Arba'un 45 — the sale of wine, carrion, swine and idols forbidden

الأربعون 45 — حرم بيع الخمر والميتة والخنزير والأصنام

The hadith of Jabir ibn Abdullah (may God be pleased with him) that he heard the Messenger of God ﷺ say in the year of the conquest at Mecca: 'God and His Messenger have forbidden the sale of wine, carrion, swine and idols' — and when asked about carrion fat used for greasing ships, oiling hides and giving people light, he said 'no, it is forbidden', then said 'God fight the Jews: God had forbidden them the fat, so they melted it, sold it and ate its price' — the third of Ibn Rajab's added hadiths, transmitted by al-Bukhari (2236, 4296, 4633) and Muslim (1581) through Yazid ibn Abi Habib from Ata' from Jabir, one of Muslim's routes having Yazid say 'Ata' wrote to me'; Ibn Rajab relays Ibn Hajar's note that 'forbade' (singular) occurs in the two Sahihs with the verb referred to a single pronoun, which al-Qurtubi carried on subtle courtesy — not coupling the Prophet with God's name in a dual pronoun, being of the kind by which the Khatib's 'whoever disobeys them' was answered — though the transmitters did not all agree: some routes read 'God forbade' without 'and His Messenger', Ibn Mardawayh's route reads the dual 'forbade both', Anas's sound report on domestic donkeys has 'God and His Messenger forbid you', and al-Nasa'i's route reads 'forbids you' — Ibn Hajar's conclusion being that the singular is permitted because the Prophet's command arises from God's command, as in His saying 'God and His Messenger are worthier that they please Him' (Jami' al-Ulum wal-Hikam pp. 871–880).

Summary

Hadith of Jabir ibn Abdullah: at the conquest of Mecca the Prophet said, "God and His Messenger have forbidden the sale of wine, carrion, pigs and idols", and on the question of fat from carrion he said no, and that God cursed the Jews who melted fat and sold it. It is the third of the hadiths Ibn Rajab added. ¹

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Source: Jami al-Ulum wal-Hikam. Mentions Jabir ibn Abdullah. Built on in the chapters on the sale of forbidden things and the lawful, the unlawful and doubtful matters.

Arba'un 22 — if I pray the prescribed prayers

The hadith of Jabir ibn Abdullah that a man asked the Messenger of God 'if I pray the prescribed prayers, fast Ramadan, treat the lawful as lawful and the unlawful as unlawful, and add nothing to that, shall I enter Paradise?' and he answered 'yes' — the twenty-second of al-Nawawi's Forty and of Ibn Rajab's commentary; transmitted by Muslim alone through Abu al-Zubayr from Jabir with the addition 'by God I shall add nothing to that', and through al-A'mash from Abu Salih and Abu Sufyan from Jabir in which the questioner is named as al-Nu'man ibn Qawqal; Ibn Rajab records two readings of 'treating lawful and unlawful as such': holding the belief that the lawful is lawful and the unlawful forbidden while avoiding it — transmitted from a group including Shaykh Abu Amr ibn al-Salah — and, plausibly, practising the lawful in the broad sense of whatever is not forbidden, covering obligation, recommendation and permission while not transgressing what is allowed and shunning the forbidden, which is the reading Ibn Rajab adopts, 'acting upon the lawful and avoiding the unlawful as stated in this hadith'; he reports from Ibn Masud and Ibn Abbas on 'they recite it as it should be recited' (al-Baqara 121) that 'they treat its lawful as lawful and its unlawful as unlawful', on the verse of the nasi' (al-Tawba 37) that the unbelievers fought in the sacred month one year and so rendered it lawful by practice, on al-Ma'ida 87–88 that it descended about people who forbade wholesome things to themselves in asceticism — by oath, self-prohibition or mere abstention — all termed 'forbidding', and on the proverb 'so-and-so neither permits nor forbids' for one who does not refrain from the forbidden nor stop at what is allowed; the hadith shows that whoever performs the obligations and refrains from the forbidden enters Paradise, a meaning mass-transmitted in such reports as the Abu Hurayra–Abu Sa'id hadith in al-Nasa'i, Ibn Hibban and al-Hakim — 'no servant prays the five prayers, fasts Ramadan, pays the zakat and avoids the seven enormities without the gates of Paradise being opened for him' — followed by 'if you avoid the enormities of what you are forbidden We shall acquit you of your evil deeds' (al-Nisa 31) (Jami' al-Ulum wal-Hikam pp. 477–488).

Arba'un 45 — the sale of wine, carrion, swine and idols forbidden

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Arba'un 22 — if I pray the prescribed prayers