The Asawira's Conversion Compact

إسلام الأساورة وشروطهم

Khuzistan (al-Ahwaz)

Siyah al-Uswari led Yazdgard's vanguard; sent to Ahwaz he camped at al-Kalbaniyya while Abu Musa besieged al-Sus — then seeing Islam's ascendancy he offered: we enter your religion, fight your enemies among the Persians, fight none of you in your internal disputes, you defend us if Arabs attack, we settle where we wish among you and rank in the highest stipend — compact sealed with the amir. Abu Musa countered 'you have what we have and owe what we owe'; they refused, so he wrote Umar, who wrote back: grant them all they asked.

Depth

At a glance

Era
The Rashidun Caliphate
Review
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Overview

The report describes the offer of the Asawira to enter Islam on conditions, and Umar's acceptance of them. 1

The offer

Siyah al-Uswari commanded the vanguard of Yazdegerd. He was then sent to Ahwaz, and Abu Musa al-Ash'ari was besieging Sus while al-Kulbaniyya were at their post. When he saw the rising of Islam, he sent to Abu Musa that they wished to enter his religion on conditions: that they would fight their enemies among the Persians alongside him; that they would not fight one another during disputes; that the Muslim Arabs would protect them; and that they might settle wherever they chose and be counted among the holders of stipends. The events took place near Khuzistan.

The reply

Abu Musa said: "You have what we have, and you owe what we owe." They refused, so he wrote to Umar, and Umar wrote to him to give them everything they had asked. 1

Connections

Explore the connections

Had participant
Siyah al-Uswari· Abu Musa al-Ashari· the Asawira
Occurred at
Khuzistan (al-Ahwaz)

People and things also explored

The Asawira's Settlement at Basra· Abu al-Mukhtar's Satire on the Ahwaz Officials· The Conquest of al-Dinawar, Masabadhan and Mihrajanqadhaf· Conquest of Isfahan (21 AH)· The Conquest of Qumm and Qashan· The Conquest of Ra's al-Ayn· Conquest of Sabur· Conquest of al-Sus (17 AH)

Sources

  1. Futuh al-Buldan — al-Baladhuri (Mu'assasat al-Ma'arif edition)
Cite this page

islam.museum contributors. “The Asawira's Conversion Compact”. islam.museum, https://islam.museum/en/event/asawira-defection/. CC BY-SA 4.0. Last updated 2026-10-16.

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The Asawira's Settlement at Basra

At Tustar's siege the asawira showed no treachery; Abu Musa told Siyah 'you are not what we supposed' — Siyah answered 'our insight is not yours, and we hold no sacrality over you to fear for and fight: we entered this religion at its dawn seeking refuge, and it may be God's generous provision'. Granted top-tier stipends, they asked at Basra which clan was nearest the Prophet's kin — 'Banu Tamim' — so they allied them (the Azd having turned them away), took their plots, and dug the canal still called Nahr al-Asawira. Shirawayh had wished Bakr ibn Wa'il; Siyah refused, they settled with Tamim; the Sayabija and Zutt joined and Tamim contested for them — the asawira ending in Banu Sa'd, the Zutt and Sayabija in Banu Hanzala — fighting the polytheists and riding with Ibn Amir to Khurasan.