al-Khwarizmi's astronomical tables (Zij al-Sindhind)

By al-Khwarizmi

زيج الخوارزمي (السند هند)

Al-Khwarizmi's first and second astronomical tables (zij), known as the Sindhind, on which, in a passage of Ibn al-Nadim quoted by the Cairo editors of his algebra, people relied both before and after the observations.

Depth

At a glance

Era
The Early Abbasid Caliphate
Region
Levant & Iraq

Astronomy and timekeeping

Summary

The zij of al-Khwarizmi is a set of astronomical tables mentioned by Ibn al-Nadim in the Fihrist, in a passage the editors of the Cairo edition of the Book of al-Jabr and al-Muqabala quote from the Cairo printing of the Fihrist. 1

What Ibn al-Nadim says

Ibn al-Nadim says that al-Khwarizmi was one of the experts in astronomy, that before and after the observations people relied on his first and second tables, known as the Sindhind, and that he wrote "the Book of the Zij" in two versions, a first and a second, besides a book on the sundial, two books on using and making the astrolabe, and a book of history. 1

Among later scholars

The editors note that al-Biruni refers to al-Khwarizmi's tables and astronomical works and wrote at least three works, all commentaries on al-Khwarizmi's books. 2 3 They report Suter's opinion that Muhammad ibn Musa was one of those whom al-Ma'mun charged with measuring a degree of the earth's circumference. 3

Note

The text of the tables was not read here; everything on this page comes from the introduction to the Cairo edition of the Algebra.

People and things also explored

Pari Mahal, Srinagar· Sharaf al-Dawla's observatory at Baghdad· Qibla-finding by stars, winds, mountains and rivers· Sizes of the heavenly bodies· Distances of the heavenly bodies from the Earth· The seven climates· The second motion (the planets' own motion along the zodiac)· The first motion (diurnal rotation of the heavens)

Sources

  1. al-Khwarizmi, Kitab al-Jabr wal-Muqabala, ed. Mosharafa and Ahmad (Cairo, 1939) , p.22
  2. al-Khwarizmi, Kitab al-Jabr wal-Muqabala, ed. Mosharafa and Ahmad (Cairo, 1939) , p.23
  3. al-Khwarizmi, Kitab al-Jabr wal-Muqabala, ed. Mosharafa and Ahmad (Cairo, 1939) , p.24
Cite this page

islam.museum contributors. “al-Khwarizmi's astronomical tables (Zij al-Sindhind)”. islam.museum, https://islam.museum/en/work/zij-al-sindhind-khwarizmi/. CC BY-SA 4.0. Last updated 2026-11-04.

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