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Ulugh Beg ibn Shah Rukh, grandson of Timurlane, who ruled Samarqand for more than thirty years. Ibn al-Imad describes him as unique in his age in the rational sciences, astronomy and geometry, and a Hanafi in school ².

He built a great observatory at Samarqand, completed in the year of his death. He gathered astronomers and geometers from the lands and paid them generous salaries. Ibn al-Imad also mentions his competence in Hanafi jurisprudence, the principles of law, rhetoric, eloquence, Arabic and history ².

Ibn al-Imad reports that his son Abd al-Latif rebelled against him. The two armies met, and some of Ulugh Beg's amirs fled to the son, and Ulugh Beg was defeated. Abd al-Latif took Samarqand, and killed his brother Abd al-Aziz in the presence of their father ².