The hyena

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Expiation (kaffara)

Kaffara means covering, from the root of concealing. In law it is an expiation owed for certain sins and violations; it has both a penal and a devotional character. One cause is breaking an oath: it is owed on breaking the oath, not on swearing it; the schools differ on the oath of deception and on the vain oath, on whether several oaths on one matter need several expiations, and on expiating before breaking the oath. Another cause is killing: all agree on the expiation for killing by mistake and near-intentional killing; the schools differ on intentional killing, on killing by causation and on a foetus. The article then covers breaking the fast of Ramadan and the rules on intercourse in it, the prohibitions of the hajj and ihram, the expiation for zihar, and the conditions and kinds of expiation.

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Expiation (kaffara)