zubad of Ibn Ruslan in Shafi'i fiqh by Ahmad ibn Ruslan al-Ja'di (d. 844 AH) — a didactic poem of about a hundred and forty rajaz lines epitomising the school's fiqh chapters; a Shafi'i verse matn in the lessons {cite…
- Alfiyya al-Iraqi fi Usul al-Hadith
Work
Al-Iraqi's Alfiyya — the thousand-verse epitome of Ibn al-Salah's Ulum al-Hadith with additions, finished at Medina in Jumada al-Akhira AH 768 {cite:kashf-zunun-furqan p. 593}.
- al-Alfiyya fi al-Nahw
Work
Ibn Malik's Alfiyya — the thousand-verse grammar epitome; Kashf al-Zunun lists dozens of commentaries and superglosses on it {cite:kashf-zunun-furqan p. 578-582}.
- al-Aqida al-Tahawiyya (the Tahawi creed)
Work
A short statement of the creed of Ahl al-Sunna wa'l-Jama'a by Abu Ja'far al-Tahawi, who presents it as the creed of the jurists of the community Abu Hanifa, Abu Yusuf and Muhammad ibn al-Hasan; about 134 articles from ta…
- Bad' al-Amali
Work
Bad' al-Amali in the science of creed, a didactic poem attributed to Ali ibn Uthman al-Ushi al-Farghani al-Hanafi (d. ca. 575 AH) — a hundred and seventy-four rajaz lines summing the headings of Maturidi Hanafi belief; o…
- Bidayat al-Mubtadi
Work
A Hanafi base text that al-Marghinani wrote first, combining al-Quduri's Mukhtasar with Muhammad ibn al-Hasan's al-Jami' al-Saghir, going beyond them only where frequent cases required, and following the order of al-Jami…
- Bidayat al-Mujtahid wa-Nihayat al-Muqtasid
Work
A work of comparative law by the judge Abu al-Walid Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Rushd al-Hafid (520-595 AH). In its preface he says he set down for himself, as an aide-memoire, the legal questions agreed and disputed, with th…
- al-Dhayl ala Tabaqat al-Hanabila
Work
Ibn Rajab al-Hanbali's (736–795 AH) biographical dictionary of Hanbali jurists and traditionists, a continuation of Ibn Abi Ya'la's Tabaqat, arranged by year of death; in al-Fiqi's edition its second part opens the death…
- Gharaib Fiqhiyya ind al-Shia al-Imamiyya
Work
Draft card for Gharaib Fiqhiyya ind al-Shia al-Imamiyya; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
- Jawharat al-Tawhid
Work
Jawharat al-Tawhid by Ibrahim al-Laqani al-Maliki (d. 1041 AH) — a didactic poem of a hundred and forty-four rajaz lines gathering the foundations of belief in the divine, the prophetic and the reports; the Azhari school…
- Kafi al-Mubtadi'
Work
Draft card for Kafi al-Mubtadi'; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
- Kitab al-Umm
Work
Kitab al-Umm of the Imam Muhammad ibn Idris al-Shafi'i (150-204 AH), transmitted from him by al-Rabi' ibn Sulayman al-Muradi, in which al-Shafi'i sets out the questions of law chapter by chapter with his arguments and de…
- Madkhal al-Shari al-Sharif ala al-Madhahib
Work
Draft card for Madkhal al-Shari al-Sharif ala al-Madhahib; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
- al-Madkhal ila Madhhab al-Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal
Work
Ibn Badran's book in an introduction and eight chapters introducing the Hanbali school: the Imam's creed, the reason the school was chosen, its principles, the path of his companions, its legal theory, its terminology, i…
- Majmu' al-Fatawa
Work
The great collection of the fatwas, treatises and rules of Taqi al-Din Ibn Taymiyya (d. 728 AH), gathered and arranged by subject by Abd al-Rahman ibn Muhammad ibn Qasim with the help of his son Muhammad; it has been pri…
- Matn Abi Shujaʿ
Work
Ghayat al-Ikhtisar, known as Matn Abi Shuja', in Shafi'i fiqh by Ahmad ibn al-Husayn al-Asfahani Abu Shuja' (d. ca. 593 AH) — a prose manual gathering the fiqh chapters from tahara to jinayat; the best-known Shafi'i prim…
- Matn al-Idah fi al-Manasik
Work
Draft card for Matn al-Idah fi al-Manasik; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
- Matn al-Minhaj fi Madhhab al-Shafii
Work
Draft card for Matn al-Minhaj fi Madhhab al-Shafii; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
- Matn al-Quduri
Work
Mukhtasar al-Quduri in Hanafi fiqh by Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-Quduri of Baghdad (d. 428 AH) — a prose manual of some twelve thousand mas'alas gathering the student's provision of the school's fiqh; one of the great Hanafi …
- Matn Ibn Ashir
Work
Draft card for Ibn Ashir's al-Murshid al-mu'in, the classical didactic poem on Maliki fiqh and Ash'ari creed; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
- Minhaj al-Talibin (al-Nawawi)
Work
Draft card for al-Nawawi's Minhaj al-talibin, the paramount manual of Shafi'i jurisprudence; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
- Mughni al-Muhtaj
Work
Draft card for Mughni al-Muhtaj, of Zakariyya al-Ansari's corpus; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
- Mukhtasar al-Buwayti
Work
Draft card for Mukhtasar al-Buwayti; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
- Mukhtasar al-Kharaqi
Work
The most famous base text of the Hanbali school among its early and middle generations, a concise work on jurisprudence composed by al-Kharaqi; Abu Ishaq al-Barmaki counted its questions at two thousand three hundred.
- Mukhtasar al-Khiraqi
Work
Draft card for Umar ibn al-Husayn al-Khiraqi's Mukhtasar, the foundational Hanbali fiqh manual; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
- Mukhtasar al-Muzani
Work
Draft card for Mukhtasar al-Muzani; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
- Mukhtasar al-Sawa'iq al-Mursala (Ibn al-Mawsili)
Work
An abridgement of Ibn al-Qayyim's al-Sawa'iq al-Mursala by Shams al-Din Muhammad Ibn al-Mawsili (d. 774 AH), the older and better known of the book's two abridgements, important because it preserves an abridgement of the…
- Mukhtasar al-Tahawi
Work
Draft card for Mukhtasar al-Tahawi; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
- Mukhtasar Khalil
Work
Draft card for Khalil ibn Ishaq al-Jundi's Mukhtasar, the Maliki fiqh manual; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
- Muwatta of Imam Malik
Work
The Muwatta of Imam Malik ibn Anas (d. 179 AH): one of the earliest hadith and jurisprudence works arranged by chapter, compiled in Medina. Its most widely read transmission is the recension of Yahya ibn Yahya al-Laythi.…
- Nihayat al-Hidaya
Work
Draft card for Nihayat al-Hidaya, of Zakariyya al-Ansari's corpus; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
- Nukhbat al-Fikar
Work
Nukhbat al-Fikar in the terminology of the hadith folk by Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani (d. 852 AH) — a few pages of prose gathering the rules of hadith science; the author commented it himself in 'Nuzhat al-Nazar', the intermed…
- Qatr al-Nada
Work
Qatr al-Nada wa-Ball al-Sada in grammar by Ibn Hisham al-Ansari (d. 761 AH) — a prose matn gathering the parts of speech, mubtada and khabar, the abrogating verbs, objects, hal, tamyiz, exception, the vocative, the parti…
- Al-Risalah (Ibn Abi Zayd)
Work
Draft card for Ibn Abi Zayd al-Qayrawani's Risala, the famous Maliki epitome; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
- Safinat al-Najah
Work
Safinat al-Najah in Shafi'i fiqh by Salim ibn Abdullah ibn Sumayr al-Hadrami (d. 1271 AH) — a prose primer gathering the first chapters of worship and dealings on the school; the beginner's text in the Hadramawt and Java…
- Sharh Ma'ani al-Athar
Work
Draft card for Imam al-Tahawi's Sharh ma'ani al-athar, reconciling prophetic traditions with legal deduction; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
- Tabaqat al-Fuqaha' al-Shafi'iyya
Work
Draft card for Tabaqat al-Fuqaha' al-Shafi'iyya; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
- Tabaqat al-Hanabilah
Work
Draft card for Ibn Abi Ya'la's Tabaqat al-Hanabila; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
- Tabaqat al-Shafi'iyya al-Kubra
Work
Taj al-Din al-Subki's great biographical dictionary of Shafi'i scholars, the largest of his three Tabaqat versions (kubra, wusta, sughra), combining history, adab, law and tradition on the model of Ibn 'Asakir's Tabyin k…
- Tabaqat al-fuqaha' (Shirazi)
Work
Abu Ishaq al-Shirazi's biographical dictionary of jurists by generations, focusing on the Shafi'i school and on the transmission of teaching within it.
- Tuhfat al-Atfal
Work
A tajwid didactic poem by Sulayman al-Jamzuri (d. ca. 1316 AH) — some sixty-one rajaz lines gathering the rules of the still nun and tanwin, the still mim and the kinds of madd, the beginner's first tajwid text and the m…
- 'Umdat al-Fiqh
Work
Draft card for 'Umdat al-Fiqh; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
The concepts
The terms of fiqh and usul that turn on the schools: the madhhab itself, ijtihad, qiyas, istihsan, taqlid, ikhtilaf, the people of hadith and ra'y.
- Unattested interest (al-maslaha al-mursala, istislah)
Concept
An interest for which no specific text of the law testifies either for or against. In al-Mustasfa al-Ghazali makes istislah the fourth of the 'supposed sources', dividing interests by the law's testimony into those it co…
- Taqlid (blind imitation of inherited views)
Concept
ينكر الشيخ شلتوت التقليد، أي توارث العقائد والآراء عن الآباء والأجداد دون نظر واستدلال، ويذكر أن القرآن ذمه في آيات كثيرة {cite:azhar-quran-building-society-shaltut p. 57}. ويرى أن الجمود على آراء المتقدمين لمجرد أنهم مت…
- Blind imitation (taqlid)
Concept
Wajdi reports, without naming them, that scholars of Islam held the faith of a mere imitator unacceptable, because imitation can be of falsehood as well as truth. He reads Islam as calling each responsible person to use …
- Dalil (evidence in the principles of jurisprudence)
Concept
In lexicon a dalil is a guide or a revealer; as a term it is what, through sound reasoning, leads to knowledge of a factual aim, even if only probable, though some restrict it to the certain. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya…
- Consensus (ijma')
Concept
In the lexicon ijma' means resolve, and sometimes agreement. For the usulis it is the agreement of all the mujtahids of the community after the Prophet's time on a matter of law. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.16…
- Ijtihad (independent juristic reasoning)
Concept
Ijtihad: the jurist's exertion of effort to derive a ruling from the revealed sources. Al-Sayis's view is that it discloses God's ruling rather than legislating, and binds only the mujtahid and those who follow him.
- Ikhtilaf (disagreement among jurists and its kinds)
Concept
Ikhtilaf (disagreement): true disagreement is contrariety; differences of expression and variety go back to agreement. Disagreement in religion has four kinds according to whether the principle is proved by decisive evid…
- Istihsan (juristic preference)
Concept
Istihsan in legal theory is disputed in its very definition: an argument that arises in the jurist's mind but is hard to express; departing from one analogy to a stronger one; or restricting an analogy by something stron…
- The madhhab
Concept
The madhhab in juristic usage is the method of ijtihad and legal inference traced to an imam and his school; the jurists speak of the 'four madhhabs' — Hanafi, Maliki, Shafi'i and Hanbali {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noo…
- Mujtahid
Concept
The mujtahid is one who reaches the rank of deriving rulings from their proofs; the Kuwaiti Fiqh Encyclopedia presents the age of ijtihad and the ranks of mujtahids and jurists {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3}.
- Qiyas
Concept
Qiyas in usul usage is extending a root case's ruling to a branch case for a shared cause; al-Shafi'i counts it in the Risala among the proofs alongside the Book, the Sunna and ijma' {cite:risala-shafii}. Al-Ghazali's Mu…
- Ray': agricultural yield, rental proceeds, and waqf revenue in Islamic jurisprudence
Concept
Ray' lexically denotes growth, increase, and elevated ground, and in Islamic jurisprudence it signifies the agricultural produce of land, the fruits of trees, or the rental revenues derived from real estate and leased as…
- Rukhsa (the concession: a ruling eased for a reason, set against the strict ruling 'azima)
Concept
Rukhsa in the lexicon is ease and permission after a prohibition; in usage it is what is made lighter for the person in doing something, for a cause that prevents him from the strict ruling while the forbidding cause rem…
- Taqlid
Concept
Taqlid in usul usage is accepting another's saying without proof; the Kuwaiti Fiqh Encyclopedia gives it a dedicated entry {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3}.
- Tarjih (preponderance): choosing the stronger of two conflicting evidences, between two reports and between two analogies
Concept
Tarjih in the lexicon is strengthening one of two alike things over the other. The Hanafis define it as showing an excess in one of two alike items that is not independent, and the Shafi'is as one of two valid proofs bei…
- Is every mujtahid right? (taswib and takhti'a)
Concept
A question of legal theory: when two mujtahids reason on a question and reach different answers, are both right, or is one right and the other mistaken? The life of al-Kasani in the introduction to the Bada'i' edition re…
- Can an age be without an independent reasoner (mujtahid)?
Question
A question of legal theory set out by al-Shawkani in Irshad al-Fuhul: may a time be empty of any independent reasoner upholding God's proofs? He reports that the Hanbalis, Abu Ishaq and al-Zubayri denied it, and that Ibn…
Mentions in the sources
Every book, passage or question in the museum that mentions the four madhhabs or one of them — histories of the schools, tabaqat of the jurists, fatwas and comparative questions — with its source.
- al-Binaya fi Sharh al-Hidaya
Work
Badr al-Din al-'Ayni's commentary on al-Marghinani's al-Hidaya in ten volumes, very full in documenting the hadiths of rulings and setting out the schools of the scholars of the great cities, as the biography printed wit…
- Al-Fiqh al-Absat
Work
Draft card for Al-Fiqh al-Absat; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
- Al-Fiqh al-Akbar
Work
Draft card for al-Fiqh al-Akbar attributed to Abu Hanifa, the old Hanafi creedal text; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
- al-Fisal fi al-Milal wa-l-Ahwa' wa-l-Nihal
Work
Ibn Hazm of al-Andalus's (384-456 AH) work on religions, sects and theological questions, in which he aimed, he says, to present proofs that go back to sense perception, in clear language without obscurity; he ranks the …
- Al-Furu'
Work
Draft card for Al-Furu'; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
- Al-Hawi al-Kabir
Work
Draft card for Al-Hawi al-Kabir, of Zakariyya al-Ansari's corpus; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
- al-Hidaya Sharh Bidayat al-Mubtadi
Work
The commentary of Burhan al-Din Ali ibn Abi Bakr al-Marghinani (511-593 AH) on his own base text Bidayat al-Mubtadi, in which he had combined al-Quduri's Mukhtasar with Muhammad ibn al-Hasan's al-Jami' al-Saghir, with ad…
- al-'Inaya Sharh al-Hidaya
Work
Draft card for al-'Inaya Sharh al-Hidaya; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
- al-Jami al-Saghir fi al-Fiqh
Work
Draft card for al-Jami al-Saghir fi al-Fiqh; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
- al-Kafi fi 'Ilm al-Din
Work
al-Kulayni's al-Kafi — the great Shi'i hadith corpus: sixteen thousand reports sorted sound/fair/weak over three parts {cite:duha-islam p. 850, 891}.
- Al-Kafi (Ibn Qudama)
Work
Draft card for Ibn Qudama's al-Kafi fi fiqh al-Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal, a comprehensive manual intermediate between al-Muqni and al-Mughni; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
- al-Lubab fi al-Fiqh al-Shafii
Work
Draft card for al-Lubab fi al-Fiqh al-Shafii; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
- Al-Mabsut (al-Sarakhsi)
Work
Draft card for al-Sarakhsi's al-Mabsut, the 30-volume magnum opus of Hanafi jurisprudence dictated while imprisoned; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
- al-Majmu' Sharh al-Muhadhdhab
Work
The commentary of Yahya ibn Sharaf al-Nawawi (d. 676 AH) on Abu Ishaq al-Shirazi's al-Muhadhdhab in Shafi'i law. It explains the author's text, establishes the school's doctrine and the views of its masters, and then giv…
- al-Mawsu'a al-Fiqhiyya (digital copy)
Work
A fiqh encyclopedia arranged by topic, starting with the worship chapters (purity, prayer, funerals, zakat, fasting, pilgrimage). The digital copy's title page credits the Dorar.net compilation under Alawi al-Saqqaf in t…
- al-Mawsu'a al-Fiqhiyya al-Kuwaitiyya (Kuwaiti Fiqh Encyclopedia)
Work
A modern fiqh encyclopedia issued by the Ministry of Awqaf and Islamic Affairs in Kuwait. Its headwords are fiqh terms arranged alphabetically; under each question it sets out the juristic positions with their evidence, …
- al-Mudawwanah al-Jami'ah
Work
Draft card for al-Mudawwanah al-Jami'ah, the international hadith encyclopedia edited under contemporary scholarly supervision; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
- al-Mudawwana al-Kubra
Work
Draft card for al-Mudawwana al-Kubra, Sahnun's compilation of Imam Malik's fatwas through Asad ibn al-Furat, the fountainhead of Maliki jurisprudence; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
- al-Mughni
Work
Ibn Qudama al-Maqdisi's commentary on the Mukhtasar of al-Kharaqi, the most famous of its commentaries; he writes out each question from the base text, then lays out the imams' positions and their evidence and gives his …
- Al-Muhadhdhab fi Fiqh al-Imam al-Shafi’i
Work
Draft card for Al-Muhadhdhab fi Fiqh al-Imam al-Shafi’i; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
- Al-Muhadhdhab fi Fiqh al-Imam al-Shafi'i
Work
Abu Ishaq al-Shirazi's great fiqh compendium, written between 455/1063 and 469/1077; with al-Tanbih it became one of the five reference works of the Shafi'i school and drew a vast critical apparatus, including al-Nawawi'…
- al-Muhalla bi-l-Athar
Work
Ibn Hazm of al-Andalus's (d. 456 AH) al-Muhalla bi-l-Athar fi Sharh al-Mujalla bi-l-Ikhtisar, an independent commentary on his short legal text al-Mujalla, stating each question, then his proof from the Qur'an, Sunna and…
- Al-Muqni'
Work
Draft card for Al-Muqni'; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
- Al-Muqni (Ibn Qudama)
Work
Draft card for Ibn Qudama's al-Muqni in Hanbali fiqh; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
- al-Mustasfa min Ilm al-Usul
Work
A work of legal theory by Abu Hamid Muhammad ibn Muhammad al-Ghazali (450-505 AH), written after he returned to teaching at the request of a group of students of law, and meant to sit between his Tahdhib al-Usul and al-M…
- al-Muwafaqat fi Usul al-Shari'a
Work
A work on the principles of the Shari'a by Abu Ishaq al-Shatibi of Granada, a Maliki (d. 790 AH), which its author divided into five parts: preliminary premises, rulings, the objectives of the law, the legal proofs, and …
- Al-Risala
Work
Draft card for al-Shafi'i's al-Risala, the founding book of usul al-fiqh; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
- Al-Sharh al-Kabir
Work
Draft card for Al-Sharh al-Kabir; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
- Al-Tanbih fi al-Fiqh al-Shafi'i
Work
Abu Ishaq al-Shirazi's fiqh epitome, composed between 452/1060 and 453/1061; more than seventy commentaries were written on it {cite:encyclopaedia-of-islam-2 vol. 9 p. 495}.
- Al-Tanqih fi Sharh al-Wasit
Work
Draft card for Al-Tanqih fi Sharh al-Wasit; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
- Al-Wajiz fi Fiqh al-Imam al-Shafi'i
Work
Draft card for al-Ghazali's al-Wajiz fi fiqh al-Imam al-Shafi'i, a classical manual of Shafi'i jurisprudence; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
- al-Wasit fi al-Madhhab
Work
Draft card for al-Wasit fi al-Madhhab, al-Ghazali's Shafi'i fiqh manual; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
- Bidayat al-Mubtadi
Work
A Hanafi base text that al-Marghinani wrote first, combining al-Quduri's Mukhtasar with Muhammad ibn al-Hasan's al-Jami' al-Saghir, going beyond them only where frequent cases required, and following the order of al-Jami…
- Bidayat al-Mujtahid wa-Nihayat al-Muqtasid
Work
A work of comparative law by the judge Abu al-Walid Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Rushd al-Hafid (520-595 AH). In its preface he says he set down for himself, as an aide-memoire, the legal questions agreed and disputed, with th…
- al-Dhayl ala Tabaqat al-Hanabila
Work
Ibn Rajab al-Hanbali's (736–795 AH) biographical dictionary of Hanbali jurists and traditionists, a continuation of Ibn Abi Ya'la's Tabaqat, arranged by year of death; in al-Fiqi's edition its second part opens the death…
- Fatawa A'immat al-Muslimin bi-Qat' Lisan al-Mubtadi'in
Work
A fatwa collection by Mahmud Khattab al-Subki opposing popular innovations at funerals, celebrations and the mawlid, with replies from Al-Azhar scholars, including a ruling on mocking religious rites.
- Gharaib Fiqhiyya ind al-Shia al-Imamiyya
Work
Draft card for Gharaib Fiqhiyya ind al-Shia al-Imamiyya; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
- Kafi al-Mubtadi'
Work
Draft card for Kafi al-Mubtadi'; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
- Kitab al-Umm
Work
Kitab al-Umm of the Imam Muhammad ibn Idris al-Shafi'i (150-204 AH), transmitted from him by al-Rabi' ibn Sulayman al-Muradi, in which al-Shafi'i sets out the questions of law chapter by chapter with his arguments and de…
- Madkhal al-Shari al-Sharif ala al-Madhahib
Work
Draft card for Madkhal al-Shari al-Sharif ala al-Madhahib; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
- al-Madkhal ila Madhhab al-Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal
Work
Ibn Badran's book in an introduction and eight chapters introducing the Hanbali school: the Imam's creed, the reason the school was chosen, its principles, the path of his companions, its legal theory, its terminology, i…
- Majmu' al-Fatawa
Work
The great collection of the fatwas, treatises and rules of Taqi al-Din Ibn Taymiyya (d. 728 AH), gathered and arranged by subject by Abd al-Rahman ibn Muhammad ibn Qasim with the help of his son Muhammad; it has been pri…
- Matn al-Minhaj fi Madhhab al-Shafii
Work
Draft card for Matn al-Minhaj fi Madhhab al-Shafii; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
- Minhaj al-Talibin (al-Nawawi)
Work
Draft card for al-Nawawi's Minhaj al-talibin, the paramount manual of Shafi'i jurisprudence; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
- Mughni al-Muhtaj
Work
Draft card for Mughni al-Muhtaj, of Zakariyya al-Ansari's corpus; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
- Mukhtasar al-Buwayti
Work
Draft card for Mukhtasar al-Buwayti; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
- Mukhtasar al-Kharaqi
Work
The most famous base text of the Hanbali school among its early and middle generations, a concise work on jurisprudence composed by al-Kharaqi; Abu Ishaq al-Barmaki counted its questions at two thousand three hundred.
- Mukhtasar al-Khiraqi
Work
Draft card for Umar ibn al-Husayn al-Khiraqi's Mukhtasar, the foundational Hanbali fiqh manual; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
- Mukhtasar al-Muzani
Work
Draft card for Mukhtasar al-Muzani; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
- Mukhtasar al-Sawa'iq al-Mursala (Ibn al-Mawsili)
Work
An abridgement of Ibn al-Qayyim's al-Sawa'iq al-Mursala by Shams al-Din Muhammad Ibn al-Mawsili (d. 774 AH), the older and better known of the book's two abridgements, important because it preserves an abridgement of the…
- Mukhtasar al-Tahawi
Work
Draft card for Mukhtasar al-Tahawi; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
- Mukhtasar Khalil
Work
Draft card for Khalil ibn Ishaq al-Jundi's Mukhtasar, the Maliki fiqh manual; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
- Muwatta of Imam Malik
Work
The Muwatta of Imam Malik ibn Anas (d. 179 AH): one of the earliest hadith and jurisprudence works arranged by chapter, compiled in Medina. Its most widely read transmission is the recension of Yahya ibn Yahya al-Laythi.…
- Nihayat al-Hidaya
Work
Draft card for Nihayat al-Hidaya, of Zakariyya al-Ansari's corpus; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
- Sharh Ma'ani al-Athar
Work
Draft card for Imam al-Tahawi's Sharh ma'ani al-athar, reconciling prophetic traditions with legal deduction; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
- Tabaqat al-Fuqaha' al-Shafi'iyya
Work
Draft card for Tabaqat al-Fuqaha' al-Shafi'iyya; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
- Tabaqat al-Hanabilah
Work
Draft card for Ibn Abi Ya'la's Tabaqat al-Hanabila; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
- Tabaqat al-Shafi'iyya al-Kubra
Work
Taj al-Din al-Subki's great biographical dictionary of Shafi'i scholars, the largest of his three Tabaqat versions (kubra, wusta, sughra), combining history, adab, law and tradition on the model of Ibn 'Asakir's Tabyin k…
- 'Umdat al-Fiqh
Work
Draft card for 'Umdat al-Fiqh; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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