al-Malik al-Nasir Muhammad ibn Qalawun

Al-Malik al-Nasir Muhammad ibn Qalawun, a Mamluk sultan who held the sultanate three times. The amirs gave him the allegiance after his brother al-Ashraf, when he was nine years old, in 693 AH. ¹

He was deposed in 694 AH, and Kitbugha al-Mansuri took the sultanate, then Lajin in 696 AH. When Lajin was killed in 698 AH, al-Nasir was brought back from his exile at al-Karak. The caliph invested him, and sent al-Adil to Hama as deputy. ¹

Al-Suyuti says that in 708 AH he set out for the pilgrimage, but the bridge broke under him at al-Karak, and he escaped, while four others died. He stayed at al-Karak and wrote to depose himself from the kingdom, so Baybars al-Jashnakir was given the allegiance. Then he returned in Rajab 709 AH and entered Egypt on the day of the Feast of Breaking the Fast. ²

Al-Maqrizi says that in 702 AH the sultan in Egypt was al-Malik al-Nasir Muhammad ibn Qalawun, the affairs of state being managed by the amir Rukn al-Din Baybars al-Jashnakir, with Salar as deputy of the sultanate. ³

He also says that al-Nasir built a bridge across the Nile to break the force of the current from the bank. ⁴

He says that al-Nasir built the new mosque known as al-Jami' al-Jadid al-Nasiri outside Misr. ⁵

• The years fall in the eighth century AH; al-Maqrizi's mention of 702 AH confirms the century.
• The summary is based on al-Suyuti's "History of the Caliphs"; al-Maqrizi is added in the section above.