The Scribes of Quraysh and the Prophet's House

كتبة قريش وأهل بيت النبي

Abu Bakr ibn Abdallah ibn Abi Jahm al-'Adawi counted the literate of Quraysh when Islam came — seventeen men: Umar, Ali, Uthman, Abu Ubayda, Talha, Yazid ibn Abi Sufyan (may God be pleased with him), Abu Hudhayfa ibn 'Utba, Hatib ibn 'Amr, Abu Salama ibn Abd al-Asad, Aban ibn Sa'id and his brother Khalid ibn Sa'id, Abdallah ibn Sa'd ibn Abi Sarh, Huwaytib ibn Abd al-'Uzza, Abu Sufyan ibn Harb, Mu'awiya, Juhm ibn al-Salt — and of Quraysh's allies al-A'la' ibn al-Hadrami. Al-Shifa' bint Abdallah, a Jahiliya scribe, was told 'teach Hafsa the ant-charm as you taught her writing'; Hafsa wrote, Umm Kulthum bint 'Uqba wrote, A'isha bint Sa'd said 'my father taught me', Karima bint al-Miqdad wrote — while A'isha and Umm Salama read the mushaf but did not write. First to write for the Prophet ﷺ at Medina was Ubayy ibn Ka'b, and when absent Zayd ibn Thabit (may God be pleased with him) — both wrote revelation and correspondence before him; first Qurashi scribe was Abdallah ibn Sa'd ibn Abi Sarh, who then apostatized to Mecca having altered the dictation, and in his case al-An'am's verse came down on the one who claims to bring the like of the revelation.

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Overview

Al-Baladhuri relates from Abu Bakr ibn Abd Allah ibn Abi Jahm al-Adawi that when Islam came, there were seventeen men among Quraysh who could write. He then names men and women writers from Quraysh and its allies, and those who wrote for the Prophet. 1

The men who wrote

Al-Baladhuri counts among those who wrote in Quraysh: Umar ibn al-Khattab (may God be pleased with him), Ali ibn Abi Talib (may God be pleased with him), Uthman ibn Affan (may God be pleased with him), Abu Ubayda ibn al-Jarrah (may God be pleased with him), Talha, Yazid ibn Abi Sufyan, Abu Hudhayfa ibn Utba (may God be pleased with him), Hatib ibn Amr, Abu Salama al-Makhzumi, Aban ibn Sa'id and his brother Khalid, Abd Allah ibn Sa'd ibn Abi Sarh, Huwaytib ibn Abd al-Uzza (may God be pleased with him), Abu Sufyan ibn Harb, Mu'awiya ibn Abi Sufyan, and Jahm ibn al-Salt. Among the allies of Quraysh was al-Ala' ibn al-Hadrami. 1

The women who wrote

The source says that al-Shifa bint Abd Allah al-Adawiyya was a writer in the Jahiliyya, and that Hafsa wrote, as did Umm Kulthum bint Uqba and Karima bint al-Miqdad. It says that Aisha and Umm Salama could read but did not write. 1

Who wrote for the Prophet

Al-Baladhuri says that the first to write for the Prophet when he came to Medina was Ubayy ibn Ka'b, and when he was absent Zayd ibn Thabit wrote; the two wrote the revelation. The first from Quraysh to write for him was Abd Allah ibn Sa'd ibn Abi Sarh. 1

The source says that Abd Allah ibn Sa'd later apostatised and returned to Mecca, that he would change what was dictated to him, and that a verse of al-An'am was revealed about the man who claimed he could bring the like of what was revealed. 1

Note

This report comes from a single source and needs an additional source.

Connections

Explore the connections

Had participant
Ubayy ibn Ka'b· Zayd ibn Thabit· Abdullah ibn Sa'd ibn Abi Sarh· al-Shifa' bint Abdullah· Hafsa bint Umar· Karima bint al-Miqdad· Umm Kulthum bint Uqba

People and things also explored

Medina· The Scribes of Aws and Khazraj and the Complete· The Battle of the Trench (al-Ahzab)· Uthman's standardization of the mushaf· The Ansar· Bukhari 4987 — Uthman's standard copies· Muwatta 116· Muhammad

Sources

  1. Futuh al-Buldan — al-Baladhuri (Mu'assasat al-Ma'arif edition)
Cite this page

islam.museum contributors. “The Scribes of Quraysh and the Prophet's House”. islam.museum, https://islam.museum/en/event/quraysh-scribes/. CC BY-SA 4.0. Last updated 2026-10-16.

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Medina

City in the Hejaz to which the Prophet migrated in 622 CE; site of the Prophet's Mosque and the first Muslim community. The Prophet declared it a sanctuary as Abraham declared Mecca — its bounds 'between 'Ayr and Thawr' (or 'to Uhud' in the reading Abu 'Ubayd and al-Hazimi preferred) and 'between its two lava fields'; within them hunting and tree-cutting are forbidden and the bloodwit for unintended killing is heavier. Samhudi counts nearly ninety-five names for it, among them Tayba, Taba and Yathrib.