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The three years of the secret call — c. 610 CE
The first stage of the call to Islam — individual and secret for three years — in which the first band believed: Khadija, Ali, Zayd and Abu Bakr on the first day, then those whom Abu Bakr called, then a company Ibn Hisham numbers at over forty from every clan of Quraysh; during it prayer was first prescribed.
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The pause of revelation (Fatra) — c. 610 CE
The pause in revelation after the first descent at Hira — days rather than years in the reading of Ibn Sa'd via Ibn Abbas that the book prefers — ending when Jibril appeared seated on a throne between heaven and earth and surat al-Muddaththir came down with the command to rise and warn.
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The first migration to Abyssinia — c. 615 CE
In Rajab of the fifth year of prophethood, twelve men and four women — led by Uthman ibn Affan with the Prophet's daughter Ruqayya — slipped away by night to the port of Shu'ayba and sailed in two merchant ships to the kingdom of the Negus, 'a just king under whom no one is wronged'; most returned in Shawwal on the false report that Quraysh had converted.
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The boycott of the Banu Hashim — c. 616 CE
A comprehensive political and economic boycott imposed by Quraysh against Banu Hashim and Banu al-Muttalib, confining them to Shib Abi Talib for three years until its repeal.
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Umar accepts Islam — c. December 616 CE
In Dhu al-Hijja of year six — three days after Hamza — Umar, who had set out with his sword to kill the Prophet, was redirected by Nu'aym ibn Abdullah to his own sister's house; he heard the opening of sura Ta-Ha from Sa'id and Fatima, then went to the house of al-Arqam and declared the shahada, and the Muslims marched out in two rows and prayed openly at the Kaaba.
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The Prophet's journey to al-Ta'if — c. May 619 CE
The Prophet Muhammad's journey on foot with Zayd ibn Haritha to al-Ta'if in Shawwal of the tenth year of prophethood, seeking support from Thaqif, their rejection, the incident of Addas in the orchard, and the encounter with the Jinn at Nakhla on return.
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The Isra and Mi'raj — c. 621 CE
The miraculous nocturnal journey of Prophet Muhammad from al-Masjid al-Haram to al-Masjid al-Aqsa in Jerusalem, and his ascent through the seven heavens, where the five daily prayers were ordained. ونص رحلة المعراج كاملاً عند البخاري في حديث مالك بن صعصعة .
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The Pledges of Aqaba — c. July 621 CE
The First and Second Pledges of Aqaba at Mina in the 12th and 13th years of prophethood (621 and 622 CE), in which delegates from Yathrib pledged allegiance to the Prophet, preparing Medina as the haven of the Hijra.
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The Hijra — c. 12 September 622 CE · c. 29 Safar 1 AH†
The migration of the Prophet Muhammad and his followers from Mecca to Medina in 622 CE, the event from which the Islamic calendar is counted.
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The Expedition of Banu al-Mustaliq (al-Muraysi') — c. December 627 CE · Sha'ban 6 AH
In Sha'ban 6 AH (December 627 CE), the Prophet led an expedition against Banu al-Mustaliq at the watering-place of al-Muraysi' after intelligence revealed their mobilization; following a brief exchange, their forces scattered, their camp was taken, and the Prophet married Juwayriyya bint al-Harith, prompting the Muslims to free a hundred families of her clan.
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The Treaty of Hudaybiyya — c. March 628 CE · Dhu al-Qa'da 6 AH
In Dhu al-Qa'da 6 AH (March 628 CE), the Prophet marched towards Mecca with 1,400 companions for Umrah; halted at al-Hudaybiyya by Quraysh, negotiations through Suhayl ibn Amr produced a historic ten-year peace treaty described in the Qur'an as a 'Manifest Victory'.
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The Bakr–Khuza'a clash at al-Watir — 629 CE · 8 AH
A night raid by Banu al-Dil of Banu Bakr — secretly armed and joined by men of Quraysh — on Khuza'a at their watering place al-Watir in lower Mecca. The breach of the Hudaybiyya truce it caused is the spark the tradition gives for the conquest of Mecca.
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The Battle of Hunayn — c. 630 CE · Shawwal 8 AH
A battle in a valley near Mecca against the tribes of Hawazin and Thaqif, shortly after the conquest of Mecca.
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The Farewell Pilgrimage — March 632 CE · Dhu al-Hijja 10 AH
The only pilgrimage the Prophet led, during which he gave the sermon known as the Farewell Sermon.
