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Dharq (bird droppings and their purity in fiqh)

الذرق (في الفقه)

Dharq is a bird's droppings. The majority hold it pure for birds whose flesh is eaten, while the Shafi'is hold it impure; the droppings of birds whose flesh is not eaten are impure by the majority and, in the sounder Hanafi view, too. 1 2 3 Most jurists excuse a small amount of impurity from it because it is hard to avoid; the Hanafis excuse less than a quarter of a garment for the lighter kind. 3 4

Depth

At a glance

Era
The Prophetic Era
Region
Global / Diaspora
Review
Draft Completeness 2/5 · Help complete it

Worship and the pillars

Summary

Dharq is a bird's droppings. 1 For birds whose flesh is eaten, such as pigeons and sparrows, the majority hold the droppings pure; the Shafi'is hold them impure. 2 For birds whose flesh is not eaten, such as the falcon and the crow, the droppings are impure by the majority, and this is the sounder Hanafi view. 3

Excused amounts

Most jurists excuse a small amount of it because it is hard to avoid, and what counts as small is fixed by custom. 3 The Hanafis excuse less than a quarter of a garment for the lighter kind; Muhammad among them treats it as a heavy impurity. 4

People and things also explored

The ruling on one who abandons prayer· Ada' (performance of an obligation within its time)· Adhan (the call to prayer: its ruling, wording, conditions, recommended features and the muezzin)· Bone (adhm): purity, use and retaliation· The adornment of desires and the goods of this world· The people of the bench (ahl al-suffa)· The earth made a place of prayer and purity· Spending in the way of God (infaq)

Sources

  1. al-Mawsu'a al-Fiqhiyya al-Kuwaitiyya, Noor-Book copy (file named v3) , p.8418
  2. al-Mawsu'a al-Fiqhiyya al-Kuwaitiyya, Noor-Book copy (file named v3) , p.8419
  3. al-Mawsu'a al-Fiqhiyya al-Kuwaitiyya, Noor-Book copy (file named v3) , p.8420
  4. al-Mawsu'a al-Fiqhiyya al-Kuwaitiyya, Noor-Book copy (file named v3) , p.8421
Cite this page

islam.museum contributors. “Dharq (bird droppings and their purity in fiqh)”. islam.museum, https://islam.museum/en/concept/dharq-fiqh/. CC BY-SA 4.0. Last updated 2026-10-23.

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The ruling on one who abandons prayer

Al-Sallabi quotes Ali: whoever does not pray is an unbeliever. He then reports from al-Nawawi the dispute over one who neglects prayer while believing it obligatory: the majority (Malik, al-Shafi'i) hold him a sinner to be asked to repent, others hold him an unbeliever, a view ascribed to Ali; Abu Hanifa and the Kufans hold him not an unbeliever but to be disciplined.