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Chin (dhaqn) in the rulings of ablution and of diya

الذقن (في الفقه)

The dhaqn in the lexicon is the joint of the two lower jaw-bones on which the lower teeth grow, and it is used for the whole face. 1 The chin is part of the face and must be washed in ablution: where the beard is thin the skin beneath must be washed, and where it is thick the outer hair must be washed but not the skin beneath. 2 3 For the two jaw-bones the Shafi'is and Hanbalis set a full diya if both are removed and half for one. 3

Depth

At a glance

Era
The Prophetic Era
Region
Global / Diaspora
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Worship and the pillars

Summary

In lexicon dhaqn is the joint of the two lower jaw-bones on which the lower teeth grow; it is used for the whole face. 1 The chin is part of the face and must be washed in ablution. 2

Washing a beard

If the beard is thin, the skin beneath it must be washed; if it is thick, the outer hair must be washed but not the skin beneath, because the water does not reach it. 2 3

The two jaw-bones

The Shafi'is and Hanbalis set a full diya if both jaw-bones are removed, and half for one; the teeth on them carry their own diya. 3

People and things also explored

The ruling on one who abandons prayer· Ada' (performance of an obligation within its time)· Adhan (the call to prayer: its ruling, wording, conditions, recommended features and the muezzin)· Bone (adhm): purity, use and retaliation· The adornment of desires and the goods of this world· The people of the bench (ahl al-suffa)· The earth made a place of prayer and purity· Spending in the way of God (infaq)

Sources

  1. al-Mawsu'a al-Fiqhiyya al-Kuwaitiyya, Noor-Book copy (file named v3) , p.8422
  2. al-Mawsu'a al-Fiqhiyya al-Kuwaitiyya, Noor-Book copy (file named v3) , p.8423
  3. al-Mawsu'a al-Fiqhiyya al-Kuwaitiyya, Noor-Book copy (file named v3) , p.8424
Cite this page

islam.museum contributors. “Chin (dhaqn) in the rulings of ablution and of diya”. islam.museum, https://islam.museum/en/concept/dhaqn-fiqh/. CC BY-SA 4.0. Last updated 2026-10-23.

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The ruling on one who abandons prayer

Al-Sallabi quotes Ali: whoever does not pray is an unbeliever. He then reports from al-Nawawi the dispute over one who neglects prayer while believing it obligatory: the majority (Malik, al-Shafi'i) hold him a sinner to be asked to repent, others hold him an unbeliever, a view ascribed to Ali; Abu Hanifa and the Kufans hold him not an unbeliever but to be disciplined.