Iblis

The enemy who whispered to Adam and Eve until they ate from the tree. Al-Thaʿlabi reports that he refused to prostrate to Adam when the angels were commanded to do so, because the command was for the angels who were with him, and that the prostration was one of honour, not worship ¹.

The book gives reports saying that Iblis was unable to enter the garden because of its guards, so he schemed through the peacock, then through the serpent, and entered into its mouth. He then whispered to Adam and Eve, mentioning the tree of eternity and a kingdom that does not decay ^{2 3}.

The book lists ten punishments sent down upon him. Among them were his removal from office, his expulsion from the neighbourhood, the distortion of his form, the change of his name from ʿAzazil to Iblis, his cursing, the removal of knowledge from him, and the closing of the door of repentance before him ⁴.

The book says that Iblis was sent down at al-Ubulla in the land of Iraq, and it explains al-Ubulla as Basra. It then gives another view on the place of his descent ⁵.