خاندان: · 63 اندراجات
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شخصیت
عمرو بن العاص
تقریباً 573 عیسویA Meccan diplomat who opposed the Muslims until 629–630, then converted and became the commander who conquered Egypt — and later Mu'awiya's chief ally in the first civil war.عثمان بن عفان
تقریباً 576 عیسویThird caliph (644–656); the early community married him to two of the Prophet's daughters in succession. Under him the Qur'an was standardized into a single recension; he was killed by rebels in Medina, opening the first civil war.الأسود العنسي
تقریباً 580 عیسویAbhala ibn Ka'b, called al-Aswad 'the veiled one' — a soothsayer of Yemen who claimed prophecy, seized San'a and much of Yemen for a few weeks, and was cut down by the Persian colony that had first served him.مسيلمة
تقریباً 580 عیسویChief and religious claimant of Banu Hanifa in Yamama who preached a parallel prophecy to Muhammad's and exchanged letters with him — killed at Yamama in the bloodiest battle of the Ridda wars.سجاح بنت الحارث
تقریباً 590 عیسویA woman of Tamim by her father and Taghib by her mother who claimed prophecy in rhymed speech, marched an army toward Medina, then turned to Yamama and joined Musaylima — before returning to Islam and living into the caliphate.طليحة بن خويلد
تقریباً 590 عیسویWar-chief of Banu Asad who claimed prophecy at the Prophet's death, was broken by Khalid at Buzakha, fled to Syria — then returned, became a Muslim, and fought in the conquests he had once stood against.الحسن بن علي
تقریباً مارچ 625 عیسوی · تقریباً رمضان 3 ھElder grandson of the Prophet through Fatima and Ali; briefly caliph in 661 CE before abdicating in favor of Muawiya, an act understood differently across the traditions.الحسين بن علي
تقریباً جنوری 626 عیسوی · تقریباً ربیع الاول 4 ھYounger grandson of the Prophet through Fatima and Ali; killed at Karbala in 680 CE after refusing allegiance to Yazid I, an event of lasting significance especially in Shia tradition.زينب بنت علي
تقریباً 626 عیسوی · تقریباً 5 ھ†Granddaughter of the Prophet through Fatima and Ali; a survivor of Karbala whose accounts and defiance made her a central voice of her family in tradition.عبد اللہ بن حسین
Abd Allah ibn al-Husayn ibn Ali ibn Abi Talib, the infant of Karbala; Ibn Kathir lists him as the second of Husayn's sons killed with him in 61 AH — the Twelver tradition names him Ali al-Asghar.الغرور بن المنذر
Of the Lakhmid house of al-Hira; after the Prophet's death those of Abd al-Qays who had converted reverted with him, and al-Jarud rose to call them back to Islam. Al-Suhayli, as the editors report, says his name was al-Mundhir and that he was called al-Gharur, the deceiver, because he deceived his people on the day of the ridda war.الحسن بن القاسم العلوي
An Alid missionary (da'i) descended from al-Hasan ibn Ali, killed in Tabaristan by Asfar.قاسم بن حسن
Al-Qasim ibn al-Hasan ibn Ali ibn Abi Talib; Ibn Kathir records his killing at Karbala in 61 AH among the ahl al-bayt martyred with Husayn.علی اکبر بن حسین
Ali al-Akbar ibn al-Husayn ibn Ali ibn Abi Talib; Ibn Kathir counts him among Husayn's sons killed with him at Karbala in 61 AH.علي بن زيد العلوي
An Alid who rose in Kufa in 255 AH together with Isa ibn Ja'far al-Alawi. Al-Mu'tazz sent Sa'id ibn Salih al-Hajib against them, and the two Alids were defeated as their followers scattered.محمد بن الواثق
An Abbasid prince, son of al-Wathiq. When al-Mu'tazz was brought before the court, Muhammad ibn al-Wathiq rose and embraced him and they sat together on the throne, in the context of al-Mu'tazz's deposition.عثمان بن علی
Uthman ibn Ali ibn Abi Talib; Ibn Kathir counts him among Ali's sons killed with Husayn at Karbala in 61 AH.
واقعہ
ارتداد مسيلمة وادعاؤه النبوة باليمامة
تقریباً 631 عیسوی · تقریباً 9 ھWhen the Banu Hanifa delegation returned to al-Yamama, Musaylima apostatised and claimed prophethood, saying he had been made a partner in the matter with Muhammad and citing the Prophet's words that he was 'not the worst placed of you'. He produced rhymed sayings imitating the Qur'an, permitted wine and fornication and lifted the prayer, while still testifying that Muhammad was a prophet, and Hanifa rallied to him. Ibn Ishaq has it from a shaykh of Banu Hanifa and adds: God knows best which account is true.ارتداد عمرو بن معدي كرب بعد وفاة النبي
632 عیسوی · 11 ھAmr ibn Ma'dikarib stayed among Banu Zubayd under Farwa ibn Musayk; when the Prophet died he apostatised and said two verses disparaging Farwa's rule, calling him Abu Umayr. He was later captured in the ridda and returned to Islam, as Ibn Hajar reports from Sayf.كلمة سهيل بن عمرو بمكة عند وفاة النبي
تقریباً 8 جون 632 عیسوی · تقریباً ربیع الاول 11 ھWhen the Prophet died most people of Mecca meant to renounce Islam; Attab ibn Usayd, its governor, hid; then Suhayl ibn Amr stood, praised God, named the Prophet's death and said it had only increased Islam in strength, and whoever doubted them they would strike his neck; the people drew back and Attab reappeared.خروج قارن بخراسان (32هـ)
تقریباً 653 عیسوی · 32 ھQarin's rising in Khurasan (AH 32): forty thousand from Tabasayn, Badghis, Herat and Quhistan — against them Abdallah ibn Khazim marched with four thousand, wrapping spearheads in oiled cotton and firing them in a midnight feint until the host broke; the ruse won him Ibn Amir's confirmation over all Khurasan.روايات مشورة ابن عباس والمغيرة على علي في إبقاء الولاة
656 عیسوی · 35 ھ†The book sets out reports that give Ibn Abbas and al-Mughira ibn Shu'ba opposing counsel to Ali after his pledge: keep Uthman's governors until they pledge, or remove them and give Basra and Kufa to Talha and al-Zubayr. Ali refused to keep them. The book rejects these reports for weak chains and confused texts and calls them hypothetical.وفاة مالك الأشتر في الطريق إلى مصر
657 اور 659 کے درمیان عیسویAli chose Malik al-Ashtar to govern Egypt after Qays ibn Sa'd was replaced. He died at the edge of the Red Sea before entering Egypt. A rumour says he was poisoned in honey, and some people of the kharaj were accused; the book leans toward Mu'awiya having incited it.ولاية قيس بن سعد على مصر ورسالة علي إليه
657 اور 659 کے درمیان عیسویAli sent Qays ibn Sa'd to govern Egypt after Muhammad ibn Abi Hudhayfa's death. Qays organised the province and did not force those who held back from the pledge. Abu Mikhnaf's narrations of letters between Qays and Mu'awiya and of his removal are largely rejected by the book, which prefers a version in which Ali asked him to come to Kufa.خبر الخرّيت بن راشد وبني ناجية
658 عیسوی · 38 ھThe Najid Khariji who walked out on Ali after Nahrawan — 'your man's imamate and your conduct alike displease me; I side with those who call for shura'. His night-battle with Ziyad ibn Khasafa bent swords and hamstrung horses; he drew the Banu Najiya and Ahwazi tax-resisters around him until Ma'qil ibn Qays's four-thousand-man expedition demanded 'ten for every one of them'.سرية بسر بن أبي أرطاة إلى الحجاز واليمن
660 عیسوی · 40 ھMu'awiya's terror-raid of 40: Busr ibn Abi Artat entered Medina unopposed, mounted the minbar and mocked the Ansar clans by name — 'had Mu'awiya not bound me I would leave no grown man' — forced bay'a at Mecca, then in Yemen killed the governor and butchered Ubaydallah ibn al-Abbas's two small boys over a Kinani protector who died shielding them, while their mother went mad with grief. Ali's counter-column under Jariya ibn Qudama chased Busr to Mecca and took Medina's bay'a for al-Hasan.قيام بلاي بأشتوريش
تقریباً 718 عیسوی · تقریباً 98 ھPelayo's revolt in Asturias: the hostage who fled Cordoba in 98 AH and rallied the Christians of Galicia-Asturias, and al-Razi's account of the rock where thirty men and ten women survived on wild honey until the Muslims despaired — 'what can thirty infidels do?' — the seed from which the northern kingdoms grew.ثورة يزيد بن المهلب ويوم العقر
تقریباً 719 عیسوی · 100 ھIn 101 Yazid ibn al-Muhallab rose and came to Basra, where 'Ali ibn Artat, its governor, had gathered its people and dug a trench around the city. Muhammad ibn al-Muhallab gathered men of his household and clients and came on in a column so terrifying to see that it charged the people of Basra. Al-Mughira ibn 'Abd Allah al-Thaqafi met it with horsemen, meaning to charge at it, but opened the way for it. Yazid kept on, and no horsemen or tribe of theirs came against him without making way, until he reached his house, and people came and went to him. He sent to 'Ali ibn Artat: hand me over to my brothers, and I will make terms with you over Basra until I take for myself what I want from Yazid ibn 'Abd al-Malik. He refused. Yazid then went out and camped at the open ground of the Banu Yashkur, midway between him and the palace. He fought, and 'Ali's men were routed. Yazid's brothers were held in 'Ali's custody, and 'Abd al-Malik ibn al-Muhallab said: I see arrows falling on the palace, and I fear they will come for us and kill us before Yazid reaches us, so throw garments over him. 'Abd Allah ibn Dinar, mawla of Ibn 'Amir, who commanded 'Ali's guard, rushed to the door, but the sons of al-Muhallab piled goods against the door, leaned on them, and stopped him. Yazid took Basra. He then marched to Wasit, leaving Mu'adh ibn Sa'id as his deputy there, and marched on until he camped at al-'Aqr. Maslama ibn 'Abd al-Malik came along the bank of the Euphrates until he camped at al-Anbar and crossed. Al-'Abbas ibn al-Walid met Yazid at Sawad, and they lined up and fought. The people of Basra had charged the Syrians so hard that they routed them, but the Syrians came back and routed them in turn. Yazid was on a grey mule and made for Maslama, wanting no one else. When he drew near, Maslama called for his horse to mount, and the Syrian horsemen wheeled upon Yazid. Yazid ibn al-Muhallab was killed, with his son al-Sumaydi, and his brother Muhammad ibn al-Muhallab was killed too. Al-Fadl ibn 'Ayyash of the Banu Jabir ibn Zuhayr al-Kalbi, of Mahlab, had told the Syrians: 'This is Yazid; by God, I will kill him or he will kill me.' He charged at him, they struggled for a while, and when the dust cleared Yazid was dead and al-Fadl was at his last breath. He signalled to his companions that he had killed him, and gestured at himself to show that Yazid had killed him. Yazid's head was washed, wrapped in a turban and sent to Yazid ibn 'Abd al-Malik. His killing was in Safar 102.خروج عبد الله بن معاوية بن عبد الله بن جعفر بالكوفة
تقریباً 744 عیسوی · 127 ھIn 127 'Abd Allah ibn Mu'awiya ibn 'Abd Allah ibn Ja'far ibn Abi Talib called people to himself in Kufa and fought its governor there, 'Abd Allah ibn 'Umar ibn 'Abd al-'Aziz. He had come to Kufa as a visitor seeking his stipend, with no intention of rising, and married the daughter of Hatim ibn al-Sharqi. When factional partisanship broke out, the people of Kufa told him to call for himself, since the Banu Hashim had a better right to the affair than the Banu Marwan. The cause was that Ibn 'Umar gave great gifts to Mudar and Rabi'a but did not give Ja'far ibn Nafi' and 'Uthman ibn al-Khayyar of the Yemenis the like. They grew angry, he had them pushed out, and they went out shouting 'O Rabi'a!', and Rabi'a rose to them. When the partisans saw Ibn 'Umar's weakness, they pressed upon him and called for Ibn Mu'awiya, and they rose up amid the rabble until they reached the mosque and gathered there. The people gave their allegiance to 'Abd Allah ibn Mu'awiya, and they drove him out of the house of al-Walid ibn Sa'id until they brought him into the palace. He remained in Kufa for several days while people gave him their allegiance; pledges came to him from al-Mada'in and Qumm al-Nil. He went out to al-Mada'in, where they gave him their allegiance, and then he prevailed over Hulwan, the mountains, al-Mahin, Hamadhan, Qumis, Isfahan and Rayy.ملك الضحاك بن قيس الكوفة وصالح ابن عمر على القسمة
تقریباً 745 عیسوی · 127 ھIn 127, when Marwan ibn Muhammad had secured Syria and appointed Yazid ibn Umar ibn Hubayra as governor of Iraq, bringing with him the armies of al-Jazira, Abdallah ibn Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz, governor of Kufa, made terms with al-Dahhak ibn Qays al-Shaybani, leader of the Kharijites, on the basis that al-Dahhak would hold what he had seized of Kufa and its countryside, while Ibn Umar would keep what he held of Wasit, Maysan, Tustar, the districts of al-Jiddah, al-Ahwaz and Fars. Al-Dahhak surged forward and drove Marwan out to Kafr Tutha in the Jazira, having taken Mosul in Dhu al-Qa'da. He appointed Mulhan al-Shaybani over Kufa, and Mulhan was killed by al-Nadr ibn Sa'id, agent of Ibn Hubayra. Al-Dahhak then appointed al-Muthanna ibn Imran al-A'idhi, who met Ibn Hubayra at Ghazza, and they fought fiercely for several days. Al-Muthanna, Uzayr and Amr, leaders of al-Dahhak's companions, were killed and the Kharijites were routed, and Mansur ibn Jumhur drew near. Mansur gathered the people of Kufa, Yemeni and Mudari, who had held back from al-Dahhak, and marched with them until they camped at al-Rawha. Ibn Hubayra came with his troops and fought them for days, then defeated them and killed al-Bardun ibn Marzuq al-Shaybani, and Mansur fled. Ibn Hubayra then came and camped in Kufa and expelled the Kharijites from it.دخول أبي مسلم مرو وانقضاض شيعته على مضر
تقریباً 748 عیسوی · 9 جمادی الاول 130 ھIn 130 Abu Muslim entered the wall of Marw and took up residence in the governor's house on Thursday, 9 Jumada I. The cause was that Sulayman ibn Kathir objected to Ali ibn al-Kirmani's reconciliation with Nasr ibn Sayyar: 'Are you not ashamed to make peace with Nasr, when he killed your men and your companions only yesterday?' Ali ibn al-Kirmani was seized by anger, reversed his position, and the truce among the Arabs broke. Nasr ibn Sayyar sent to Abu Muslim asking him to join Mudar, and Rabi'a and Qahtan sent the same request. Abu Muslim ordered that envoys of both sides come before him to choose between them, and told the Shi'a to choose Rabi'a and Qahtan, since authority lay with Mudar, who were Marwan's agents and the killers of Yahya ibn Zayd. When his letter was read to the seventy assembled, Mazid ibn Shaqiq al-Sulami stood and said: 'Mudar are the killers of the Family of the Prophet and helpers of the Umayyads and partisans of Marwan al-Ja'di; our blood is on their necks and our wealth in their hands, and Nasr ibn Sayyar, Marwan's governor in Khurasan, has the khutba given for him from his pulpit and calls him amir al-mu'minin; we are innocent of that before God.' The seventy agreed with him; he rose, and humiliation and dejection came upon Mudar, while Ali ibn al-Kirmani and his companions returned glad and victorious. Abu Muslim had stayed at Alin for twenty-nine days, then moved on to al-Makhwan, stayed three months at Khunda, and then entered the wall of Marw.فتنة الربض بقرطبة
تقریباً 818 عیسوی · تقریباً 202 ھThe famous revolt of the Rabbaḍ of Cordoba under al-Hakam ibn Hisham: the scholars of learning and piety — Yahya ibn Yahya al-Laythi, Malik's companion and Muwatta transmitter, the faqih Talut and others — rose against him, deposed him and gave bay'a to a kinsman; al-Hakam crushed them, demolished their houses and mosques, and the exiles went to Fez and Alexandria — where they revolted again until Abdallah ibn Tahir expelled them to Crete, which they held until the Franks took it.وقعة وادي سليطة (نحو 240هـ)
تقریباً 854 عیسوی · تقریباً 240 ھThe Wadi Salit (Guazalete) massacre: when rebel Toledo sought the kings of Galicia and the Basques against the emir Muhammad I, he ambushed their host on the river south of Toledo and left twenty thousand dead.فتنة الشيعة والسنة بواسط
1015 عیسوی · 406 ھ406–407: Wasit's confessional war burned out the Shi'i and Zaydi quarters and drove their notables and Alawids into exile — they fled to Banu Mazyad begging his aid, an early sign of the Mazyadids' rise as patrons of the Alawids.بسط عبيد مصر في الفسطاط ٤١١
تقریباً فروری 1021 عیسوی · شوال 411 ھOn a Tuesday, two nights before the end of Shawwal 411, a written placard appeared in Egypt, with slips scattered along the lanes asking the state to unleash the slaves in Egypt for three days. Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah feared it, as did the commanders and soothsayers, that they would burn Egypt, kill and plunder. So they let the slaves of Egypt take their camp, and the sultans' women pressed it until it weakened. The fighting lasted three days. People cried out to the slaves, saying that if their aims were achieved, nothing mighty or humble would remain unhumbled. Women, children and the city's notables gathered, crying out to the slaves, and [the spoils] were sold in the seized markets. Then al-Hakim went out himself, rode, halted before a line of them and called out 'Ya Aghatiyy', and they turned back. He had burned a third of Egypt, and a third of it had gone to plunder.مقتل الحاكم بأمر الله وتستّر أخته ٤١١
تقریباً فروری 1021 عیسوی · شوال 411 ھIbn al-Jawzi relates from the people of Egypt that Sitt al-Mulk, al-Hakim's sister, had a gathering with Ibn Dawwas seated by her. Al-Hakim feared him and said to Sitt al-Mulk, 'What have I to do with this man? He wants to bring me together with him.' Sitt al-Mulk arranged a link between them; Ibn Dawwas came back to her and charged her to bring him round to what she wanted. She returned to Ibn Dawwas, and that night he rode to al-Muqattam and climbed the mountain with two Maghribi slaves. At dawn the two slaves came carrying him back to Ibn Dawwas, who brought him to Sitt al-Mulk's assembly. She buried him there and kept it unknown, concealing the matter for three days, and she announced that he was absent for seven. She paid the rikabiyya (the mounted guard) to deal with anyone who opposed her affair. Then Ali ibn al-Hakim was pledged allegiance, the khutba was given in his name, and she set him up as heir apparent and crowned him with the crown of al-Mu'izz. She had Ibn Dawwas killed by the hand of Nasim, master of the curtain and the sword, after promising him kingship and wealth. She grieved, and put to death those among the slaves and servants who knew. It is said he died in Shawwal 411, aged thirty-seven, and that his caliphate lasted twenty-five years.طرد الغلمان جلال الدولة من بغداد ٤٢٣
تقریباً فروری 1032 عیسوی · صفر 423 ھThe ghilman swore to depose Jalal al-Dawla and cancelled the khutba in his name on Friday, 3 Rabi' I 423. They dismissed his concubines and demanded that he go down to Wasit; 100 ghilman went down with him, then only 20. He fled on the night of Monday, 6 Rabi' I, to Akbara, and the royal residence was plundered. He wrote to the isfahsalar Abu Kalijar, inviting him, but Abu Kalijar replied cautiously, asking for 500 ghilman. Jalal went to al-Hilla, prostrated himself before Kamal al-Dawla Abu Sinan, gave him his daughter in marriage and promised him treasures. Abu Sinan interceded for him, and his khutba was restored on 17 Rabi' I in the congregational mosques of the city and al-Rusafa, and then in the caliph's mosque on the third Friday. In Shawwal he drank wine in a garden of the caliph's residence; al-Qa'im reproached him, and he apologised.أسر الغلمان لجلال الدولة وإهانتهم ٤٢٤
تقریباً اگست 1033 عیسوی · رمضان 424 ھIn Ramadan 424 the ghilman gathered at the mosque of al-Qahramana to lodge a complaint. Some of them found the gate of the garden of the royal residence open and went in. The king came out saying, 'Come, let me hear what you have to say'; they seized him, dragged him to the Tigris and put him in a samiriyya boat that nearly capsized, mocking him as they did. Then they left him standing in the sun, confined him in a mosque, and moved him to the house of al-Mahalibiyya. Abu'l-Wafa' al-Qa'id came to his aid with about twenty ghilman and crossed to al-Karkh, to the house of Jamil belonging to al-Sharif al-Murtada. The ghilman wrote to him: 'We are your slaves and your mamluks; we made you king over our affairs from the start.' He dealt with them tactfully, and by night he won over the junior amirs, who came to al-Murtada's house kissing the ground and apologising; they mounted him and said, 'Jalal al-Dawla is our king and we are his troops.' He accepted Abu'l-Qasim as vizier.ملك ابن غانية بجاية
تقریباً نومبر 1184 عیسوی · شوال 580 ھSha'ban 580: hearing of Yusuf ibn Abd al-Mu'min's death, Ali 'Ibn Ghaniya' of Majorca sailed twenty vessels into Béjaïa's roadstead — two hundred mounted Mulaththamun and four thousand foot took the governor-less city without a fight; the Banu Hammad remnant flocked in, the returning governor's own thousand Arabs defected at first contact, and only Constantine held out until an Almohad army of twenty thousand horse and a great fleet lifted it in Safar 581, driving the brothers to Ifriqiya.ملك علي بن غانية بلاد إفريقية
تقریباً 1185 عیسوی · 581 ھIn the year 581, Ali ibn Ishaq al-Mulaththam ibn Ghaniya marched to Ifriqiya. Sulaym, Riyah and other Arab groups gathered to him there, and Turks who had entered from Egypt with Sharaf al-Din Qaraqush joined them. They gave him the title Amir al-Muslimin and together took all of Ifriqiya, east and west, except Tunis and Mahdiya, where the Muwahhidun remained in fear and hardship. They ravaged the lands, fortresses and villages, violated sanctities and cut down trees. They made for the island of Bashrawhi near Tunis, whose people were granted safety, but then the army plundered its wealth until people were stripped of their clothes. They then made for Tunis, where the poor went begging until the winter cold and disease destroyed them; the dead were counted at 12,000 from a single place. Al-Mulaththam ended the khutba for the sons of Abd al-Mu'min, proclaimed the Abbasid caliph al-Nasir li-Din Allah, and sent to him asking for robes of investiture and black banners.الفتنة بين التركمان والأكراد
تقریباً 1185 عیسوی · 581 ھIn 581 AH a strife broke out between the Turkmens and the Kurds in al-Jazira, Mosul, Diyar Bakr, Khilat, al-Sham, Shahrazur and Azerbaijan. Countless people were killed, it lasted several years, the roads were cut, property was plundered and blood was shed. Its cause: a Turkmen woman was married, and her wedding procession passed a fortress of the Kurdish Zawzan; her people asked for a wedding feast and were refused, and the lord of the fortress killed the groom. The strife then flared, the two sides turned on one another and the evil grew, until Mujahid al-Din Qaymaz gathered the leaders of both groups, reconciled them, and gave them robes and money, and it ended.عصيان المهدية على الموحدين
1198 عیسوی · 594 ھThe Almohad field-commander Muhammad ibn Abd al-Karim — terror of the Arabs of Ifriqiya — fell out with the vizier Abu Sa'id ibn Umar Inti over the Banu Awf captives, seized Mahdiyya, ransomed the governor for twelve thousand dinars, and allied with Ibn Ghaniya; when al-Mansur died, the new caliph Muhammad al-Nasir's sea and land armies came, Ibn Ghaniya fled to the desert, and Ibn Abd al-Karim answered the fleet: 'I obey the Commander of the Faithful Muhammad — I will only hand it to whom he sends'.الحرب بين أميري مكة والمدينة
1205 عیسوی · 601 ھ601: the Husaynid amirs of the two sanctuaries went to war — Qatada of Mecca marched to besiege Medina; Salim ibn Qasim prayed at the Prophet's tomb and supplicated, then met him at Dhu al-Hulayfa and routed him, chasing him into a siege inside Mecca itself — until Qatada corrupted Salim's amirs, and Salim withdrew.فتن محلات بغداد سنة 601
اپریل 1205 عیسوی · شعبان 601 ھ601: Baghdad's quarters went to war over dead lions — Bab al-Azj's people killed a lion and meant to parade it triumphantly; the Ma'muniyya barred the procession and swords came out at the Great Orchard. Another lion sparked Qattafa against al-Qariyya; a quarrel set Suq al-Sultan against al-Ja'fariyya in the cemetery — until a great caliphal mamluk patrolled the city killing suspects and the quarters quieted.قتل الباطنية بواسط
مئی 1205 عیسوی · رمضان 601 ھRamadan 601: Wasit turned on its Batini cell — when a carpenter killed the soap-seller who answered him harshly over the creed, the crowd lynched every Batini they found, stormed the missionary Ibn Asiyya's fortified house from the rooftops, slew him and burned it; the notable Fakhr al-Din ibn Amsina came down from Baghdad to quiet the fitna.فتنة أهل السوقين بهراة
اگست 1205 عیسوی · محرم 602 ھMuharram 602: Herat's mob rose in a great fitna between the two market quarters — the blacksmiths and the coppersmiths — with killings, looting and ruined houses; the city's amir was struck by a stone, mobbed, and hidden in the Firuzi palace for days until the fitna subsided.ثورة بني كوكر على الغوريين
1206 عیسوی · 602 ھOn the false rumour of Shihab al-Din's death at the Qara Khitai rout, the Khokhar tribes of the Lahore–Multan hills — once his tributaries — rose, cut the road to Ghazna and seized a great caravan; Daniel of Jabal al-Judi apostatised and joined them. When the sultan's envoy — his own mamluk Aybak — demanded their submission, Ibn Kukar's answer was a challenge: 'why did the sultan not send to us himself?'.فتنة خلاط وقتل أهلها
1207 عیسوی · 604 ھ604: the moment al-Awhad's back was turned, Akhlat's people expelled his garrison and cried a dead Shah-Arman's name; he returned with Jaziran reinforcements, breached the city on the people's own envy of one another, massacred many, and sent the notables to Mayyafariqin to be killed in daily batches — 'the fitiyan, who had made and unmade kings, were scattered and the people spared their evil'.حصار هراة وقتل ابن خرميل
تقریباً 1207 عیسوی · 604 ھIn 604 Husayn ibn Kharmil, lord of Herat, seized Khwarazm Shah's troops for mistreating the subjects, and apologized to the Shah. The Shah wrote commending his conduct, while secretly telling Izz al-Din Jaldak ibn Tughril, lord of Khaam, to stay with Ibn Kharmil and find a way to seize him. Jaldak rode out with two thousand horse, and Ibn Kharmil ventured out to meet him despite the warning of his vizier Khwaja al-Sahib. When the two saw each other they dismounted to meet, and Jaldak's men mingled with them and seized him. The vizier ordered the gate shut and the men onto the walls, called the slogan of Ghiyath al-Din Mahmud al-Ghuri, and told Jaldak he would surrender the city neither to him nor to the treacherous Ibn Kharmil, since it belonged to Ghiyath al-Din and his father before him. They brought Ibn Kharmil up to the wall; when he refused to order its surrender, they killed him. Ibn Kharmil had fortified Herat with four strong walls and dug its moat, and he had said he feared the water might be held back for days and then released all at once to breach the walls. The besiegers heard this, dammed the water until it gathered, and released it on Herat. The flood did not reach the wall because the town stood on high ground, but the moat filled and the ground around became a morass that kept people from approaching, which the chronicler counts among the finest of stratagems.عصيان سنجر بخوزستان وتسليمه
1209 عیسوی · 606 ھAl-Nasir's mamluk-governor of Khuzistan, Qutb al-Din Sanjar, drifted into covert rebellion in 606; the caliphal army chased him into the protection of the Salghurid Atabeg Sa'd of Shiraz, wintered at Arrajan, and took his surrender under safe-conduct — Sanjar entered Baghdad on a pack-mule with two chains on his legs and confessed before the assembled amirs and notables.دخول العدو لوشة مع البياسي
تقریباً 1225 عیسوی · تقریباً 622 ھThe Christians entered Loja in 622 with the sayyid Abu Muhammad al-Bayasi amid his fitna against al-Adil, ravaging it utterly before the Muslims recovered it.خلع شروان شاه والظفر بالكرج
1225 عیسوی · 622 ھ622: the Shirvanshah's own son deposed his tyrannical father, who bought Georgian restoration at the price of half the kingdom; the son's thousand horsemen met three thousand Georgians and routed them — whereupon the Georgian commanders dismissed the old shah: 'we met nothing good on your account — do not stay in our lands'. The son restored the people's confiscated estates and ruled well.ثورة البيازين وسقوط لوشة
تقریباً 28 مئی 1486 عیسوی · تقریباً 26 جمادی الاول 891 ھCastile released the captive Boabdil, clothed him and armed him to split the Muslims — Vélez submitted and 'peace' was cried in the markets; Granada's Bayazin quarter rose for him (Rabi I–Jumada I 891) while the Alcazaba stoned them. He then entered Loja seeking reconciliation with his uncle al-Zaghal, but the Castilian siege starved it into surrender on 26 Jumada I 891 — Ibn al-Khatib's ancestral town — and Granada openly said he had come only to hand Loja over as his ransom.نكث شروط غرناطة وثورة البشرات
1499 عیسوی · 904 ھThe treaty of Granada broken clause by clause: in 904 the Muslims were forced to convert — first those once Christian were ordered back 'to unbelief by compulsion', then any Muslim was told his grandfather had been Christian; the Albaicin rose and killed the governors, making death-or-conversion the decree. Whole villages refused — Balfig, Andarax and the mountain of Ballanca whose men killed 'the lord of Cordoba' and were let out on aman to Fez — while the outwardly converted prayed in secret and were burned for it.رفض علي إبقاء معاوية في ولايته
35 ھAfter the pledge of allegiance, al-Mughira ibn Shu'ba advised keeping Muawiya in Syria for a while and Ibn Abbas warned that dismissal would stir Syria; Ali refused, saying he would not employ Muawiya for two days. Al-Aqqad judges that Ali was right, since Muawiya was building a state for himself and his heirs.رسائل علي ومعاوية بعد الجمل
36 ھAfter the Camel, Ali wrote to Muawiya urging him to enter the community's allegiance, noting that the consultation belonged to the Emigrants and Helpers and that Talha and Zubayr had broken their pledge. Muawiya replied that he would not pledge until Uthman's killers were handed over, and disputed that the Medinan pledge bound the people of Syria. Al-Aqqad sees each closed door opening onto another, so that the letters ended without an agreement.انتقال علي بعاصمة الخلافة إلى الكوفة
36 ھAli moved the seat of government from Medina to Kufa, because Quraysh would not back him and its factions had scattered among Talha, Aisha and Muawiya; Kufa was a meeting point of peoples, a trade hub and a centre of learning. Al-Aqqad calls Kufa the fittest capital for a universal imamate of that age.علي يمتنع عن إمامة الناس والخليفة محصور
35 ھWhen the rebels surrounded Uthman in his house, people asked Ali to lead the prayer; he refused, saying he would not lead them while the imam was besieged, prayed alone and went home, leaving his sons with the sons of other companions to guard the caliph's house. Al-Aqqad reads this as a warning that attacking the caliph was an attack on every notable in Islam.
اسکریننگ روم
الإهانة
2017 عیسوی · 1438 ھ†Ziad Doueiri's film about a Lebanese Christian and a Palestinian refugee whose dispute becomes a national trial reopening civil-war wounds — Lebanon's first Oscar nominee.بيروت الغربية
1998 عیسوی · 1419 ھ†West Beirut.حرائق
2010 عیسوی · 1431 ھ†Denis Villeneuve's Oscar-nominated film about Canadian twins returning to their mother's Middle Eastern homeland, uncovering a civil war fought between Muslims and Christians.ربيع قرطبة
Hatem Ali's Syrian series on the Andalusian fitna and the fall of the Umayyad caliphate of Cordoba in 1009 — a landmark Arabic drama on al-Andalus.وداعًا جوليا
2023 عیسوی · 1444 ھ†Goodbye Julia.
کیا چیز غائب ہے؟ ہمیں بتائیں · موضوع اس وقت کھلتا ہے جب اس کی جائزہ شدہ رہنمائی، 10 سوالات، 5 اقسام میں 25 اندراجات، اور کئی روایات اور خطوں کی آوازیں ہوں۔