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Inqiraz (the passing of an age or line, and its bearing on consensus and endowments)

الانقراض

Inqiraz is lexically cutting off and passing away, and the jurists use it in that sense. 1 The usulis differ on whether the passing of the age of those who agreed is a condition of the authority of a consensus: the majority do not require it; some do; and others distinguish a consensus by word or deed from one by silence. 1 In endowments the Hanafis, Shafi'is and Hanbalis do not validate a gift to a line that may die out, such as a gift to children, since they require perpetuity; the Malikis validate it. 1

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The Prophetic Era
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Global / Diaspora
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Scripture and its sciences

Definition

Inqiraz is lexically cutting off and passing away, and the jurists use it in that sense. 1

Passing of the age of consensus

The usulis differ on whether the passing of the age of those who agreed is a condition of the authority of a consensus:

  • The majority do not require it. 1
  • Some do require it. 1
  • Others distinguish: a consensus by word, by deed or by both does not need it, while a consensus by silence about an objector does, a view reported from Abu Ali al-Jubba'i. 1

Endowments to a line that may die out

  • The Hanafis, Shafi'is and Hanbalis do not validate an endowment to a line that may die out, such as an endowment to children, since they require perpetuity. 1
  • The Malikis validate it; who receives the endowment when the line ends is treated under the endowment entry. 1

People and things also explored

The seven ahruf· Hadith· Shama'il Muhammadiyya· The Prophetic sira· The Prophetic Sunna· Command, prohibition and capacity· The Sunna as explanation of the Qur'an· Bid'a (religious innovation)

Sources

  1. al-Mawsu'a al-Fiqhiyya al-Kuwaitiyya, Noor-Book copy (file named v3) , p.3540
Cite this page

islam.museum contributors. “Inqiraz (the passing of an age or line, and its bearing on consensus and endowments)”. islam.museum, https://islam.museum/en/concept/inqiraz/. CC BY-SA 4.0. Last updated 2026-10-23.

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Ideas

Beliefs, concepts, sciences and schools, explained in plain words. Related

The seven ahruf

The Prophet's saying 'the Qur'an was revealed in seven ahruf, so read of it what is easy' — narrated through Umar's dispute with Hisham ibn Hakim over Surat al-Furqan; its exact meaning is one of the widest debates in Qur'anic sciences.