Hawazin

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Hawazin, a large Adnani tribal confederation west of the Hijaz; it fought the Muslims at Hunayn in 630 CE, then its proudest sons entered the Companions' register.

Hawazin, a large Adnani tribal confederation west of the Hijaz — Quraysh's old foe at Ajjaz. With Thaqif it led the war of Hunayn in 630 CE after the conquest's bay'a, under Malik ibn Awf's banner; the confederation broke after the volley of arrows in the valley. In the Sunni tradition the Prophet ﷺ is said to have chosen Hawazin's lands on the day of division over Quraysh's 'because they are closer to the nursing' — Halima al-Sa'diyya, his wet-nurse, was of them. Malik and her leaders then entered Islam, becoming riders of the Ridda and the openings under Abu Bakr. Hawazin is of Qays Aylan ibn Mudar with Banu Sulaym and Ghatafan, and lived east of Mecca around Awtas on the Mecca–Basra road.

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Hawazin, a large Adnani tribal confederation west of the Hijaz — Quraysh's old foe at Ajjaz — which fought the Muslims at Hunayn then entered the Companions' register with its proudest sons. With Thaqif it led the war of Hunayn in 630 CE after the conquest's bay'a, under Malik ibn Awf's banner; the confederation broke after the volley of arrows in the valley. In the Sunni tradition the Prophet ﷺ is said to have chosen Hawazin's lands on the day of division over Quraysh's 'because they are closer to the nursing' — Halima al-Sa'diyya, his wet-nurse, was of them. Malik and her leaders then entered Islam, becoming riders of the Ridda and the openings under Abu Bakr. Hunayn — the battle most named in Surat al-Tawba — became in the Islamic lesson the parable of pride in numbers before victory, and to historians the last serious military attempt by the Bedouin tribes against the new state. Hawazin is of Qays Aylan ibn Mudar with Banu Sulaym and Ghatafan, and lived east of Mecca around Awtas, on the road between Mecca and Basra.

Overview

Hawazin is a great Adnanite tribal confederacy of the western Hijaz, the old rival of Quraysh at Afaj. It fought the Muslims at Hunayn, and later its most honoured sons entered the register of the Companions.

History

Hawazin, together with Thaqif, led the fighting at Hunayn in 630 CE after the conquest-era pledge, under the banner of Malik ibn Awf. The confederacy broke after the arrows were shot in the valley ¹. In the Sunni tradition it is related that on the day of the distribution the Prophet chose Hawazin's captives over Quraysh's captives, "because they are closer in suckling". Halima al-Sa'diyya, his wet-nurse, was of them ².

Malik and the leaders of Hawazin embraced Islam afterwards. In Abu Bakr's time they became among the knights of the Ridda and the conquests ³.

Legacy

Hunayn, the battle most mentioned in Surat al-Tawba, became in Islamic moral teaching an example of pride in numbers before victory. For historians it was the last serious military attempt by the Bedouin tribes against the new state ².

In the introduction to al-Raheeq al-Makhtum

Hawazin is of Qays Aylan ibn Mudar, along with Banu Sulaym and Ghatafan ⁴ ⁵. Hawazin settled to the east of Mecca in the area of Awtas, on the road between Mecca and Basra ⁶ ⁷.

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Sources

Ibn Ishaq / Guillaume, The Life of Muhammad (1955)

Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-Tabaqat al-Kabir (Bewley translation, Ta-Ha)

Watt, Muhammad at Medina (1956)

al-Raheeq al-Makhtum — Safi al-Rahman al-Mubarakpuri , p.21

Muhadarat Tarikh al-Umam al-Islamiyya — Muhammad al-Khudari , 1/14-15

al-Raheeq al-Makhtum — Safi al-Rahman al-Mubarakpuri , p.22

Muhadarat Tarikh al-Umam al-Islamiyya — Muhammad al-Khudari , 1/15-16

At a glance

Place in the story

Overview

History

Legacy

In the introduction to al-Raheeq al-Makhtum

Connections

People and things also explored

Sources

The Battle of Hunayn