The madhhab

المذهب

The madhhab in juristic usage is the method of ijtihad and legal inference traced to an imam and his school; the jurists speak of the 'four madhhabs' — Hanafi, Maliki, Shafi'i and Hanbali 1.

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In legal usage a madhhab is a way of reasoning and deriving rulings, traced to an imam and his students. The four famous Sunni schools are the Hanafi, Maliki, Shafi'i and Hanbali.

A madhhab is a way scholars use to understand religion and derive its rulings, named after a known imam and his students. The four best-known Sunni schools are the Hanafi, the Maliki, the Shafi'i and the Hanbali.

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In the legal sense a madhhab is a method of reasoning and derivation traced to an imam and his followers. Jurists speak of the four schools: Hanafi, Maliki, Shafi'i and Hanbali. They differ on the principles of inference, on giving priority to analogy, juristic preference or public interest, on following the companions' opinions, and on many details of the branches, all of them efforts of reasoning based on the text. The museum presents the schools as methods of understanding and deriving rulings, does not prefer one over another, and states each school's known principles with their source.

Overview

The madhhab in juristic usage is the method of ijtihad traced to an imam and his school; the jurists enumerate the 'four madhhabs' — Hanafi, Maliki, Shafi'i and Hanbali 1.

In the sources

The Kuwaiti Fiqh Encyclopedia applies 'madhhab' throughout to the imams and their four schools 1; Fiqh al-Sunna presents the rulings across the madhhabs 2.

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Sources

  1. al-Mawsu'a al-Fiqhiyya al-Kuwaitiyya, Noor-Book copy (file named v3)
  2. Sayyid Sabiq, Fiqh al-Sunnah (Dar al-Fikr)
Cite this page

islam.museum contributors. “The madhhab”. islam.museum, https://islam.museum/en/concept/madhhab/. CC BY-SA 4.0. Last updated 2026-10-25.

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Biting and the liability for injury it causes (add)

In the lexicon, add is gripping a thing with the teeth and holding it. If a person bites another without right and a wound results, the biter must pay the damages for the wound, assessed as a just award by experts. If one man bites another's hand and the bitten man pulls it free so that the biter's front teeth fall out, most jurists hold that there is no liability, relying on a prophetic judgement in such a case; the Shafi'is limit this to a bitten man who chose the easiest means of release, and the preferred Maliki view requires compensation.