Finality of prophethood

ختم النبوة

The doctrine that Muhammad is the last of the prophets and that any claim to prophethood after him is error, as al-Tahawi states it.

Depth

At a glance

Era
Abbasid Fragmentation
Region
Global / Diaspora
Review
Draft Completeness 2/5 · Help complete it

Creed

Summary

Al-Tahawi says: Muhammad is "His chosen servant, His elect prophet, and His pleasing messenger" 1, and he is "the seal of the prophets, the imam of the pious, the master of the messengers, and the beloved of the Lord of the worlds" 1.

The ruling on claiming prophethood after him

"Every claim to prophethood after him is delusion and desire" 1. He is, for al-Tahawi, "the one sent to all the jinn and all mankind" 1.

Belief in the prophets and the books

Al-Tahawi believes in the angels, the prophets and the books sent down upon the messengers, and testifies they are upon clear truth 2, "we make no distinction between any of His messengers" 3. Of the awliya he says none of them is preferred over a prophet, and a single prophet is better than all the awliya 4 5.

In Ibn Qudama al-Maqdisi's Lum'at al-I'tiqad

Ibn Qudama says: "Muhammad is God's messenger, the seal of the prophets and the master of the messengers; a servant's faith is not valid until he believes in his message and testifies to his prophethood" 6; his umma is the best of nations and his companions the best of the prophets' companions 7.

What is not covered here

This entry presents the position of the 'Aqida al-Tahawiyya and that of Ibn Qudama al-Maqdisi's Lum'at al-I'tiqad alone — each attributed to its book. The sayings of the Ash'aris, Maturidis and the remaining Sunni and non-Sunni schools from their own books have not yet been added; the entry needs specialist review before promotion.

Opinions on the question

The question: What is Muhammad's standing among the prophets, and what of believing in his message?

First opinion · Sunni tradition (the museum's frame) · Sunni (Hanafi)Main reference

The last of the prophets, and every claim to prophethood after him is error

Held by: Abu Ja'far al-Tahawial-Aqida al-Tahawiyya (the Tahawi creed)

Basis: al-Aqida al-Tahawiyya, Dar Ibn Hazm 1995 articles 32 to 35, p. 12

More opinions (1)

Sunni tradition (the museum's frame) · Sunni (Hanbali)Main reference

The seal of the prophets and master of the messengers; no servant's belief is sound until he believes in his message

Ibn Qudama says Muhammad is the Messenger of God, seal of the prophets and master of the messengers, no servant's belief is sound until he believes in his message and testifies to his prophethood, and that his community is the best of communities and his companions the best of the prophets' companions.

Held by: Ibn Qudama al-MaqdisiLum'at al-I'tiqad

Basis: Lum'at al-I'tiqad, Ibn Qudama al-Maqdisi (al-Maktab al-Islami) pp. 35 and 36

Connections

Explore the connections

Mentioned in
Muslim 2344 — I saw a seal on his back like a dove's egg· Muslim 2345 — The seal of prophethood between his shoulders· Muslim 2346 — The seal of prophethood near the top of the left shoulder

People and things also explored

Muhammad· al-Sa'ib ibn Yazid· Jabir ibn Samura· Muslim 2344 — I saw a seal on his back like a dove's egg· Muslim 2345 — The seal of prophethood between his shoulders· Muslim 2346 — The seal of prophethood near the top of the left shoulder· The people of the qibla and not declaring takfir for sin· The hereafter: the grave, resurrection and reckoning

Sources

  1. al-Aqida al-Tahawiyya, Dar Ibn Hazm 1995 , p. 12
  2. al-Aqida al-Tahawiyya, Dar Ibn Hazm 1995 , p. 20
  3. al-Aqida al-Tahawiyya, Dar Ibn Hazm 1995 , p. 22
  4. al-Aqida al-Tahawiyya, Dar Ibn Hazm 1995 , p. 30
  5. al-Aqida al-Tahawiyya, Dar Ibn Hazm 1995 , p. 31
  6. Lum'at al-I'tiqad, Ibn Qudama al-Maqdisi (al-Maktab al-Islami) , p. 35
  7. Lum'at al-I'tiqad, Ibn Qudama al-Maqdisi (al-Maktab al-Islami) , p. 36
Cite this page

islam.museum contributors. “Finality of prophethood”. islam.museum, https://islam.museum/en/concept/khatm-al-nubuwwa/. CC BY-SA 4.0. Last updated 2026-10-25.

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Ideas

Beliefs, concepts, sciences and schools, explained in plain words.
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Muhammad

The Prophet of Islam (c. 570–632 CE), through whom Muslims believe the Qur'an was revealed, and the founder of the first Muslim community in Medina.