Risalat al-Azazi fi al-mazawil (al-Azazi's treatise on sundials)

Ideas Words

رسالة العزازي في المزاول

Late treatise by Khalil al-Azazi on the lines of fadl al-da'ir and the afternoon-prayer arcs, describing how to make a basita with a compass housing to find the qibla of various towns 1 2.

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Region
Global / Diaspora

Astronomy and timekeeping

Summary

The Bibliotheca Alexandrina book calls this one of the late works in the history of astronomy, written as an accessible guide to the lines of fadl al-da'ir (hour-angle) and the afternoon-prayer arcs; it has an introduction, two chapters and a conclusion, the first section explaining how to derive the azimuths of fadl al-da'ir with the almucantar quadrant. 1

Contents

  • It gives a practical method for making the instrument called basita with a needle housing (compass), used according to the book to find the qibla direction of towns. 1 2
  • The author says he made a practical test of the line in 1282 AH; the treatise includes tables, among them the circle drawn around an instrument to give correct mihrab directions. 1
  • The Azhar copy (no. 497/71517) was copied by Ali Mayyas al-Shafi'i al-Bayyumi al-Ahmadi in 1302 AH, 19 folios. 1

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Authored by
Khalil ibn Ibrahim al-Azazi

People and things also explored

Khalil ibn Ibrahim al-Azazi· Misr (Egypt)· Maragha Observatory· Pari Mahal, Srinagar· Sharaf al-Dawla's observatory at Baghdad· Qibla-finding by stars, winds, mountains and rivers· Sizes of the heavenly bodies· Distances of the heavenly bodies from the Earth

Sources

  1. Contributions of Arab and Islamic Civilisation to Astronomy from the Scientific Manuscripts of al-Azhar Library, Alexandria: Bibliotheca Alexandrina (CULTNAT) and UNESCO, 2006 , p. 18
  2. Contributions of Arab and Islamic Civilisation to Astronomy from the Scientific Manuscripts of al-Azhar Library, Alexandria: Bibliotheca Alexandrina (CULTNAT) and UNESCO, 2006 , p. 19
Cite this page

islam.museum contributors. “Risalat al-Azazi fi al-mazawil (al-Azazi's treatise on sundials)”. islam.museum, https://islam.museum/en/work/risalat-al-azazi-fi-al-mazawil/. CC BY-SA 4.0. Last updated 2026-11-06.

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Khalil ibn Ibrahim al-Azazi

Egyptian Shafi'i astronomer of the late thirteenth century AH, author of a treatise on sundials and the lines of fadl al-da'ir.