Indiras (the effacing of a thing's marks: mosques, endowments, graves and dead land)

Indiras is the effacing of a thing so that its marks vanish and its trace is lost; the jurists use it of a thing whose outline has gone while some trace remains. ¹ It differs from izala (removal, where the thing remains) and from zawal (ceasing), which is shared with it in the sense of ending. ¹

• A mosque: if it is no longer needed, because the quarter is empty of worshippers or it is wholly ruined, Abu Hanifa and Abu Yusuf hold it remains a mosque; Muhammad ibn al-Hasan holds it returns to the founder or his heirs; the Hanbalis allow selling part of it to repair the rest, and if that is not possible, selling all of it and putting the price into another mosque. ¹²
• An endowment that yields nothing or does not cover its upkeep: most Hanafis allow exchange with the judge's leave for a public interest; the Malikis allow exchanging movable endowments, and the Shafi'is are strict. ²³
• Graves: when a Muslim has decayed to earth, most scholars allow opening the grave and burying another in it, but not if any bone remains, and Ibn Abidin prefers that decay be the test. ³
• Reviving effaced dead land: if a man revived dead land, then left it until it was effaced, and another revived it, the Shafi'is and Hanbalis and the sounder Hanafi view keep it with the first owner; some Malikis give it to the second. ³⁴