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What were the Crusades?

ما الحروب الصليبية؟

The Crusades were Latin military campaigns against Syria and Jerusalem. They began with the fall of Antioch in 1097–1098 and of Jerusalem in 1099, and ended with the expulsion of the Crusaders from the East (Hasan Ibrahim Hasan, pp. 238, 243).

Depth

At a glance

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Scripture and its sciences

Overview

The Crusades were Latin military campaigns against al-Sham and Jerusalem. The Crusaders took Antioch by force in 1098, and then Jerusalem in June 1099, where a great massacre followed 1.

The Muslim response

Saladin defeated the Crusaders at Hattin in 1187, and entered Jerusalem on 27 Rajab 583 AH after the Crusaders asked for terms 2 3.

The end

The Crusades ended with the expulsion of the Crusaders from the East, after rivalries among them and the rise of national interests had worn down their unity 4.

People and things also explored

The seven ahruf· Hadith· Shama'il Muhammadiyya· The Prophetic sira· The Prophetic Sunna· Command, prohibition and capacity· The Sunna as explanation of the Qur'an· Bid'a (religious innovation)

Sources

  1. Tarikh al-Islam — Hasan Ibrahim Hasan , p.238
  2. Tarikh al-Islam — Hasan Ibrahim Hasan , p.110
  3. Tarikh al-Islam — Hasan Ibrahim Hasan , p.111
  4. Tarikh al-Islam — Hasan Ibrahim Hasan , p.243
Cite this page

islam.museum contributors. “What were the Crusades?”. islam.museum, https://islam.museum/en/questions/what-were-the-crusades/. CC BY-SA 4.0. Last updated 2026-10-24.

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Related

The seven ahruf

The Prophet's saying 'the Qur'an was revealed in seven ahruf, so read of it what is easy' — narrated through Umar's dispute with Hisham ibn Hakim over Surat al-Furqan; its exact meaning is one of the widest debates in Qur'anic sciences.