The Crusades, Ayyubids and Mamluks

الحروب الصليبية والأيوبيون والمماليك

1095 CE · 488 AH† – 1517 CE · 923 AH† †

† Hijri date derived by computation from the Gregorian/Julian date; it may differ from the transmitted date by a day or two.

The age of the Crusader states, Saladin's Ayyubids and the Mamluk sultanate in Egypt and Syria, ending with the Ottoman conquest.

Depth

At a glance

Region
Levant & Iraq
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The Buyid, Fatimid and Seljuk Era · The Crusades, Ayyubids and Mamluks · The Gunpowder Empires · The Mongol and Post-Mongol Era

On screen

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A historic era in which the leader Salah al-Din al-Ayyubi was famous for wisdom, justice, mercy, and helping people.

An era across the Levant and Egypt marked by encounters with the Frankish Crusader campaigns and the rise of the Ayyubid state under Salah al-Din followed by the Mamluks. This period saw the construction of citadels, colleges, and hospitals, as leaders protected cities and patronized scholarship and history.

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A transformative period in the central Islamic lands extending from the late 5th to early 10th century AH (c. 1096–1517 CE). Encompassing the Crusades and the succession of the Ayyubid and Mamluk sultanates, it witnessed the political unification of Syria and Egypt and the defense against Mongol forces at Ayn Jalut in 658 AH. The era fostered extensive architectural, hospital, and college endowments, alongside monumental encyclopedic writing in history, geography, and law.

Summary

The era of the Crusader states and of the Ayyubids under Salah al-Din, and of the Mamluks in Egypt and the Levant, ending with the Ottoman conquest. The museum roughly bounds it from 1095 CE to 1517 CE. These boundaries are the museum's own organising convention and are not absolute.

Overview

The museum's holdings for this era today include: polities: 8, most frequently appearing figures: 1, works: 2, buildings: 2.

Polities

Most frequently appearing figures

Works

Buildings

What this page covers

This era is still thinly covered in the museum (13 items only), so this page should not be read as a comprehensive survey of it. Its items are being added gradually from primary sources with each new batch.

Notes for researchers

The era's boundaries are the museum's own organising convention and are approximate. For the wider history of this period, see 1 2.

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Connections

Explore the connections

Setting of
Destiny· Saladin the Victorious· The Sultan and the Saint· Al-Zahir Baybars· Saladin: The Conqueror of Jerusalem· Kingdom of Heaven

People and things also explored

صلاح الدين يوسف بن أيوب الملك الناصر· Jerusalem· Youssef Chahine· Cairo· السلطان الظاهر ركن الدين بيبرس البندقداري· ابن رشد الحفيد· Cordoba· Ayyubid dynasty

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Sources

  1. Hodgson, The Venture of Islam (1974)
  2. Hourani, A History of the Arab Peoples (1991)
Cite this page

islam.museum contributors. “The Crusades, Ayyubids and Mamluks”. islam.museum, https://islam.museum/en/period/crusades-ayyubid-mamluk/. CC BY-SA 4.0. Last updated 2026-10-25.

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Related

صلاح الدين يوسف بن أيوب الملك الناصر

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