I'tikaf (retreat)

I'tikaf — linguistically, adhering and holding fast — is, in the law, remaining in the mosque in a specified manner with intention. It is sunna and becomes binding only by vow. ^{1 2}

It differs from khalwa in that it may be performed with others in the place set for it; from ribat in that it is not confined to frontier posts; and from jiwar, the broader term, since i'tikaf is itself called jiwar in A'isha's report "while he was in retreat (mujawir) in the mosque". ²

In i'tikaf the retreatant surrenders himself wholly to the worship of God seeking nearness, withdraws from worldly distraction, and immerses his hours in prayer in fact or in effect — its original purpose being to await the congregational prayer — likening himself to the angels who glorify night and day without flagging. ²