الأسود العنسي

کہانی میں مقام

حریف دعویدارکی طرفمحمد · 632 عیسوی · 11 ھ† – 632 عیسوی · 11 ھ†تاریخی

حکمران · 632 عیسوی · 11 ھ† – 632 عیسوی · 11 ھ†تاریخی

عرب کا شرک (مختلف فیہ)

کردار تاریخ والے اور ماخذ والے ہیں؛ عجائب گھر فعل بیان کرتا ہے اور فیصلہ متعلقہ فریق سے منسوب کرتا ہے۔

مختصر

عبہلہ بن کعب، جو الاسود العنسی اور «ذو الخمار» کے لقب سے معروف ہیں، یمن کے ایک کاہن تھے جنہوں نے نبوت کا دعویٰ کیا اور چند ہفتوں تک صنعاء اور یمن کے بڑے حصے پر قابض رہے، پھر ابتدا میں ان کے قریبی خدمت گزاروں نے انہیں قتل کر دیا۔

زندگی

الاسود نبی کی زندگی کے آخری دنوں میں وحی کا دعویٰ لے کر اٹھے، نبی کے دو عاملوں کو یمن سے نکال دیا اور صنعاء اور اس کے ارد گرد کے علاقوں پر قابض ہو گئے۔ یہ ارتداد کی ابتدائی اور نبی کی وفات سے قریب ترین تحریکوں میں سے ایک تھی۔ ¹

پھر یمن کے فارسی نژاد باشندوں نے ان کے اہلِ خاندان اور اپنے ساتھیوں کے ساتھ مل کر منصوبہ بنایا، اور فیروز دیلمی اپنی قوم کے ساتھ رات کے وقت ان کے پاس گئے اور انہیں قتل کر دیا۔ روایت ان کی موت کو نبی کی وفات سے چند راتیں پہلے کا واقعہ بتاتی ہے۔ ¹ ²

اثر

انہوں نے چند ہفتے یمن پر حکومت کی اور نہ کوئی دین چھوڑا اور نہ کوئی ریاست؛ یہ اس بات کی ایک مثال ہے کہ ارتداد کی تحریکیں کتنی تیزی سے چمکتی اور بجھتی تھیں، اور یہ اس بات پر منحصر تھا کہ ان کے گرد کتنے لوگ جمع ہوتے ہیں، نہ کہ ان کے عقیدے کی گہرائی پر۔

کم عمر قارئین کے لیے

یمن کے ایک شخص نے نبوت کا دعویٰ کیا اور چند ہفتے حکومت کی؛ پھر ایک رات اس کے اپنے قریبی لوگوں میں سے ایک شخص نے اسے قتل کر دیا۔

قتل الأسود العنسي

In al-Baladhuri: al-Aswad ibn Ka'b ibn Awf al-Ansi soothsaid and claimed prophecy, Ans and others followed him, and he styled himself Rahman of Yemen as Musaylima styled himself Rahman of al-Yamama; he had a trained donkey which would kneel and prostrate at his command whence he was called Dhu al-Mar — others say Dhu al-Khimar for being ever veiled and turbaned, and some Yemenis told al-Baladhuri his face was black, hence al-Aswad, his name being Ayhala; the Prophet sent Jarir ibn Abdullah al-Bajali to him in the year of his death calling him to Islam — some transmitters deny the mission — and he came to San'a, took it and expelled the Prophet's agent Khalid ibn Sa'id ibn al-As (al-Nu'man ibn Yazid of the Abna' says Aban ibn Sa'id), who withdrew toward Ziyad ibn Labid; he humiliated the Abna' — the sons of the Persians whom Kisra had sent to Yemen with Ibn Dhi Yazan under Wahriz — used them as labour and wronged them, and married the Marzbana, Badham their king's widow; the Prophet sent Qays ibn Hubayra al-Makshuh al-Muradi — so called for a cautery on his waist from an ailment — ordering him to win over the Abna', and sent with him Farwa ibn Musayk al-Muradi; reaching Yemen as the Prophet's death was reported, Qays feigned accord with al-Aswad until he entered San'a with a company of Madhhij, Hamdan and others, then won over Fayruz ibn al-Daylami of the Abna', who had embraced Islam, and the two came to Badham, chief of the Abna' — some say Badham was already dead and a successor named Dadhawayh converted and met Qays and won him over, spreading his missionaries among the Abna' until they converted; so they all agreed to kill and assassinate al-Aswad, and secretly informed his wife the Marzbana who, hating him, showed them a water-channel into his house — some say they pierced a hole in the wall of his chamber of vinegar — and entered on him at dawn while he lay drunk asleep, and Qays slaughtered him, his bellowing like a bull's startling the guards who asked 'what ails the Rahman of Yemen?' — his wife answered 'revelation descends on him' and they calmed; Qays cut off his head, stood on the city wall at dawn, magnified God and testified that al-Aswad was a liar and God's enemy, and when his followers gathered he cast the head to them and they scattered save a few, the sword falling on the remnant until none escaped but those who embraced Islam; some transmitters say Fayruz ibn al-Daylami killed him with Qays only striking off the head, and when Qays and Fayruz both claimed the killing in Medina Umar said 'this lion killed him' meaning Fayruz; some scholars date the killing five days before the Prophet's death — the Prophet saying in his illness 'God has killed al-Aswad al-Ansi; the righteous man Fayruz ibn al-Daylami killed him' — with the report reaching Abu Bakr ten nights into his caliphate; Qays was then accused of killing Dadhawayh and it reached Abu Bakr that he meant to expel the Abna' from San'a, which angered him, so he wrote to al-Muhajir his agent there to bring him, made him swear fifty oaths at the Prophet's minbar that he had not killed Dadhawayh, then released him and sent him to Syria.

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قتل الأسود العنسي