At a glance
- Roles
- Scientist · Scholar
- Counted among
- Sunni
- Era
- The Buyid, Fatimid and Seljuk Era
- Region
- Persia & Central Asia
- Identifiers
- Wikidata
- Review
- Draft Completeness 1/5 · Help complete it
Life in time
In space
Map: Natural Earth, public domain · places and route from the graph
Astronomy and timekeepingGeography and cartography
Place in the story
- ScientistTradition
Roles are dated and sourced; the museum describes the act and attributes the judgement.
Overview
Abu al-Rayhan Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Biruni, one of the leading scholars of his age in astronomy, mathematics, geography and history. He was born in the outskirts of the city of Khwarazm (Kath). The encyclopaedia gives his birth as 362 AH (973 CE) and his death as 442 AH (1051 CE). 1 2
The date of death comes from one source and needs a second.
Connections
People and things also explored
Ghazna· Maḥmūd takes al-Bīrūnī to Ghazna· The Masʿūdic Canon dedicated· The book on India composed· al-Duz takes Ghazna· death of Ghiyath al-Din, king of Ghur· Ghiyath al-Din al-Ghuri quits the Karramiyya· Ghiyath al-Din Mahmud al-Ghuri killed
Sources
- Mawsu'at A'lam al-Ulama' wa-l-Adaba' al-Arab wa-l-Muslimin — Dar al-Jil / ALECSO
- Kashf al-Zunun an Asami al-Kutub wa'l-Funun — Hajji Khalifa (Furqan ed.)
Cite this page
islam.museum contributors. “Al-Biruni, Muhammad ibn Ahmad”. islam.museum, https://islam.museum/en/person/al-biruni-muhammad-ibn-ahmad/. CC BY-SA 4.0. Last updated 2026-10-28.