Seven-part Qur'an of Baybars al-Jashankir

Objects Made Words

مصحف بيبرس الجاشنكير ذو الأجزاء السبعة

Seven-volume Qur'an penned in gold by Ibn al-Wahid at Cairo in 704–5/1304–6 for the amir Baybars al-Jashankir and endowed to his khanqah in 707/1308 for Friday readings at the Mosque of al-Hakim 1.

Depth

At a glance

Region
Egypt & Nile

In time

1290130013101320
The Crusades, Ayyubids and Mamluks · The Mongol and Post-Mongol Era

Arts of the bookScripture and its sciences

Summary

A seven-part Qur'an transcribed by Ibn al-Wahid, probably at Cairo, for the Mamluk amir Baybars al-Jashankir in 704–5/1304–6. Blair calls it a tour de force: each volume has some 155 large folios (47 × 32 cm), so more than five hundred bifolios of about 50 × 70 cm were needed. Each page has six lines of a thick round script in gold outlined in black, with chapter headings, pointing and vocalisation in red and other markings in blue. All seven volumes are intact, except for a single folio replaced near the end of the last. 1 2

What sets it apart

It differs from its early fourteenth-century Mamluk contemporaries, which are almost all single volumes on quarter-baghdadi sheets with eleven to fifteen lines: this one is in seven parts on half-baghdadi sheets and in gold, and so bigger, more spacious and more expensive. 2

Endowment and use

It is first mentioned in the endowment deed of Shawwal 707/April 1308 for Baybars's complex, which included his tomb and a khanqah for four hundred Sufis; among the tomb staff is a "reader of the large Qur'an manuscript", a seven-part copy in gold that the founder endowed for Friday readings in the Mosque of al-Hakim, which Baybars had restored after the earthquake of 1303. Blair notes that the sections were not meant to be read daily but were paraded weekly to the mosque. 2 3

How it was made

Dated colophons show that the second section was finished in Jumada II 704 and the seventh in 705 — about two months a volume — and that the outlining of the gold letters by Aydughdi ibn Abdallah al-Badri is dated 705; illumination by Abu Bakr, known as Sandal, and Muhammad ibn Mubadir and the binding followed before the endowment date, so the whole project took about three and a half years. 3

Connections

Explore the connections

Made by
Ibn al-Wahid (Sharaf al-Din Muhammad ibn Sharif)
Commissioned by
الملك المظفر بيبرس الجاشنكير
Made in
Cairo

People and things also explored

Ibn al-Wahid (Sharaf al-Din Muhammad ibn Sharif)· الملك المظفر بيبرس الجاشنكير· Cairo· Ibn al-Sa'igh (Abd al-Rahman ibn Yusuf), calligrapher· Nuzhat al-Nazar fi Tawdih Nukhbat al-Fikar· Al-Azhar Mosque· Bab al-Futuh, Cairo· Bab al-Nasr, Cairo

Sources

  1. Sheila S. Blair, Islamic Calligraphy (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2006) , p. 386
  2. Sheila S. Blair, Islamic Calligraphy (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2006) , p. 387
  3. Sheila S. Blair, Islamic Calligraphy (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2006) , p. 388
Cite this page

islam.museum contributors. “Seven-part Qur'an of Baybars al-Jashankir”. islam.museum, https://islam.museum/en/object/baybars-al-jashankir-quran/. CC BY-SA 4.0. Last updated 2026-11-04.

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Related

Ibn al-Wahid (Sharaf al-Din Muhammad ibn Sharif)

Syrian-born calligrapher, pupil of Yaqut at Baghdad, who moved to Cairo, served Baybars al-Jashankir and penned for him a seven-part Qur'an in gold (704–5/1304–6); he died in 1311 aged 61.