السلطان ملكشاه جلال الدولة بن ألب أرسلان

السلطان ملكشاه جلال الدولة بن ألب أرسلان

c. November 1092 CE · Shawwal 485 AH

Third Seljuk sultan, succeeding Alp Arslan in 465; Nizam al-Mulk governed as 'atabeg' — the first to bear the title, 'the father amir'. He entered Baghdad in 479, and returning in 485 with the demand that the caliph quit the city, fell ill and died — counted a karama for al-Muqtadi 1.

Depth

At a glance

Era
Abbasid Fragmentation
Review
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Life in time

975100010251050107511001125115011751200 c. c. c. c.
The Buyid, Fatimid and Seljuk Era · The Crusades, Ayyubids and Mamluks Contemporaries: Abu al-Fath Abd al-Baqi al-Haddad al-Hanbali al-Faradi · Abd al-Malik Ibn Attash · Abd al-Qadir al-Jilani · Abdallah ibn Hamuwayh al-Juwayni · Abu al-Hasan al-Ibadi

Overview

Sultan Malikshah, Jalal al-Dawla, son of Alp Arslan and the third of the Seljuq sultans. He came to the throne after his father in 465 AH and gave the management of the realm back to Nizam al-Mulk. 2

His rule

Al-Suyuti says that Nizam al-Mulk was given the title "atabeg", and that he was the first to be so titled; its meaning is "the father prince". Malikshah entered Baghdad in 479 AH. 3 Ibn al-Jawzi describes his rule as extending from Kashgar to Jerusalem in length, and people called him "the just sultan". 4

The hunt

He was devoted to hunting. The source relates that he built the Minaret of the Horns on the pilgrim road from the hooves and horns of game, and that he gave a dinar in charity for every soul he hunted. 4

The death of his son

When his son Dawud died in Isfahan in 474 AH, he grieved for him greatly. He wrote him a note in his own hand, which was taken to Nizam al-Mulk, who read it and wept. 5

Dispute with the caliph

In 485 AH he returned to Baghdad, and sent to the caliph asking him to leave the city. Then he fell ill and died, and this was counted as a wonder in the caliph's favour. 3 In the report of Ibn al-Imad, the caliph used to fast and pray against him. 6

After his death

Ibn al-Imad says that his wife Turkan concealed his death, and took the oath of allegiance for the amirs for her son Mahmud. Then his brother Barkiyaruq rose against them. 6

Connections

Explore the connections

Participated in
The killing of Sultan Alp Arslan and the accession of Malikshah· Fall of Damascus to Atsiz· Malikshah Resolves to Expel the Caliph from Baghdad, and Dies
Related to
The sakk and the hawala

People and things also explored

نظام الملك وزير ألب أرسلان· al-Muqtadi bi-Amr Allah Abdullah ibn Muhammad ibn al-Qa'im· ألب أرسلان عضد الدولة بن جغري بك· أتسز بن أوق الخوارزمي· Yusuf al-Khwarizmi· Bukhara· Damascus· The sakk and the hawala

Sources

  1. Tarikh al-Khulafa — al-Suyuti (Dar al-Minhaj edition) , p. 647,652-653
  2. Tarikh al-Khulafa — al-Suyuti (Dar al-Minhaj edition) , p.647
  3. Tarikh al-Khulafa — al-Suyuti (Dar al-Minhaj edition) , p.652-653
  4. al-Muntazam fi Tarikh al-Muluk wa'l-Umam — Ibn al-Jawzi
  5. al-Muntazam fi Tarikh al-Muluk wa'l-Umam — Ibn al-Jawzi , j.8 p.330-331
  6. Shadharat al-Dhahab — Ibn al-Imad al-Hanbali , p.384-385
Cite this page

islam.museum contributors. “السلطان ملكشاه جلال الدولة بن ألب أرسلان”. islam.museum, https://islam.museum/en/person/malikshah/. CC BY-SA 4.0. Last updated 2026-10-17.

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People

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Related

نظام الملك وزير ألب أرسلان

Alp Arslan's vizier; he ended his predecessor Amid al-Mulk's Ash'ari-cursing, championed the Shafi'is, honoured Imam al-Haramayn and al-Qushayri, and built the Nizamiyya — 'said to be the first school built for the jurists'. In 485 a youth in sufi guise handed him a petition and knifed him on the eve of 10 Ramadan — it was said Malikshah had suborned it; for twenty years he had run the whole realm, leaving the sultan 'only the throne and the hunt', and al-Muqtadi had him sit before him saying 'God is pleased with you as the Commander of the Faithful is pleased with you'.