Ta'jil (doing a thing early: repentance, burial, debt, breaking the fast, the pilgrim's early departure, prayer before its time, zakat and expiations)

التعجيل

Ta'jil is doing a thing before its set time, or at the very beginning of it. It is lawful in several cases: repentance, which is due at once; the burial, which is recommended once death is certain; payment of a debt when due, which is required; breaking the fast at sunset, which is a sunna; the pilgrim's early departure on the second day of the tashriq, which is a concession; prayer before its time, unlawful except in combining; zakat before the year, disputed; and expiations after their cause, disputed. ¹ ² ³ ⁴ ⁵ ⁶ ⁷ ⁸

Overview

Ta'jil is doing an act before its set time, or at the start of it; it is lawful in some cases and not in others. ¹

Haste and speed

Speed is advancing in what ought to be advanced, and it is praised; haste is advancing in what ought not to be, and it is blamed. ¹

Lawful kinds

Repentance is due at once after a sin, by agreement. ² The burial of the dead is recommended once death is certain, and those who die suddenly or by drowning are delayed a little. ² A debt is to be paid when due, and wilful delay by the rich is wrong. ² A hired man's wage is to be given before his sweat dries, meaning at once when the work is finished. ³ Some scholars recommended marrying off a grown virgin once a suitable partner appears, on the hadith «do not delay three things». ³ Breaking the fast early is a sunna by agreement, on the hadith «people are well so long as they hasten the breaking of the fast», and only once sunset is certain. ³ ⁴

Leaving Mina early

The pilgrim may hasten on the second day of the stoning, on the verse «whoever hastens in two days, no sin is on him». The majority require leaving before sunset; the Hanafis do not, allowing departure after sunset before dawn, with dislike; the majority hold delay better. ⁴ ⁵

Doing an act before it is due

The prayers have set times, and the law allows combining them earlier for the pilgrim, the traveller, the sick, rain and fear. ⁵ ⁶ Zakat before the year is lawful for the majority, on the hadith of al-Abbas; leaving it is better. The time allowed differs: years for the Hanafis, two years for the Hanbalis, a year for the Shafiis, a month for the Malikis. ⁶ The expiation of an oath before breaking it is lawful for the Malikis, Shafiis and Hanbalis, unlawful for the Hanafis; later is better for the majority. The expiation of zihar before return is disputed; the expiation of killing after the wound is lawful. ⁷ ⁸ Paying a debt before it falls due is valid and discharges it, since the term is the debtor's right. ⁸ A judge should not rule before the truth is clear, on the saying of Abu Musa al-Ashari (may God be pleased with him). ⁸

Reference

The next headword, «ta'addud» (plurality), begins on p.5393. ⁹

Sources

al-Mawsu'a al-Fiqhiyya al-Kuwaitiyya, Noor-Book copy (file named v3) , p.5385

al-Mawsu'a al-Fiqhiyya al-Kuwaitiyya, Noor-Book copy (file named v3) , p.5386

al-Mawsu'a al-Fiqhiyya al-Kuwaitiyya, Noor-Book copy (file named v3) , p.5387

al-Mawsu'a al-Fiqhiyya al-Kuwaitiyya, Noor-Book copy (file named v3) , p.5388

al-Mawsu'a al-Fiqhiyya al-Kuwaitiyya, Noor-Book copy (file named v3) , p.5389

al-Mawsu'a al-Fiqhiyya al-Kuwaitiyya, Noor-Book copy (file named v3) , p.5390

al-Mawsu'a al-Fiqhiyya al-Kuwaitiyya, Noor-Book copy (file named v3) , p.5391

al-Mawsu'a al-Fiqhiyya al-Kuwaitiyya, Noor-Book copy (file named v3) , p.5392

al-Mawsu'a al-Fiqhiyya al-Kuwaitiyya, Noor-Book copy (file named v3) , p.5393

Adhan (the call to prayer: its ruling, wording, conditions, recommended features and the muezzin)

In law, the adhan is announcing the time of an obligatory prayer in set, transmitted words. The jurists differ on its ruling, between a communal obligation and a strongly recommended practice, and on its wording, tarjia, tathwib, the conditions of order, continuity and raised voice, and the qualities of the muezzin: Islam, manhood, sanity and discernment.