Is leniency allowed in the chains of reports on virtuous deeds?

Ideas Words

هل يُتساهل في أسانيد أحاديث فضائل الأعمال؟

A question of transmission: must reports of encouragement, admonition and virtuous deeds meet the same standard of trustworthy transmitters as reports on the lawful and unlawful? Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi gives it a chapter in al-Kifaya, 'strictness in legal hadith and leniency in virtuous deeds', quoting Sufyan al-Thawri, Ibn Uyayna, Ahmad ibn Hanbal and Abu Zakariyya al-Anbari distinguishing what makes lawful, forbids or establishes a ruling from what concerns encouragement, warning or heart-softening.

Depth

At a glance

Scripture and its sciences

Summary

In al-Kifaya, al-Khatib al-Baghdadi devotes a chapter to "strictness in legal hadith and leniency in virtuous deeds". 1 He opens it by saying that several of the early scholars held that hadiths concerning what is lawful and unlawful may be carried only from someone free of accusation and far from suspicion, whereas hadiths of encouragement, admonition and the like may be written from shaykhs generally. 1

The early scholars' sayings in the chapter

  • Sufyan al-Thawri: do not take this knowledge on the lawful and unlawful except from leaders known for learning, who recognise additions and omissions; there is no harm in other shaykhs for the rest. 2
  • Sufyan ibn Uyayna: do not hear from Baqiyya what concerns a sunna, but hear from him what concerns reward and the like. 2
  • Ahmad ibn Hanbal: "When we narrate from the Messenger of God ﷺ on the lawful and unlawful, sunnas and rulings, we are strict about the chains; when we narrate from the Prophet on virtuous deeds and what neither sets nor lifts a ruling, we are lenient about the chains." 2 In al-Maymuni's report from him: heart-softening hadiths may be treated leniently until something containing a ruling comes. 2
  • Abu Zakariyya al-Anbari: when a report neither forbids the lawful, nor permits the forbidden, nor establishes a ruling, but concerns encouragement, warning, strictness or concession, it should be passed over lightly and its transmitters treated leniently. 2

What precedes the chapter

Just before it, in the chapter on choosing to hear from trustworthy men and disliking narration from the weak, al-Khatib gives Abd al-Rahman ibn Mahdi's saying: a man should not busy himself writing the hadiths of the weak, for the least of it is that he misses as much of the hadith of the trustworthy as he writes of theirs. 1 There he also reports Malik saying he met Aisha bint Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas and judged her weak, and Waki' saying: woe to the traditionist when a man of hadith judges him weak. 1

Opinions on the question

The question: Distinguishing legal reports from reports of encouragement and warning in the conditions required of transmitters.

First opinion · Sunni tradition (the museum's frame) · Sunni: al-Thawri, Ibn Uyayna, Ahmad and al-Anbari as al-Khatib reports themMain reference

strictness about the transmitters of legal hadith, leniency about those of hadith on virtues, encouragement and heart-softening, as long as no ruling is involved. 1 2
More opinions (2)

Sunni tradition (the museum's frame) · Sunni: Abd al-Rahman ibn MahdiMain reference

one should not spend time writing the hadith of the weak, for it costs the hadith of the trustworthy. 1

Academic and other views viewSecondary opinion

not yet given here.

People and things also explored

Hadith· Shama'il Muhammadiyya· Ghanima (spoils of war)· Sacred hadith (hadith qudsi)· Seeking knowledge· Isnad· Criticism and vindication of narrators (jarh wa-ta'dil)· The Six Books

Sources

  1. al-Kifaya fi Ilm al-Riwaya — al-Khatib al-Baghdadi, Da'irat al-Ma'arif al-Uthmaniyya edition, Hyderabad Deccan 1357 AH , p. 133
  2. al-Kifaya fi Ilm al-Riwaya — al-Khatib al-Baghdadi, Da'irat al-Ma'arif al-Uthmaniyya edition, Hyderabad Deccan 1357 AH , p. 134
Cite this page

islam.museum contributors. “Is leniency allowed in the chains of reports on virtuous deeds?”. islam.museum, https://islam.museum/en/questions/tasahul-fi-fadail-al-amal/. CC BY-SA 4.0. Last updated 2026-11-04.

Improve this page on GitHub · Report an error · Help complete it · JSON

Wing

Ideas

Beliefs, concepts, sciences and schools, explained in plain words.
Related

Hadith

Hadith is what is transmitted of the Prophet's words, deeds, tacit approvals and descriptions, reaching us through a chain of narrators ending at him; it is Islam's second source after the Qur'an, expounding its generals and fixing the details of worship, dealings, biography and conduct. It was gathered into works arranged by legal chapter or by narrator's musnad, most famously the six books.