Islamic inheritance system

نظام الإرث في الإسلام

Al-Bahi reads the Islamic inheritance system as breaking up inherited wealth rather than keeping it whole: fixed shares stated in fractions prevent accumulation and push heirs to work (pp. 135-136). He contrasts it with a European system that kept a title and estate in one heir's hand (p. 137). On bequests he reads the hadith 'no bequest to an heir' as a rule against shifting wealth back toward heirs, and holds that the bequest stops at one third, citing the report of Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas (pp. 140, 142). These are the author's readings.

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Era
The Prophetic Era
Region
Global / Diaspora
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Law and courts

Overview

Muhammad al-Bahi sees the Islamic law of inheritance as built to disperse inherited wealth, not preserve it: the fixed fractional shares — half, third, quarter, sixth — prevent hoarding and set the heirs to work rather than living off the estate 1 2. He contrasts the European system that kept title and fortune with a single son — nearer, he says, to immortalizing the person 3. On bequests: "no bequest to an heir" keeps wealth from escaping dispersal; a will stops at a third; and leaving heirs rich is better than leaving them a burden.

Connections

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Has part
Awl (proportional reduction of shares in inheritance)
Part of
Wealth in Islam

People and things also explored

Economy and balance in the Qur'an· Awl (proportional reduction of shares in inheritance)· Taxation in Islam· Zakat (alms tax)· Wealth in Islam· Ahliyya (legal capacity: to have rights and duties, and to act; its stages from the womb to full maturity, and what impairs it)· Democracy and the Sharia — compatibility and conflict· Fatwa on the satellite channels — its benefit and harm

Sources

  1. Islam, God's Fitra — Muhammad al-Bahi , p. 135
  2. Islam, God's Fitra — Muhammad al-Bahi , p. 136
  3. Islam, God's Fitra — Muhammad al-Bahi , p. 137
  • The Qur'anic Method in Economics — Ziyadan Abd al-Fattah Qa'dat
  • Principles of Islamic Economics — Rafiq Yunus al-Misri
Cite this page

islam.museum contributors. “Islamic inheritance system”. islam.museum, https://islam.museum/en/concept/inheritance-system/. CC BY-SA 4.0. Last updated 2026-10-25.

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Economy and balance in the Qur'an