سليم الثالث
Selim III (r. 1203–1222/1788–1807) — refused the powers' peace overtures, blamed the late defeats on estrangement from religion, and when France took Egypt in 1798 proclaimed jihad, answered from the Hijaz to North Africa.
Reign · Ottoman Empire · no. 20 in the chain · 1789–1807 CE
Ruled the caliphate
Events of the reign
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Alemdar Incident (1807)
Draft card for Alemdar Incident (1807); its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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Anglo-Turkish War
Draft card for the Anglo-Turkish War of 1807–1809, the Napoleonic-era Mediterranean war that included the Alexandria attempt; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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The killing of General Kléber and the trial of Sulayman al-Halabi (Muharram 1215 / June 1800)
On Saturday 21 Muharram 1215 AH Sulayman al-Halabi, a young man from Aleppo who lodged at al-Azhar, stabbed General Kléber, commander of the French, in the garden of his house at al-Azbakiyya, killing him and wounding the engineer with him. The French convened a court that sentenced him to have his right hand burned and to be impaled, and three Gazan Qur'an reciters of al-Azhar whom he had told of his plan to be beheaded, while Mustafa Efendi al-Bursali was acquitted; the sentences were carried out at Tell al-Aqarib on the day of Kléber's funeral. Al-Jabarti copied the trial papers word for word.
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Austro-Turkish War of 1788–1791
Draft card for the Austro-Turkish War of 1788–1791 under Selim III; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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Babanzade Rebellions (1806–1812)
Draft card for Babanzade Rebellions (1806–1812); its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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First Battle of Abukir
Draft card for the First Battle of Abukir in 1799, Napoleon's victory over the landing Ottoman army during the Egyptian campaign; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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Second Battle of Abukir
Draft card for the Second Battle of Abukir in 1801, the British landing that ended the French campaign in Egypt; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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Battle of Al Khankah
Draft card for the Battle of Al Khankah in 1801, the Anglo-Ottoman victory over the French near Cairo; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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Battle of Al Lith (1803)
Draft card for Battle of Al Lith (1803); its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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Battle of Arpachai
Draft card for the Battle of Arpachai in 1807, the Russians' victory over the Ottoman army in the Russo-Turkish war; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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Battle of Deligrad
Draft card for the Battle of Deligrad in 1806, the Serbs' victory over the Ottoman army in the First Uprising; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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Battle of Derbent (1796)
Draft card for Battle of Derbent (1796); its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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Battle of El Lahun (1798)
Draft card for Battle of El Lahun (1798); its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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Battle of El Salheya (1798)
Draft card for Battle of El Salheya (1798); its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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Battle of Focșani
Draft card for the Battle of Focșani in 1789, the Austro-Russian victory over the Ottomans in Moldavia; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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Battle of Heliopolis
Draft card for the Battle of Heliopolis in 1800, Kléber's victory over the Ottoman army near Cairo; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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Battle of Ivankovac
Draft card for the Battle of Ivankovac in 1805, the Serbian victory over the Ottoman army in the First Serbian Uprising; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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Battle of Krtsanisi
Draft card for the Battle of Krtsanisi in 1795, Agha Muhammad Khan Qajar's capture of Tbilisi in his invasion of Georgia; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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Battle of Lopate (1796)
Draft card for Battle of Lopate (1796); its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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Battle of Mandora
Draft card for the Battle of Mandora in 1801, the British victory over the French near Alexandria; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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Battle of Mišar
Draft card for the Battle of Mišar in 1806, the Serbian rising's victory over the Ottoman army; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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Battle of Mount Tabor
Draft card for the Battle of Mount Tabor in 1799, Bonaparte's victory over the Ottoman Damascene army in Palestine; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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Battle of Nazareth (1799)
Draft card for Battle of Nazareth (1799); its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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Battle of Rymnik
Draft card for the Battle of Rymnik in 1789, the great Austro-Russian victory over the Ottoman army; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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Battle of Salahieh (1798)
Draft card for Battle of Salahieh (1798); its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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Battle of Seltsou (1804)
Draft card for Battle of Seltsou (1804); its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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The battle of Imbaba (Battle of the Pyramids), 1213 AH / 1798
The battle in which Murad Bey and the Mamluk army broke before the French on the Imbaba bank west of the Nile on Saturday 7 Safar 1213 AH, as al-Jabarti tells it: they fought for about three-quarters of an hour with the wind driving sand into the Egyptians' faces; the western army broke, many horsemen drowned, Murad Bey fled south, Ibrahim Bey and the pasha abandoned their tents on the east bank, and most of the people of Cairo fled by night, to be stripped by Bedouin.
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Battle of the Tokhtamysh River (1790)
Draft card for the Battle of the Tokhtamysh River in 1790, an action of the Russo-Turkish War; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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Battles of Batocina and Jagodina (1804)
Draft card for Battles of Batocina and Jagodina (1804); its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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The French take Alexandria (Muharram 1213 / July 1798)
The French landing at Alexandria at the start of the French campaign in Egypt, as al-Jabarti tells it: an English squadron came ten days earlier to warn the port and was rebuffed by al-Sayyid Muhammad Kurayyim; the French fleet arrived on Monday 18 Muharram 1213, landed by night near al-Ajami and by morning surrounded the town 'like swarming locusts'. The governor of al-Buhayra and the Bedouin fled, the townsmen fought from their houses until they asked for safe-conduct, and the French raised their flags and made the notables collect weapons and wear the three-coloured cockade.
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Capture of Belgrade
Draft card for the capture of Belgrade in 1806, the Serbian rebels' seizure of the Ottoman city; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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Capture of Oujda (1796)
Draft card for Capture of Oujda (1796); its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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Dardanelles Operation
Draft card for the Dardanelles Operation of 1807, the British fleet's forcing of the strait and repulse; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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Edirne Incident (1806)
A second "Edirne incident" occurred in 1806 for much the same reasons as the first — a rally against Selim III's reforms, after the mutiny of Albanian troops of 1801.
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First Battle of Al Qunfudhah (1803)
Draft card for First Battle of Al Qunfudhah (1803); its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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The first Cairo revolt against the French, 1213 AH (1798)
The rising of the common people of Cairo against the French on Sunday 11 Jumada I 1213 AH, as al-Jabarti tells it: after the French imposed a tax on houses and property, a crowd without a leader gathered, killed General Dupuy and barricaded the inner quarters; the French bombarded the city and al-Azhar with cannon and mortars from the Citadel and the hills, entered al-Azhar on horseback at night, and then hunted down those they suspected.
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First Scutari–Ottoman War (1785–1789)
Draft card for First Scutari–Ottoman War (1785–1789); its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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First Serbian Uprising
Draft card for the First Serbian Uprising against Ottoman rule under Karađorđe from 1804 to 1813; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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Fourth Anglo-Mysore War
Draft card for the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War of 1799, the war in which Tipu Sultan fell defending Srirangapatna; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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Franco-Turkish War (1798–1801)
Draft card for Franco-Turkish War (1798–1801); its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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The French Campaign on Egypt and the Proclamation of Jihad
The French campaign in Egypt, 1798 — Selim III proclaimed jihad at once; al-Jabarti records the Hijaz rising, six hundred volunteers sailing to al-Qusayr under Muhammad al-Kilani resolved on martyrdom or victory, while Ahmad Pasha al-Jazzar's watchfulness at Acre checked Napoleon himself.
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Masici Rebellion (1806)
Draft card for Masici Rebellion (1806); its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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Russo-Turkish War of 1787–1792
Draft card for the Russo-Turkish War of 1787–1792; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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Russo-Turkish War of 1806–1812
Draft card for the Russo-Turkish War of 1806–1812; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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Saudi–Mamluk of Iraq War (1790–1811)
Draft card for Saudi–Mamluk of Iraq War (1790–1811); its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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Second Scutari–Ottoman War (1791–1795)
Draft card for Second Scutari–Ottoman War (1791–1795); its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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Serbian–Ottoman Wars
Draft card for the Serbian–Ottoman wars of 1352–1913, the centuries of Serb–Ottoman conflict; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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Siege of Acre (1799)
Draft card for the Siege of Acre in 1799, Ahmad Pasha al-Jazzar's stand against Napoleon, who failed to take the city; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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Siege of Alexandria
Draft card for the Siege of Alexandria in 1801, the French capitulation to the British and Ottomans ending the campaign; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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Siege of Anapa
Draft card for the Siege of Anapa in 1791, the Russian capture of the Ottoman fort in the Caucasus; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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Siege of Belgrade
Draft card for the Siege of Belgrade in 1789, the Austrian capture of the Ottoman city in Joseph II's war; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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Siege of Cairo
Draft card for the Siege of Cairo in 1801, the French garrison's surrender to the Ottoman-British allies; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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Siege of Ceuta
Draft card for the Siege of Ceuta in 1790–91, Mulay Yazid's siege of the Spanish-held city; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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Siege of Erivan
Draft card for the Siege of Erivan in 1804, the Russian attempt on the Qajar fortress; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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Siege of Fort Julien
Draft card for the Siege of Fort Julien in 1801, the Anglo-Ottoman siege of the French position near Rosetta; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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Siege of Izmail
Draft card for the storming of Izmail in 1790, Suvorov's Russian assault on the Ottoman Danube fortress; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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Siege of Kerman
Draft card for the Siege of Kerman in 1794, Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar's capture of the city and its sack; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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Siege of Lahore (1800)
Draft card for Siege of Lahore (1800); its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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Siege of Vidin (1798)
Draft card for Siege of Vidin (1798); its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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Siege of Yergöğü (1790)
Draft card for the Siege of Yergöğü (Giurgiu) in 1790, the Ottoman fortress's fall to the Austrians and Russians; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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Ranjit Singh takes Lahore, Safar 1214/July 1799
After some thirty years of rule by a triumvirate of Sikh chieftains, Ranjit Singh wrested Lahore from its three lords in Safar 1214/July 1799; proclaimed maharaja of the Punjab in 1802, he restored much of the city's prestige, repairing its walls and embarking on a programme of construction.
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Souliote War (1789–1793)
Draft card for Souliote War (1789–1793); its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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Third Anglo-Mysore War
Draft card for the Third Anglo-Mysore War of 1790–1792, the war that stripped Tipu Sultan of half his kingdom; its sources are not yet checked on the page.