Arts of the book

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Object

• Birmingham Quran manuscript

  Hijazi-script parchment folios at the University of Birmingham; radiocarbon dated 568–645 CE, among the oldest known Qur'an leaves.

• Early Islamic Vase

  Vase; Cleveland Museum of Art, accession 1915.546.

• Early Islamic Bottle

  Bottle; Cleveland Museum of Art, accession 1915.548.

• Basra Blue-and-Turquoise Jug

  Earthenware Jug painted with Blue and Turquoise; Cleveland Museum of Art, accession 1960.277.

• Miniature Vase

  Miniature Vase; Cleveland Museum of Art, accession 1961.379.

• Qur'an Folio, 9th c.

  Qur'an Manuscript Folio; Cleveland Museum of Art, accession 1993.39.

• Qur'an Folio, Abbasid, 9th c.

  Folio from a Qur'an; Cleveland Museum of Art, accession 1933.493.

• Qur'an Leaf, 9th century

  Qur'an Leaf, 9th century; V&A, accession CIRC.161-1951.

• Dish with Splashes of Green

  Dish with Splashes of Green; Cleveland Museum of Art, accession 1915.304.

• Samarra Wall Fragment

  Samarra Wall Fragment; V&A, accession A.86-1922.

• Samarra Wall Fragment II

  Samarra Wall Fragment II; V&A, accession A.92-1922.

• The Blue Qur'an

  A 9th–10th-century Kufic Qur'an in gold on indigo-blue vellum — the most beautiful known Andalusi-Maghrebi mushaf, dispersed across museums.

• Abbasid Qur'an Folios

  Qur'an Manuscript Folio; Cleveland Museum of Art, accession 1933.482.

• Early Iranian Bottle

  Bottle; Cleveland Museum of Art, accession 1951.290.

• Early Islamic Bowl

  Bowl; Cleveland Museum of Art, accession 1915.303.

• Nishapur Tombstone

  Tombstone; Cleveland Museum of Art, accession 1944.59.

• Iranian Jar, 10th c.

  Iranian Jar, 10th c.; V&A, accession C.208-1983.

• Albarello Jar with an Aphorism

  Albarello Jar with an Aphorism; Cleveland Museum of Art, accession 1996.298.

• Jug, 10th c.

  Jug; Cleveland Museum of Art, accession 1966.22.

• Nishapur Bowl, 10th c.

  Bowl; Cleveland Museum of Art, accession 1956.225.

• Nishapur Figural Bowl

  Nishapur Figural Bowl; Cleveland Museum of Art, accession 1959.249.

• Bowl with Two Birds

  Bowl with Two Birds; Cleveland Museum of Art, accession 1969.300.

• Tiraz Fragment, 10th c.

  Tiraz Fragment, 10th c.; V&A, accession T.24-1942.

• Qur'an Leaf, 10th century

  Qur'an Leaf, 10th century; V&A, accession MSL/1985/31.

• Umayyad Coins of Spain

  Umayyad Coins of Spain; V&A, accession 1448toI-1870.

• Madinat al-Zahra Architectural Fragment

  Madinat al-Zahra Architectural Fragment; V&A, accession A.106-1919.

• Qur'an Leaves, 950–1250

  Qur'an Leaves, 950–1250; V&A, accession MSL/1939/1920.

• Jug, 10th–11th c.

  Jug; Cleveland Museum of Art, accession 1915.306.

• Madinat al-Zahra Casket, 961–65

  Madinat al-Zahra Casket, 961–65; V&A, accession 301-1866.

• Madinat al-Zahra Pyxis, c.964

  Madinat al-Zahra Pyxis, c.964; V&A, accession 217-1865.

• Madinat al-Zahra Pyxis, c.969

  Madinat al-Zahra Pyxis, c.969; V&A, accession 368-1880.

• Fatimid Rock-Crystal Flask

  Fatimid Rock-Crystal Flask; V&A, accession 1163-1864.

• Fatimid Glass Weight, 996–1021

  Fatimid Glass Weight, 996–1021; V&A, accession 360:2-1900.

• Gold Armlet

  Armlet; Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession 57.88a–c.

• Harpy

  Harpy; Cleveland Museum of Art, accession 1933.171.

• Fatimid Rock-Crystal Ewer

  Fatimid Rock-Crystal Ewer; V&A, accession 7904-1862.

• Fatimid Wood Panel

  Fatimid Wood Panel; V&A, accession 785-1896.

• Fatimid Wood Panel II

  Fatimid Wood Panel II; V&A, accession 785H-1896.

• Fatimid Wood Panel III

  Fatimid Wood Panel III; V&A, accession 785G-1896.

• Fatimid Wood Panel IV

  Fatimid Wood Panel IV; V&A, accession 785F-1896.

• Fatimid Wood Panel V

  Fatimid Wood Panel V; V&A, accession 785D-1896.

• Amul Bowl

  Bowl; Cleveland Museum of Art, accession 1953.373.

• Fatimid Luster Bowl with Antelope

  Luster Bowl with Antelope; Cleveland Museum of Art, accession 1944.476.

• Bowl with Eagle

  Bowl with Eagle; Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession 63.178.1.

• Fatimid Luster Bowl with Ibex

  Luster Bowl with Ibex; Cleveland Museum of Art, accession 1944.477.

• Egyptian Textile Fragment

  Egyptian Textile Fragment; V&A, accession T.86-1937.

• Strand of Beads

  Strand of Beads; Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession 48.101.70.

• Tiraz of al-Zahir, 996–1021

  Tiraz of al-Zahir, 996–1021; V&A, accession 133-1896.

• Fatimid Glass Weight, 1036–94

  Fatimid Glass Weight, 1036–94; V&A, accession 360:22-1900.

• The Pisa Griffin

  The great 11th-century Islamic bronze that crowned Pisa's cathedral for centuries — the largest Islamic bronze animal sculpture.

• Panel with Horse Heads

  Panel with Horse Heads; Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession 11.205.2.

• Crescent Pendant with Confronted Birds

  Crescent-Shaped Pendant with Confronted Birds; Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession 30.95.37.

• Fatimid Glass Jug

  Fatimid Glass Jug; V&A, accession A.53-1926.

• Iranian Tile

  Iranian Tile; V&A, accession 71A-1885.

• Bird-shaped Vessel

  Bird-shaped Vessel; Cleveland Museum of Art, accession 1948.458.

• Seljuk Jar, 12th c.

  Seljuk Jar, 12th c.; V&A, accession C.9-1952.

• Nishapur Seljuk Jug

  Jug; Cleveland Museum of Art, accession 1985.22.

• Rayy Jug, 12th c.

  Jug; Cleveland Museum of Art, accession 1915.525.

• Bowl with Griffin

  Bowl with Griffin; Cleveland Museum of Art, accession 1925.1182.

• Footed Bowl, late 12th c.

  Footed Bowl; Cleveland Museum of Art, accession 1915.581.

• Seljuk Qur'an Page

  Page from a Qur'an (verso); Cleveland Museum of Art, accession 1933.488.b.

• Ghaznavid Salver

  Salver; Cleveland Museum of Art, accession 1980.179.

• Standing Figure with Jeweled Headdress

  Standing Figure with Jeweled Headdress; Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession 67.119.

• Pyxis (Cylindrical Container)

  Pyxis (Cylindrical Container); Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession 1998.298a, b.

• Morgan Casket

  Morgan Casket; Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession 17.190.241.

• Seljuk Qur'an Leaf

  Double-Sided Leaf from a Qur'an; Cleveland Museum of Art, accession 1939.507.

• Tombstone of Shaikh al-Husain (1110)

  Inscribed Tombstone of Shaikh al-Husain ibn Abdallah ibn al-Hasan (died 1110); Cleveland Museum of Art, accession 1950.9.

• Coronation mantle of Roger II

  The Norman coronation mantle made in the royal workshops of Palermo in 527 AH/1133 CE with an Arabic inscription dating it; kept in the Vienna treasury.

• Minbar of the Kutubiyya

  Marrakesh's inlaid wooden minbar (1137) — the finest surviving Islamic minbar, from Cordoba's Andalusi workshops.

• Qur'an Folio (531 AH)

  Folio from a Qur'an Manuscript; Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession 1996.238.2.

• Goblet (1100-1200)

  Goblet, Iran, 1100-1200; V&A accession C.71-1967.

• Seljuq Mortar

  Mortar; Cleveland Museum of Art, accession 1992.190.

• Jug with Running Animals

  Jug with Running Animals; Cleveland Museum of Art, accession 1947.495.

• Seljuk Panel, 1150–1250

  Seljuk Panel, 1150–1250; V&A, accession C.262-1919.

• Feline Incense Burner

  Feline Incense Burner; Cleveland Museum of Art, accession 1948.308.

• Mirror with Four Leaves

  Mirror with Four Leaves; Cleveland Museum of Art, accession 1995.403.

• Lion-headed Stand

  Lion-headed Stand; Cleveland Museum of Art, accession 1931.453.

• Seljuq Bowl

  Bowl; Cleveland Museum of Art, accession 1939.214.

• Kashan Jug, 1170–1220

  Jug; Cleveland Museum of Art, accession 1915.584.

• Luster Dish with Seated Prince

  Luster Dish with Seated Prince; Cleveland Museum of Art, accession 1951.289.

• Luster Dish with Polo Player

  Luster Dish with Polo Player; Cleveland Museum of Art, accession 1944.74.

• Mina'i Beaker with Seated Princes

  Mina'i Beaker with Seated Princes; Cleveland Museum of Art, accession 1917.977.

• Incense Burner of Amir Saif al-Dunya wa'l-Din

  Incense Burner of Amir Saif al-Dunya wa’l-Din ibn Muhammad al-Mawardi; Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession 51.56.

• Kashan Lustre Dish, 1180–1220

  Kashan Lustre Dish, 1180–1220; V&A, accession C.163-1977.

• Folio from a Qur'an Manuscript (ca. 1180, Met 29.160.23)

  Folio from a Qur'an Manuscript; Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession 29.160.23.

• Folio from a Qur'an Manuscript (ca. 1180, Met 29.160.24)

  Folio from a Qur'an Manuscript; Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession 29.160.24.

• Kashan Ewer, 1175–1200

  Kashan Ewer, 1175–1200; V&A, accession C.1954-1910.

• Luster Bowl with Winged Horse

  Luster Bowl with Winged Horse; Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession 16.87.

• Ewer Inlaid with Silver

  Ewer; Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession 44.15.

• Konya Tile, c.1200

  Konya Tile, c.1200; V&A, accession 674-1900.

• Rum Seljuk Tile, 1200–50

  Rum Seljuk Tile, 1200–50; V&A, accession 346-1906.

• Turkish Tile, 13th c.

  Turkish Tile, 13th c.; V&A, accession 342 to B-1906.

• Bowl (13th century)

  Bowl, Iran, 13th century; V&A accession C.778-1909.

• Bowl (13th century)

  Bowl, Rayy, 13th century; V&A accession CIRC.1253-1926.

• Bowl (1180-1220)

  Bowl, Kashan, 1180-1220; V&A accession C.85-1918.

• Bowl (13th century)

  Bowl, Iran, 13th century; V&A accession C.81-1918.

• Bowl (1180-1220)

  Bowl, Kashan, 1180-1220; V&A accession C.52-1952.

• Bowl (1180-1220)

  Bowl, Iran, 1180-1220; V&A accession C.161-1977.

• Khurasan Ewer, c.1200–50

  Khurasan Ewer, c.1200–50; V&A, accession 592-1898.

• The Wade Cup

  The Wade Cup with Animated Script; Cleveland Museum of Art, accession 1944.485.

• Rum Seljuk Tile Panel

  Rum Seljuk Tile Panel; V&A, accession 343-1906.

• Benefits of the Parts of Vultures

  "Benefits of the Parts of Vultures" (From the Manafi' al-Haywan of Abu Sai'd Ubayd-Allay I; Cleveland Museum of Art, accession 2006.149.

• Rasulid Sultan's Brazier

  Brazier of Rasulid Sultan al-Malik al-Muzaffar Shams al-Din Yusuf ibn 'Umar; Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession 91.1.540.

• Mirror with Addorsed Sphinxes

  Mirror with Addorsed Sphinxes; Cleveland Museum of Art, accession 1995.402.

• Dragon-headed Stand

  Dragon-headed Stand; Cleveland Museum of Art, accession 1952.8.

• Turquoise Bowl with Lute Player

  Turquoise Bowl with Lute Player and Audience; Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession 57.61.16.

• Raqqa Bowl

  Bowl; Cleveland Museum of Art, accession 1915.639.

• Kashan Fragment, 1200–20

  Kashan Fragment, 1200–20; V&A, accession 459-1888.

• Siculo-Arabic Casket

  Siculo-Arabic Casket; V&A, accession 700-1884.

• Andalusi Qur'an Folio

  Qur'an Manuscript Folio; Cleveland Museum of Art, accession 1933.440.

• Hitching Post

  Hitching Post; Cleveland Museum of Art, accession 1944.481.

• Kashan Lustre Dish, 1208

  Kashan Lustre Dish, 1208; V&A, accession C.51-1952.

• Pierced Jug with Harpies and Sphinxes

  Pierced Jug with Harpies and Sphinxes; Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession 32.52.1.

• Kashan Tile Frieze, c.1215

  Kashan Tile Frieze, c.1215; V&A, accession 1481 to B-1876.

• Khurasan Ewer, c.1220–40

  Khurasan Ewer, c.1220–40; V&A, accession 381-1897.

• Khurasan Candlestick, c.1220–40

  Khurasan Candlestick, c.1220–40; V&A, accession 333-1892.

• Luxury Ewer (Mosul, 1223)

  Luxury Ewer Extending Good Fortune to the Owner; Cleveland Museum of Art, accession 1956.11.

• Preparing Medicine from Honey

  "Preparing Medicine from Honey", from a Dispersed Manuscript of an Arabic Translation of D; Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession 57.51.21.

• Men Treading Grapes

  "Men Treading Grapes", Folio from a Materia Medica of Dioscorides; Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession 56.20.

• Dioscorides Folio, 1224

  Folio from an Arabic translation of the Materia Medica of Dioscorides; Cleveland Museum of Art, accession 1977.91.

• Enamelled Box, 1238–40

  Enamelled Box, 1238–40; V&A, accession 8508:1, 2-1863.

• Blacas ewer

  A silver-inlaid brass ewer from Mosul made in 629 AH/1232 CE by Shuja' ibn Man'a al-Mawsili; a masterpiece of Mosul metalwork in the British Museum.

• Tray Portraying Courtly Pleasures

  Tray Portraying Courtly Pleasures; Cleveland Museum of Art, accession 1945.386.

• Mosul Brass Tray

  Mosul Brass Tray; V&A, accession 905-1907.

• Luck of Edenhall

  A 14th-century enamelled glass beaker from Syria or Egypt that travelled to Europe and became an English family legend; at the V&A.

• Luxury Inlaid Container

  Luxury Inlaid Container; Cleveland Museum of Art, accession 1944.482.

• Syrian Beaker, 1250

  Syrian Beaker, 1250; V&A, accession C.189-1937.

• Lamp (mid 13th century)

  Lamp, Syria, mid 13th century; V&A accession 330-1900.

• Syrian Flask or Sprinkler

  Flask or Sprinkler; Cleveland Museum of Art, accession 1919.235.

• Kashan Bowl, mid-1200s

  Bowl; Cleveland Museum of Art, accession 1944.484.

• Anatolian Candlestick

  Candlestick; Cleveland Museum of Art, accession 1951.539.

• Kashan Tile Panel, 1262

  Kashan Tile Panel, 1262; V&A, accession 1837&A, C, E, F-1876, 1487-1876, 1489-1876, 1838&C, E-1876, 1077-1892, 1099&A-1892, 1100&A-1892.

• Kashan Tile, c.1266

  Kashan Tile, c.1266; V&A, accession 469-1888.

• Luster Wall Tile with a Couple, 1266

  Luster Wall Tile with a Couple; Cleveland Museum of Art, accession 1915.524.

• Mamluk Incense Burner

  Mamluk Incense Burner; V&A, accession M.709:1 to 2-1910.

• Bowl with Flying Birds

  Bowl with Flying Birds; Cleveland Museum of Art, accession 1915.589.

• Mamluk Writing Box

  Mamluk Writing Box; V&A, accession 370-1897.

• Mosque Lamp of Amir Aydakin

  Mosque Lamp for the Mausoleum of Amir Aydakin al-'Ala'i al-Bunduqdar; Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession 17.190.985.

• Enameled and Gilded Bottle

  Enameled and Gilded Bottle; Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession 41.150.

• Astrolabe of Umar ibn Yusuf

  Astrolabe of ‘Umar ibn Yusuf ibn ‘Umar ibn ‘Ali ibn Rasul al-Muzaffari; Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession 91.1.535a–h.

• Wood Panel, Cairo 1296

  Wood Panel, Cairo 1296; V&A, accession 1051-1869.

• Folios on Khusrau Parviz and Nushirwan, c.1299

  Episodes from the Reigns of Khusrau Parviz and Nushirwan from a Shahnama (Book of Kings) o; Cleveland Museum of Art, accession 1944.480.

• Ilkhanid Wall Tile

  Wall Tile; Cleveland Museum of Art, accession 1915.649.

• Wall Tile with Lotus Blossom

  Wall Tile with Lotus Blossom; Cleveland Museum of Art, accession 1915.645.

• Kashan Tomb Tile, c.1300

  Kashan Tomb Tile, c.1300; V&A, accession 1821 to B-1876.

• Samarkand Tile, late 14th c.

  Samarkand Tile, late 14th c.; V&A, accession 1291C-1893.

• Baptistère de Saint-Louis

  The Mamluk silver-and-gold inlaid brass basin (c.1300) in which French kings were baptised — a metalwork masterwork in the Louvre.

• Beaker (1250-1350)

  Beaker, Egypt, 1250-1350; V&A accession 335-1900.

• Toledo Well Head

  Toledo Well Head; V&A, accession 1763-1871.

• Qualities of Ringdoves

  Qualities of Ringdoves (recto); On the Benefits of Quails (verso), from a Persian Manafi‘; Cleveland Museum of Art, accession 1945.382.

• Twelve-sided Ewer with Sphinxes

  Twelve-sided Ewer with Sphinxes and Human-Headed Inscriptions; Cleveland Museum of Art, accession 1945.27.

• Mamluk Enamelled Chalice

  Mamluk Enamelled Chalice; V&A, accession 761-1900.

• Granada Brick, c.1300–1400

  Granada Brick, c.1300–1400; V&A, accession C.291-1938.

• Salting Mihrab

  Salting Mihrab; V&A, accession C.1977-1910.

• Mamluk Mosque Lamp, 1309–10

  Mamluk Mosque Lamp, 1309–10; V&A, accession 322-1900.

• Confronted Animal Rug

  Confronted Animal Rug; Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession 1990.61.

• Mamluk Tray

  Mamluk Tray; V&A, accession 420-1854.

• Qur'an Folio (late 13th–early 14th c.)

  Folio from a Qur'an Manuscript; Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession 42.63.

• Qur'an Folio (dated 707 AH)

  Folio from a Qur'an Manuscript; Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession 55.44.

• Mamluk Qur'an Folio

  Qur'an Manuscript Folio; Cleveland Museum of Art, accession 1933.480.

• Cairo Qur'an Leaf, 1300s

  Leaf from a Qur'an (verso); Cleveland Museum of Art, accession 2013.102.b.

• Balustrade Fragment from Hamadan

  Balustrade Fragment with Animals from the residence of Hajji Hasan ibn Ibrahim ibn Muhamma; Cleveland Museum of Art, accession 1938.15.

• Kashan Tile, c.1305

  Kashan Tile, c.1305; V&A, accession 1527-1876.

• Bowl (1260-1350)

  Bowl, Kashan, 1260-1350; V&A accession CIRC.349-1929.

• Kashan Mihrab, 1307

  Kashan Mihrab, 1307; V&A, accession 71-1885.

• Peacock-shaped Hand Washing Device

  Peacock-shaped Hand Washing Device (recto); Text Page, Arabic Prose (verso); Cleveland Museum of Art, accession 1945.383.

• The Elephant Clock (folio)

  "The Elephant Clock", Folio from a Book of the Knowledge of Ingenious Mechanical Devices b; Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession 57.51.23.

• Mamluk Mosque Lamp, 1320–30

  Mamluk Mosque Lamp, 1320–30; V&A, accession 580-1875.

• Pair of Minbar Doors

  Pair of Minbar Doors; Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession 91.1.2064.

• The Funeral of Isfandiyar

  "The Funeral of Isfandiyar," Folio from a Shahnama (Book of Kings); Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession 33.70.

• Juz' 30 Qur'an, Iran

  Juz' 30 Qur'an, Iran; V&A, accession MSL/1876/675.

• Folio from Mu'nis al-Ahrar

  Folio from a Mu'nis al-ahrar fi daqa'iq al-ash'ar (The Free Man's Companion to the Subtlet; Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession 19.68.1.

• Mamluk Mosque Lamp, c.1340

  Mamluk Mosque Lamp, c.1340; V&A, accession 1056-1869.

• Mamluk Mosque Lamp, 1342–45

  Mamluk Mosque Lamp, 1342–45; V&A, accession 6820-1860.

• Tale of the Twelve Faces

  The Tale of the Twelve Faces. "Bizhan Addresses the Army": Illustration from the Firdausi; Cleveland Museum of Art, accession 1944.479.

• Mu'nis al-Ahrar Folio

  Animals, Precious Stones, Coins, and Musical Instruments (recto); Animals, Birds, and Plan; Cleveland Museum of Art, accession 1945.385.

• Mamluk Qur'an Bifolios

  Qur'an Manuscript Folio (recto) [Right side of Bifolio]; Cleveland Museum of Art, accession 1933.473.1.a.

• Mihrab of Isfahan (Met)

  Mihrab (Prayer Niche); Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession 39.20.

• Mamluk Enamelled Bottle, c.1350

  Mamluk Enamelled Bottle, c.1350; V&A, accession 328-1900.

• Textile Fragment (lampas)

  Textile Fragment; Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession 29.22.

• Mamluk Mosque Lamp, 1347–61

  Mamluk Mosque Lamp, 1347–61; V&A, accession 324-1900.

• Bottle (1347-1370)

  Bottle, Egypt, 1347-1370; V&A accession 223-1879.

• Mosque lamp (ca. 1360)

  Mosque lamp, Egypt, ca. 1360; V&A accession 323-1900.

• Surahs 29–33 Qur'an, Iran

  Surahs 29–33 Qur'an, Iran; V&A, accession MSL/1885/361.

• Konya Tile Panel, 1381–82

  Konya Tile Panel, 1381–82; V&A, accession 1108:1 to 4-1898.

• Tile (1381-2)

  Tile, Konya, 1381-2; V&A accession 1109-1898.

• Tile (1381-2)

  Tile, Konya, 1381-2; V&A accession 1109A-1898.

• Gwalior Quran

  An Indian mushaf written in 1399 CE in Gwalior; a witness to Qur'anic calligraphic tradition under the Indian sultanates.

• Mamluk Qur'an Leaves

  Mamluk Qur'an Leaves; V&A, accession MSL/1869/7217.

• Bahram Gur in the Black Pavilion

  Bahram Gur Visits the Princess of India in the Black Pavilion (recto): Illustration and Te; Cleveland Museum of Art, accession 1944.486.a.

• Khar (Ass) from the Nuzhat-nama

  Khar (Ass), from a Nuzhat-nama-yi ala'i (Excellent Book of Counsel) of Shahmardan ibn Abi; Cleveland Museum of Art, accession 1947.498.b.

• Mudejar Panel, c.1400

  Mudejar Panel, c.1400; V&A, accession 214-1894.

• Jonah and the Whale

  "Jonah and the Whale", Folio Probably from a Jami al-Tavarikh (Compendium of Chronicles); Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession 33.113.

• The Story of Hushang

  The Story of Hushang (recto), Illustration and text (Persian Prose) from Majmac al-Tavari; Cleveland Museum of Art, accession 1931.452.

• Samarkand Tile, c.1403

  Samarkand Tile, c.1403; V&A, accession 1284-1893.

• Thaalibia Quran

  An Algerian mushaf written in Maghribi script in 1404 CE, kept at the Thaalibia library in Algiers; among the finest codices of the Maghreb.

• Damascus Tile, 1420–50

  Damascus Tile, 1420–50; V&A, accession 109-1881.

• Damascus Tile II

  Damascus Tile II; V&A, accession 407:1-1898.

• Damascus Tile III

  Damascus Tile III; V&A, accession 411-1898.

• The Story of Adam

  Text Page, Persian Prose (recto); The Story of Adam peace upon him, his Sons and Progeny (; Cleveland Museum of Art, accession 1945.384.

• Story of Hushang II

  The Story of Hushang, from a Majma al-tavarikh (A Compendium of Histories) of Hafiz-i Abru; Cleveland Museum of Art, accession 1931.452.a.

• The Eavesdropper

  "The Eavesdropper", Folio 47r from a Haft Paikar (Seven Portraits) of the Khamsa (Quintet); Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession 13.228.13.6.

• Shamsa from Shiraz, 1444

  Shamsa (recto) from right folio from a double-page frontispiece of a Shahnama (Book of Kin; Cleveland Museum of Art, accession 1945.169.a.

• Jewelry Elements

  Jewelry Elements; Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession 1989.87a–l.

• Damascus Geometric Bowl

  Bowl with Geometric Designs; Cleveland Museum of Art, accession 1945.133.

• Bursa Velvet Fragment, c.1450–1550

  Bursa Velvet Fragment, c.1450–1550; V&A, accession 356-1897.

• Mamluk Ceiling

  Mamluk Ceiling; V&A, accession FWK.LOST.838-2007.

• Demon in Chains

  Demon in chains; Cleveland Museum of Art, accession 1982.63.

• Bookbinding for a Qur'an

  Bookbinding for a Qur'an; Cleveland Museum of Art, accession 1944.495.

• Al-Burdah Manuscript

  Al-Burdah Manuscript; V&A, accession MSL/1869/7218.

• Mamluk Minbar

  Mamluk Minbar; V&A, accession 1050:1 to 2-1869.

• Illuminated Folio from a Gulistan

  Illuminated Folio from a Gulistan (Rose Garden) of Sa'di (c. 1213–1291); Cleveland Museum of Art, accession 2006.148.

• Al-Wajiz Manuscript

  Al-Wajiz Manuscript; V&A, accession MSL/1869/7219.

• Dancing Dervishes

  "Dancing Dervishes", Folio from a Divan of Hafiz; Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession 17.81.4.

• Mosque lamp (ca. 1468-1496)

  Mosque lamp, Egypt, ca. 1468-1496; V&A accession 109-1888.

• Nushirwan Sends Mihran Sitad

  Nushirwan Sends Mihran Sitad to Fetch the Daughter of the King of China (Recto); The Forty; Cleveland Museum of Art, accession 1962.25.

• Kitab Suwar al-Kawakib (Met)

  Kitab suwar al-kawakib al-thabita (Book of the Images of the Fixed Stars) of al-Sufi; Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession 13.160.10.

• Mamluk Basin, 1482–99

  Mamluk Basin, 1482–99; V&A, accession 206-1892.

• Bengal Dedicatory Inscription, 1495

  Bengal Dedicatory Inscription, 1495; V&A, accession IS.154-1984.

• Khusrau and Shirin (904 AH)

  Khusrau and Shirin; Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession 69.27.

• Scene from the Sharaf-nameh

  A scene of the life of Alexander from the Sharaf-nameh; Cleveland Museum of Art, accession 2021.237.

• Jug (ca. 1500)

  Jug, Istanbul, ca. 1500; V&A accession 158-1894.

• Dragon-Handled Jug

  Dragon-Handled Jug with Inscription; Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession 91.1.607.

• Dedicatory Inscription from a Mosque

  Dedicatory Inscription from a Mosque; Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession 1981.320.

• Brasero

  Brasero; Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession 68.215.2.

• Ottoman Kaftan, 16th c.

  Ottoman Kaftan, 16th c.; V&A, accession 754-1884.

• Ottoman Kaftan II

  Ottoman Kaftan II; V&A, accession 763-1884.

• Ascetic's Bowl

  Ascetic's Bowl; V&A, accession 755-1889.

• Anhalt Medallion Carpet

  The Anhalt Medallion Carpet; Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession 46.128.

• Five Medallion Carpet

  Five Medallion Carpet; Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession 1970.105.

• Mamluk Carpet

  Mamluk Carpet; Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession 22.100.52.

• Qur'an Folio from Herat

  Qur'an Manuscript Folio (Recto); Illuminated Page; Cleveland Museum of Art, accession 1924.746.1.a.

• Khamriyya Folio from Herat

  Persian Verse (khamriyya) (verso); Cleveland Museum of Art, accession 1983.1115.b.

• Iznik Basin, 1510–20

  Iznik Basin, 1510–20; V&A, accession 7409-1860.

• Tabriz Ink Pot

  Tabriz Ink Pot; V&A, accession 2:1 to 2-1883.

• Bursa Tomb Cover

  Bursa Tomb Cover; V&A, accession 779-1892.

• Farhad Carves a Milk Channel for Shirin

  "Farhad Carves a Milk Channel for Shirin", Folio 74 from a Khamsa (Quintet) of Nizami of G; Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession 13.228.7.5.

• Safavid Flask, 1523–24

  Safavid Flask, 1523–24; V&A, accession C.1973-1910.

• The Feast of Sada

  "The Feast of Sada", Folio 22v from the Shahnama (Book of Kings) of Shah Tahmasp; Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession 1970.301.2.

• Lidded bowl (1500 - 1550)

  Lidded bowl, Damascus, 1500 - 1550; V&A accession 841&A-1891.

• Tahmuras Defeats the Divs

  "Tahmuras Defeats the Divs", Folio 23v from the Shahnama (Book of Kings) of Shah Tahmasp; Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession 1970.301.3.

• Bottle (1535-1540)

  Bottle, Iznik, 1535-1540; V&A accession 6785-1860.

• Isfandiyar Slays a Dragon

  "Isfandiyar's Third Course: He Slays a Dragon", Folio 434v from the Shahnama (Book of King; Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession 1970.301.51.

• Large Dish with Artichokes

  Large Dish with Artichokes; Cleveland Museum of Art, accession 1995.17.

• The Ardabil Carpet

  The most famous Islamic carpet in history (1539–40) — among the oldest dated carpets and the Safavid benchmark, at LACMA (its twin at the V&A).

• Iznik Bowl, c.1545

  Iznik Bowl, c.1545; V&A, accession C.1979-1910.

• Ottoman Hanging

  Ottoman Hanging; V&A, accession 486-1889.

• Bottle (c. 1545)

  Bottle, Iznik, c. 1545; V&A accession C.2021-1910.

• Camel and Groom

  Camel and Groom; Single Page Illustration; Cleveland Museum of Art, accession 1944.489.

• 'Saz'-Style Drawing of a Dragon

  'Saz'-Style Drawing of a Dragon Amid Foliage; Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession 57.51.26.

• Princess with Wine Bottle

  Princess with Wine Bottle and Cup (recto); Cleveland Museum of Art, accession 1947.496.a.

• Damascus Tile, c.1550

  Damascus Tile, c.1550; V&A, accession 1504-1871.

• Dish (ca. 1550)

  Dish, Iznik, ca. 1550; V&A accession C.1986-1910.

• Pierced Window Screen (Jali)

  Pierced Window Screen (Jali); Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession 1993.67.2.

• Dagger with Zoomorphic Hilt

  Dagger with Zoomorphic Hilt; Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession 2011.236.

• Safavid Courtiers Leading Georgian Captives

  Safavid Courtiers Leading Georgian Captives; Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession 52.20.12.

• Picnic in the Mountains

  Picnic in the Mountains; Single Page Illustration; Cleveland Museum of Art, accession 1944.491.

• Bursa Velvet, 1550–1600

  Bursa Velvet, 1550–1600; V&A, accession 1061-1900.

• Velvet with Figural Imagery

  Velvet with Figural Imagery; Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession 52.20.11.

• Ottoman Velvet, 1550–99

  Ottoman Velvet, 1550–99; V&A, accession 355-1897.

• Textile Fragment (kemha)

  Textile Fragment; Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession 52.20.22.

• Fragment of a Kaftan Back

  Fragment of a Kaftan Back; Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession 52.20.15.

• Silk Kashan Carpet

  Silk Kashan Carpet; Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession 58.46.

• 'Lotto' Carpet

  'Lotto' Carpet; Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession 08.167.1.

• Gilded Wooden Ceiling

  Ceiling; Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession 56.234.35.

• Turkish Lamp, c.1557

  Turkish Lamp, c.1557; V&A, accession 131-1885.

• Tughra of Süleyman the Magnificent (Met 38.149.1)

  Tughra (Insignia) of Sultan Süleiman the Magnificent (r. 1520–66); Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession 38.149.1.

• Tughra of Süleyman the Magnificent (Met 38.149.2)

  Tughra (Insignia) of Sultan Süleiman the Magnificent (r. 1520–66); Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession 38.149.2.

• Dish (ca. 1560)

  Dish, Iznik, ca. 1560; V&A accession C.2015-1910.

• King Luhrasp Ascends the Throne

  King Luhrasp Ascends the Throne: a Processon Arrives at Court (recto); the Story of King L; Cleveland Museum of Art, accession 1962.24.

• Iznik Stele Tile

  Iznik Stele Tile; V&A, accession 862-1901.

• Iznik Dish, 1550–70

  Iznik Dish, 1550–70; V&A, accession 716-1902.

• Dragon Wrapped around Saz Leaves

  Dragon Wrapped around Saz Leaves; Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession 2000.424.

• Iznik Tile Spandrel with Floral Sprays

  Tile Spandrel with Floral Sprays; Cleveland Museum of Art, accession 2004.70.

• Garden Scene with a Master Instructing a Student

  Garden Scene with a Master Instructing a Student in a Pavilion; Cleveland Museum of Art, accession 1939.508.

• Iznik Bottle, 1575–80

  Iznik Bottle, 1575–80; V&A, accession 973-1875.

• Loom Width with Wavy-Vine Pattern

  Fragmentary Loom Width with Wavy-Vine Pattern; Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession 52.20.21.

• Bottle (1560-90)

  Bottle, Iznik, 1560-90; V&A accession C.1992-1910.

• Shah Tahmasp Seated in a Landscape

  Shah Tahmasp I (1514–1576) Seated in a Landscape; Cleveland Museum of Art, accession 1917.1078.

• Plate (ca. 1575)

  Plate, Iznik, ca. 1575; V&A accession 314-1867.

• Plate (ca. 1575)

  Plate, Iznik, ca. 1575; V&A accession 723-1893.

• Silk Animal Carpet

  Silk Animal Carpet; Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession 14.40.721.

• The Emperor's Carpet

  The Emperor's Carpet; Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession 43.121.1.

• Tile with Floral and Cloud-band Design

  Tile with Floral and Cloud-band Design; Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession 02.5.91.

• Dish (1580-1585)

  Dish, Iznik, 1580-1585; V&A accession C.2028-1910.

• Dish (ca. 1570-1590)

  Dish, Iznik, ca. 1570-1590; V&A accession C.2038-1910.

• Iznik Tile Panel, c.1580

  Iznik Tile Panel, c.1580; V&A, accession 401:1 to 24-1900.

• Iznik Mosque Lamp, 1585–95

  Mosque Lamp; Cleveland Museum of Art, accession 1944.236.

• Iznik Mosque Lamp II, 1585–95

  Mosque Lamp; Cleveland Museum of Art, accession 1944.287.

• Bath Pail (Satl)

  Bath Pail (Satl); Cleveland Museum of Art, accession 1969.291.

• Dish Depicting Two Birds

  Dish Depicting Two Birds among Flowering Plants; Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession 59.69.1.

• Carpet with Triple-Arch Design

  Carpet with Triple-Arch Design; Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession 22.100.51.

• Akbar and Jaimal

  Akbar and Jaimal; V&A, accession IS.2:68-1896.

• Princess of the Blue Pavilion

  "The Story of the Princess of the Blue Pavillion: The Youth of Rum Is Entertained in a Gar; Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession 13.228.33.

• Bahram Gur Sees a Herd of Deer

  "Bahram Gur Sees a Herd of Deer Mesmerized by Dilaram' s Music", Folio from a Khamsa (Quin; Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession 13.228.28.

• Dagger (ca. 1580-1600)

  Dagger, Mughal Empire, ca. 1580-1600; V&A accession IS.86-1981.

• Dish (ca. 1590)

  Dish, Iznik, ca. 1590; V&A accession C.2016-1910.

• Tarkhan Divana and Husain Quli Khan

  Tarkhan Divana and Husain Quli Khan; V&A, accession IS.2:32-1896.

• A Muslim Pilgrim Learns a Lesson in Piety from a Brahman

  "A Muslim Pilgrim Learns a Lesson in Piety from a Brahman", Folio from a Khamsa (Quintet); Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession 13.228.29.

• Krishna Holds Up Mount Govardhan

  "Krishna Holds Up Mount Govardhan to Shelter the Villagers of Braj", Folio from a Harivams; Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession 28.63.1.

• Battle of Sarnal in Gujarat

  Battle of Sarnal in Gujarat; V&A, accession IS.2:106-1896.

• A King Offers to Make Amends to a Bereaved Mother

  "A King Offers to Make Amends to a Bereaved Mother", Folio from a Khamsa (Quintet) of Amir; Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession 13.228.26.

• The Angel Gabriel Meets Amr ibn Zaid

  "The Angel Gabriel meets 'Amr ibn Zaid (the Shepherd)", Folio from a Siyer-i Nebi (the Lif; Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession 1994.141.

• Tile with a Man Carrying a Wine Bottle

  Wall Tile with a Man Carrying a Wine Bottle; Cleveland Museum of Art, accession 1915.648.

• Iznik Wall Tiles, 17th c.

  Wall Tiles; Cleveland Museum of Art, accession 1915.651.

• Mace (Chob)

  Mace (Chob); V&A, accession IM.228-1927.

• Dagger and sheath (17th century)

  Dagger and sheath, Mughal Empire, 17th century; V&A accession 759&A-1903.

• Dagger hilt (17th century)

  Dagger hilt, Mughal Empire, 17th century; V&A accession IS.232-1964.

• Youth Holding a Pomegranate

  Youth Holding a Pomegranate; Illustration from a Single Page Manuscript; Cleveland Museum of Art, accession 1947.497.

• Ottoman Cover

  Ottoman Cover; V&A, accession 830-1902.

• Mughal Dagger, early 17th c.

  Mughal Dagger, early 17th c.; V&A, accession 371&A-1875.

• Iznik Jug, c.1600

  Iznik Jug, c.1600; V&A, accession 728-1893.

• Calligraphic Plaque

  Calligraphic Plaque; Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession 1987.14.

• Huqqa Base with Irises

  Base for a Water Pipe (Huqqa) with Irises; Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession 1984.221.

• Velvet Panel with Flowering Plants

  Velvet Panel with Flowering Plants; Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession 12.72.5.

• Bijapur Painting, c.1600

  Bijapur Painting, c.1600; V&A, accession IS.88-1965.

• Caucasus Dish

  Dish; Cleveland Museum of Art, accession 1915.595.

• 'Bellini' Carpet

  "Bellini" Carpet; Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession 22.100.114.

• Carpet with Palm Trees, Ibexes and Birds

  Carpet with Palm Trees, Ibexes, and Birds; Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession 17.190.858.

• 'Lotto' Carpet (ca. 1600)

  "Lotto" Carpet; Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession 1978.24.

• Deccan Sword, early 17th c.

  Deccan Sword, early 17th c.; V&A, accession 3327 (IS).

• Flower-Style Box with Drawers

  Flower-Style Box with Drawers; Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession 1976.176.1.

• Tankard (1550-1650)

  Tankard, Turkey, 1550-1650; V&A accession ME.5-2011.

• The Concourse of the Birds

  "The Concourse of the Birds", Folio 11r from a Mantiq al-Tayr (Language of the Birds); Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession 63.210.11.

• Persian Astrolabe, 1600–1700

  Persian Astrolabe, 1600–1700; V&A, accession 419-1876.

• Persian Astrolabe, 17th c.

  Persian Astrolabe, 17th c.; V&A, accession 809-1889.

• A Stallion

  A Stallion; Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession 1992.51.

• Bursa Silk Velvet, early 17th c.

  Bursa Silk Velvet, early 17th c.; V&A, accession 96-1878.

• Mughal Painting, 1610–15

  Mughal Painting, 1610–15; V&A, accession IM.10-1925.

• Jahangir's Jade Wine Cup

  Jahangir's Jade Wine Cup; V&A, accession IM.152-1924.

• Ottoman Sword, 1616

  Ottoman Sword, 1616; V&A, accession M.31-1965.

• Mughal Hunting Coat

  Mughal Hunting Coat; V&A, accession IS.18-1947.

• Shah Jahan on a Terrace

  "Shah Jahan on a Terrace, Holding a Pendant Set With His Portrait", Folio from the Shah Ja; Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession 55.121.10.24.

• Sultan Muhammad Qutb Shah of Golconda

  Sultan Muhammad Qutb Shah of Golconda; V&A, accession IM.22-1925.

• Akbar With Lion and Calf

  "Akbar With Lion and Calf", Folio from the Shah Jahan Album; Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession 55.121.10.22.

• The Lovers

  The Lovers; Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession 50.164.

• Sketch of a Young Man and Persian Calligraphy

  Sketch of a Young Man and Persian Calligraphy; Cleveland Museum of Art, accession 1925.132.

• Portrait of Asaf Khan

  Portrait of Asaf Khan; V&A, accession IM.26-1925.

• Portrait of Muhammad Ali Beg

  Portrait of Muhammad Ali Beg; V&A, accession IM.25-1925.

• Floral Tent Panel

  Floral Tent Panel; Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession 1981.321.

• Dagger with Blue Bull Hilt

  Dagger with Hilt in the Form of a Blue Bull (Nilgai); Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession 1985.58a, b.

• Garden Gathering (tile panel)

  Garden Gathering; Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession 03.9c.

• Deccan Huqqa Base

  Deccan Huqqa Base; V&A, accession 45-1905.

• Dish with Two Intertwined Dragons

  Dish with Two Intertwined Dragons; Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession 65.109.2.

• Rosette with the Names of Shah Jahan

  "Rosette Bearing the Names and Titles of Shah Jahan", Folio from the Shah Jahan Album; Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession 55.121.10.39.

• Tughra of Shah Muhammad ibn Ibrahim

  Tughra: Shah Muhammad bin Ibrahim Khan, al-muzaffar daima (Sultan Mehmed, son of Ibrahim; Cleveland Museum of Art, accession 1944.525.

• Windsor Shahnameh (Shahnameh of Qarjaghai Khan)

  Draft card for the Windsor Shahnameh, the illustrated copy of Firdawsi's epic produced for the Safavid commander Qarjaghai Khan and kept in the Royal Collection; its sources are not yet checked on the page.

• Mughal Wine Cup, c.1650

  Mughal Wine Cup, c.1650; V&A, accession 02561 (IS).

• Mughal Dagger, c.1650

  Mughal Dagger, c.1650; V&A, accession IS.56-1985.

• Bijapur Painting, c.1650

  Bijapur Painting, c.1650; V&A, accession IS.197-1951.

• Pashmina Carpet

  Carpet with Scrolling Vines and Blossoms; Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession 14.40.725.

• 'Star Ushak' Carpet

  "Star Ushak" Carpet; Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession 22.100.110.

• Black and White Bird Perched on a Shrub

  Black and White Bird Perched on a Shrub; Cleveland Museum of Art, accession 1971.84.

• Safavid Pen and Ink Box

  Pen and Ink Box; Cleveland Museum of Art, accession 1940.689.

• Persian Astrolabe, 1667

  Persian Astrolabe, 1667; V&A, accession M.38-1916.

• Kalian (Water Pipe)

  Kalian (Water Pipe); V&A, accession 458-1874.

• The House of Bijapur

  The House of Bijapur; Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession 1982.213.

• Sword of Aurangzeb

  Sword of Aurangzeb; V&A, accession IS.218&A-1964.

• Cup (1650-1725)

  Cup, Iran, 1650-1725; V&A accession 477-1878.

• Cup (1650-1725)

  Cup, Iran, 1650-1725; V&A accession 569-1889.

• Dish (1650-1725)

  Dish, Iran, 1650-1725; V&A accession 572-1889.

• Dish (1650-1725)

  Dish, Iran, 1650-1725; V&A accession 2578-1876.

• Footed bowl (1650-1725)

  Footed bowl, Iran, 1650-1725; V&A accession 1399-1876.

• Jar (1650-1725)

  Jar, Iran, 1650-1725; V&A accession 1091-1883.

• Sprinkler (1650-1725)

  Sprinkler, Iran, 1650-1725; V&A accession 2599-1876.

• Sprinkler (1650-1725)

  Sprinkler, Iran, 1650-1725; V&A accession 2600-1876.

• Portrait of Aurangzeb Alamgir

  Portrait of Aurangzeb Alamgir; V&A, accession IM.234-1921.

• Inscription Plaque, 1693

  Inscription Plaque, Possibly from a Door; Cleveland Museum of Art, accession 1994.1.

• Ewer (18th century)

  Ewer, Mughal empire, 18th century; V&A accession 02594&A/(IS).

• Goa Stone and Gold Case

  Goa Stone and Gold Case; Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession 2004.244a–d.

• Finial in the Form of a Parrot

  Finial in the Form of a Parrot; Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession 19.135.3.

• Cairo Mihrab, 1700–1800

  Cairo Mihrab, 1700–1800; V&A, accession 143-1881.

• Mughal Mirror, c.1700

  Mughal Mirror, c.1700; V&A, accession 02587(IS).

• Mughal Tent Hanging

  Mughal Tent Hanging; V&A, accession IM.48-1928.

• Turban Ornament (Jigha)

  Turban Ornament (Jigha); V&A, accession 02569(IS).

• Footed Bowl and Plate

  Footed Bowl and Plate; Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession 2000.490a, b.

• Persian Astrolabe, 1715

  Persian Astrolabe, 1715; V&A, accession 458-1888.

• Kütahya Cup and Saucer, 1725

  Kütahya Cup and Saucer, 1725; V&A, accession 607&A-1874.

• Kütahya Cup Holder, c.1725

  Kütahya Cup Holder, c.1725; V&A, accession 601-1874.

• Istanbul Tile, 1727

  Istanbul Tile, 1727; V&A, accession 1756-1892.

• Cypriot Clasp

  Cypriot Clasp; V&A, accession 1531&PART-1888.

• Kütahya Tile, c.1733

  Kütahya Tile, c.1733; V&A, accession 140C-1885.

• Ottoman Container, 1743

  Ottoman Container, 1743; V&A, accession 275-1881.

• Ottoman Matchlock Musket

  Matchlock Musket; Cleveland Museum of Art, accession 1916.828.

• Chand Bibi

  Chand Bibi; V&A, accession IS.157-1952.

• Ottoman Kerchief

  Ottoman Kerchief; V&A, accession T.122-1929.

• The 'Nigde' Carpet

  The 'Nigde' Carpet; Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession 56.217.

• Black Stork in a Landscape

  Black Stork in a Landscape; Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession 2000.266.

• Great Indian Fruit Bat

  Great Indian Fruit Bat; Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession 2008.312.

• Istanbul Coffee Pot

  Istanbul Coffee Pot; V&A, accession 369-1897.

• Bursa Tomb Cover II

  Bursa Tomb Cover II; V&A, accession 1063-1900.

• Iranian Talisman

  Iranian Talisman; V&A, accession 662-1876.

• Cairo Talisman

  Cairo Talisman; V&A, accession 1066-1869.

• Iranian Dagger and Sheath

  Iranian Dagger and Sheath; V&A, accession M.86&A-1922.

• Qajar Pen and Ink Box

  Pen and Ink Box; Cleveland Museum of Art, accession 1942.854.

• Javelin with Concealed Poignard

  Javelin with Concealed Poignard; Cleveland Museum of Art, accession 1916.727.

• Salor Main Carpet

  Salor Main Carpet; Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession 1974.149.46.

• Tanbur

  Tanbūr; Cleveland Museum of Art, accession 1918.347.

• Oud

  Oud; Cleveland Museum of Art, accession 1918.350.

• Pen Box Depicting Shah Isma'il

  Pen Box (Qalamdan) Depicting Shah Isma'il in a Battle against the Uzbeks; Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession 2006.523a, b.

• Ottoman Sash

  Ottoman Sash; V&A, accession T.117-1971.

• Somali Necklace

  Somali Necklace; V&A, accession 157-1898.

• Metal Disk

  Metal Disk; Cleveland Museum of Art, accession 1916.1969.

• Alexandrian Earring

  Alexandrian Earring; V&A, accession 864-1873.

• Fez (Tarboosh)

  Fez (Tarboosh); V&A, accession T.111-1971.

• Qur'an Manuscript (1268 AH)

  Qur'an Manuscript; Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession 1980.603.

• Egyptian Ring

  Egyptian Ring; V&A, accession 262-1904.

• Qur'an Stand (Rahle)

  Qur'an Stand (Rahle); V&A, accession 1136-1905.

• Nigerian Amulet

  Nigerian Amulet; V&A, accession CIRC.128-1966.

• Kiswah Fragment, c.1910

  Kiswah Fragment, c.1910; V&A, accession T.113-1932.

• Kiswah Fragment, 1917–18

  Kiswah Fragment, 1917–18; V&A, accession T.439-1966.

• Thalatha Haqq (Three Truths)

  Thalatha Haqq (Three Truths); V&A, accession E.1886:1-2-1992.

• Harem #14

  Harem #14; Cleveland Museum of Art, accession 2012.14.

• Ewer with Feline Handle

  Ewer with a Feline-Shaped Handle; Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession 47.100.90.

• The Mshatta Facade

  The carved facade of the Umayyad desert palace in Jordan (744), gifted to Germany — the most famous early Islamic stone facade, in Berlin.

• Samarkand Kufic Quran

  The great Kufic mushaf attributed to Uthman (8th–9th c.) kept in Tashkent — among the oldest Qur'ans extant, holding about half the text.

• Panel with Bone Mosaic

  Panel; Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession 37.103.

• Goblet with Incised Designs

  Goblet with Incised Designs; Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession 65.173.1.

• Bowl Emulating Chinese Stoneware

  Bowl Emulating Chinese Stoneware; Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession 63.159.4.

• Lantern for a Lamp

  Lantern for a Lamp; Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession 39.40.87.

• Animal-Spouted Pitcher

  Animal-Spouted Pitcher; Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession 38.40.247.

• Bowl with Inscription 'Sovereignty is God's'

  Bowl with Inscription, "Sovereignty is God's"; Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession 38.40.118.

• Tiraz Textile Fragment

  Tiraz Textile Fragment; Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession 29.179.9.

• Folio from a Qur'an on Parchment

  Folio from a Qur'an Manuscript; Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession 30.45.

• Bowl with Arabic Inscription

  Bowl with Arabic Inscription; Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession 65.106.2.

• Splashed-Decoration Bowl

  Bowl with Green, Yellow, and Brown Splashed Decoration; Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession 38.40.137.

• Panel from a Rectangular Box

  Panel from a Rectangular Box; Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession 13.141.

• Pyxis of al-Mughira

  The ivory casket made for the Cordoban prince al-Mughira (968) — the finest known Andalusi ivory; the Louvre.

• Column Base from Cordoba

  Column Base; Cleveland Museum of Art, accession 2021.5.

• Column Capital from Madinat al-Zahra

  Column Capital; Cleveland Museum of Art, accession 2021.4.

• Talismanic shirt

  Ottoman shirts inscribed with Qur'anic texts, verses and symbols worn for protection and blessing; examples held at Topkapı and other museums.

• Aleppo Room

  A painted wooden reception room from an Aleppo merchant's house, early 17th century; the oldest preserved Syrian room, in the Museum of Islamic Art, Berlin.

• Anis al-Hujjaj

  A 17th-century illustrated pilgrimage scroll describing the hajj journey and its stations; among the rarest early depictions of the pilgrimage.

• Hadith Bayad wa Riyad

  The unique illustrated 13th-century Andalusi manuscript of the love story of Bayad and Riyad; the only surviving illustrated Arabic text from al-Andalus.

• Baysunghur Shahnameh

  A lavish Shahnameh copied at Herat in 1430 for the Timurid prince Baysunghur; among the greatest illustrated Persian manuscripts.

• Book of Felicity

  An illuminated Ottoman manuscript made in 1582 for Murad III; cosmological and wondrous images of Ottoman divination.

• Cartier Hafiz

  A 16th-century illustrated Persian copy of the Divan of Hafiz; a luxury manuscript of Persian poetry.

• Damascus Room (Metropolitan Museum)

  A complete Damascus reception room dated 1707, transferred to the Metropolitan Museum; painted wood, fountain and carved ornament.

• Davari Shahnameh

  An illustrated Shahnameh produced in 1856; witness to the manuscript's living tradition into the Qajar era.

• Florence Shahnameh

  The oldest known surviving Shahnameh manuscript, dated 1217; held at the National Central Library in Florence.

• Hünername

  A 16th-century Ottoman manuscript whose miniatures record the deeds of the Ottoman sultans; a masterpiece of Ottoman painting.

• Hunting Carpet (Museo Poldi Pezzoli)

  A 16th-century Persian carpet with hunting scenes and animals; among the most famous pictorial carpets in museums.

• Corning Ewer

  An Islamic cameo-cut glass ewer in the Corning Museum of Glass; a masterpiece of Islamic glass cutting.

• Jahangir Preferring a Sufi Shaikh to Kings

  A Mughal miniature by Bichitr, c. 1615–1618: Jahangir on the hourglass throne hands a book to a Sufi shaykh while kings wait; the most famous Mughal court painting.

• Suaire de Saint-Josse

  A Khurasani silk used to wrap a saint's relics in 10th-century France; a document of Islamic silk trade with Europe.

• Khamsa of Nizami (Tabriz, 1481)

  An illustrated Khamsa of Nizami produced at Tabriz in 1481; among the earliest dated illustrated copies of the Khamsa.

• The Kiswa

  The Kaaba's gold-embroidered black covering, renewed yearly — a tradition from pre-Islamic Arabia to the modern Mecca workshop.

• Painting of the Six Kings

  A fresco in the Umayyad palace of Qusayr Amra in Jordan showing six kings, including Kisra, Caesar and the Negus; among the oldest surviving Islamic wall paintings.

• Miraj Nameh (Paris)

  A 15th-century Mi'raj-nameh with Uyghur-script Turkic text and Timurid miniatures of the ascension journey; Paris's most famous Islamic manuscript.

• Mosul ewer, 1246–47

  A brass Mosul ewer dated 1246–47 with inlaid ornament and thuluth inscription; among the last survivors of Mosul metalwork.

• Aryamehr Quran

  A luxury mushaf commissioned in 1965 under the Shah of Iran; among the largest modern manuscript codices.

• BnF Arabe 328(c)

  Early Qur'anic folios held at the Bibliothèque nationale de France in Paris, among the oldest surviving Hijazi fragments.

• Isfahan Quran

  A tenth-century mushaf in early Persian script; a witness to mushaf tradition in Iran.

• Codex Mashhad

  An early codex in the Astan Quds Razavi Museum in Mashhad attributed to the 1st century AH; a key witness of early Qur'anic script.

• Palermo Quran

  A tenth-century mushaf in early Maghribi script whose folios dispersed among museums; a witness of Islamic Sicily to the Qur'anic text.

• Codex Parisino-petropolitanus

  The largest surviving early Hijazi codex; its folios split between Paris, Saint Petersburg and other libraries, covering about two-thirds of the text.

• Timurid Quran

  A huge Timurid-era mushaf attributed to the workshops of Baysunghur and Umar Aqta; among the greatest Persian calligraphic treasures.

• Topkapı manuscript

  An early Qur'an codex kept in Topkapı Palace and attributed to Uthman ibn Affan; a key witness to the earliest Qur'anic text.

• Kitab Na't al-Hayawan

  An illustrated Arabic manuscript on the characteristics and properties of animals; a rare work of illustrated Islamic natural history.

• Physician Preparing an Elixir

  A miniature from an Arabic Dioscorides De materia medica; a physician preparing an elixir in a garden.

• Razmnama (British Library)

  An illustrated copy of the Razmnama, Akbar's Persian translation of the Mahabharata; held at the British Library.

• Swan-neck Bottle (Metropolitan Museum)

  An Iranian glass bottle of swan-neck (ashkdan) type, once used to collect tears; 18th–19th century.

Person

• Ibn Hajib al-Nu'man

  c. 952 CE · 340 AH

• Mehmet Emin Tokadi

  Draft card for Mehmed Emin Tokadi, the eighteenth-century Ottoman calligrapher of Istanbul, d. 1745; the biographical entry is not yet checked on the page.

• Suyolcuzade Mustafa Eyyubi

  Draft card for Suyolcuzade Mustafa Eyyubi, the seventeenth-century Ottoman calligrapher of Istanbul, d. 1686; the biographical entry is not yet checked on the page.

• Yesari Mehmed Esad

  Draft card for Muhammad Esad al-Yesari, the eighteenth-century Ottoman calligrapher of Istanbul, d. 1798; the biographical entry is not yet checked on the page.

• Yusuf Sarvestani

  Draft card for Yusuf Sarvestani, the thirteenth-century writer, astronomer and calligrapher, d. 1281; the biographical entry is not yet checked on the page.

Work

• My Name Is Red

  Pamuk's historical novel of Ottoman miniaturists and a murder in the sultan's workshop — figural art at the centre of the mystery.

Concept

• Arabesque

  The interlaced vegetal ornament that became the signature of Islamic art, flowing across stucco, stone, wood and manuscripts.

• Girih

  Islamic geometric strapwork building stars and polygons from interlacing bands; widespread in Seljuk and Safavid architecture, based on girih tiles.

• Hedwig glass

  Beakers cut in a rock-crystal style, probably Islamic-made, that turned up in medieval Central European treasuries.

• Horse colours and markings in Timurid painting

  Timurid manuscript painters drew horses in distinct colours (white, red, yellow, black) and markings (blazes, leg whites, spots). Fayed reads these differences as evidence of real horse types in Samarkand, Herat and Shiraz, and uses them to place paintings in their centres.

• Islamic calligraphy

  The art of beautiful Arabic script; the noblest Islamic art for its link to writing the Qur'an, with styles from Kufic to Naskh, Thuluth and Diwani.

• Islamic geometric patterns

  Repeating geometric patterns of stars, polygons and lattices covering Islamic architecture and art from Andalusia to Central Asia.

• Islamic lustreware

  Metallic-sheened pottery developed in Iraq and Fatimid Egypt, then travelling to Persia and Islamic Spain; among the most prized Islamic ceramics.

• Arabic calligraphy and its teaching

  Practice sheets that begin with the letters in abjad order (abjad hawwaz ḥuṭṭī kalamān saʿfaṣ qarashat) and then verses urging the learner to study the hand under a master and to persist.

• Kubachi ware

  Blue-and-white pottery attributed to the Dagestani town of Kubachi and its region from the 16th century, rich in vegetal and animal ornament.

• Mahmal

  An ornate empty litter borne on a camel in the Hajj caravan symbolising sovereign care for the Hijaz; the Egyptian mahmal lasted until the mid-20th century.

• Mamluk carpets

  Fifteenth–sixteenth-century Egyptian Mamluk carpets with central geometric medallions; among the rarest Islamic carpet types.

• Naqsh (engraving and decoration)

  Naqsh, in the lexicon, is a trace or mark, or colouring a thing with two or more colours; it is wider than tazwiq and zakhrafa, and every seal is an engraving. A ruler is recommended to have an engraved ring; most jurists allow engraving the owner's name, the Hanbalis dislike engraving the divine name, and the Hanafis forbid pictures. Most jurists dislike engraving the mosque; the Hanafis, some Malikis and Shafi'is allow it with light ornament. The Shafi'is and Hanbalis forbid decorating houses with gold and silver as wasteful; the Hanafis and Malikis allow it with conditions. The Shafi'is forbid henna designs on the hand of a woman in ihram, and most jurists dislike writing on graves.

• Oriental carpets in Renaissance painting

  The appearance of Islamic carpets in European painting from the 14th century on; documents East–West trade, with patterns named after the painters.

• Shamsa

  A sun-shaped rosette ornament opening luxury Islamic manuscripts, often bearing the owner's or scribe's name.

• Tiraz

  Inscribed embroidered textiles made in caliphal workshops for the caliph and the elite; some bear rulers' names and dates.

• Transylvanian rugs

  Anatolian Ushak rugs that reached Transylvanian Protestant churches, a document of trade between the two worlds.

Screening Room

• Papicha

  2019 CE · 1440 AH†Papicha.

• The Thief of Bagdad

  1940 CE · 1359 AH†The Thief of Bagdad.

• From Ground Zero

  2024 CE · 1445 AH†From Ground Zero.

• Islamic Art: Mirror of the Invisible World

  2011 CE · 1432 AH†Islamic Art: Mirror of the Invisible World.

• Mughal-e-Azam

  1960 CE · 1379 AH†Mughal-e-Azam.

• The Ornament of the World

  2019 CE · 1440 AH†Michael Schwarz's PBS documentary based on Maria Rosa Menocal's book on eight centuries of convivencia in medieval al-Andalus.

What is missing? Tell us · A theme is open when it has a reviewed guide, 10 questions, 25 entries across 5 classes, and voices from several traditions and regions.

Controversial topics

• Sexuality and gender diversity
• Converts and those who leave
• Images and figural art
• Takfir and its critics
• Dissent, heresy and freethought
• Conquest and its debates
• Violent extremism and the Muslim response
• Islam and atheism or secular thought