Abdurauf Fitrat

Fitrat was born in Bukhara in 1886 — a year he himself elsewhere gave as 1884, while the Russian article notes 1885 and the Uzbek infobox gives 1887 ^{1 2 3 4}. He studied at a maktab and at the Mir-i-Arab madrasa in Bukhara, then travelled for the hajj and settled in Istanbul in the early 1910s, where he attended the Vaizin madrasah and came into contact with Islamic reformism ¹. In the English article's account, Mahmudkhodja Behbudiy was a mentor to him: he published in Behbudiy's journal Oyina, and Behbudiy wrote a foreword to his Bayonoti sayyohi hindi ¹.

After returning to Central Asia, Fitrat became a leader of the Bukharan jadids and, after the fall of the emirate, held posts in the government of the Bukharan People's Soviet Republic ¹. He was responsible for the change to Uzbek as Bukhara's national language in 1921, took part in the Latinisation of Uzbek and Tajik, and his advocacy of the new alphabet in 1921 provoked resistance from fellow activists including Sadriddin Ayni ¹. He later taught at colleges and universities in Tashkent and Samarkand and held a research post at the Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, becoming the first Uzbek to receive the title of professor, in 1926 ^{1 2}.

In Stalin's Great Purge, Fitrat was arrested and prosecuted for counter-revolutionary and nationalist activities; archival documents cited by the English article show that he was executed at Tashkent on 4 October 1938, the day before his conviction, while Wikidata carries 5 October ^{1 4}. His work was banned for decades; he was rehabilitated in 1956 ¹.

No source read names a school or order for Fitrat: the English, Russian and Uzbek infoboxes carry no religion field and Wikidata records only Islam in general ⁴. The texts attest his madrasa formation, a devout father, early pan-Islamic essays and a later reformist critique — including a 1929 statement that he had wanted to separate religion from superstition and found that nothing remained of religion once it was separated — but none of that attests an affiliation, and Jadidism is a movement, not a school ¹. His faith segment is therefore recorded as unknown under the two-source rule.

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