Qiyam al-Layl (night vigil)

Qiyam al-layl is voluntary prayer at night; tahajjud is prayer after sleep — "one of you thinks that if he rises at night and prays till morning he has done tahajjud; tahajjud is only prayer after a sleep." ¹

Witr, on the sounder stated Shafi'i position, is part of qiyam al-layl and tahajjud; a view makes it distinct. It is an emphatic sunna that seals the night prayer. ^{1 2}