Umar's covenant with the people of Jerusalem

العهدة العمرية لأهل إيلياء (بيت المقدس)

c. 636 CE · 15 AH

Jerusalem

The covenant of safe-conduct that Umar ibn al-Khattab (may God be pleased with him) gave the people of Iliya when they surrendered the city, as the book quotes it from al-Tabari: safety for persons, property, churches and crosses; no church to be taken or destroyed; no compulsion in religion; no Jew to live in Iliya; the jizya to be paid. The book places it in 15 AH with four named witnesses 1.

Depth

At a glance

Era
The Prophetic Era
Region
Levant & Iraq
Review
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In time

620630640650 c.
The Prophetic Era · The Rashidun Caliphate

In space

Jerusalem

Map: Natural Earth, public domain · places and route from the graph

Overview

The deed of safe-conduct 'Umar b. al-Khattab wrote for the people of Iliya at their surrender, as the source quotes it from al-Tabari: security for their persons, property, churches and crosses; their churches neither settled nor demolished; no one coerced in religion; no Jew to dwell with them in Iliya; and the jizya upon them. It was written and witnessed by Khalid b. al-Walid, 'Amr b. al-'As, 'Abd al-Rahman b. 'Awf and Mu'awiya b. Abi Sufyan in 15 AH 1. The book notes that "Iliya" — the commonest name at the site, meaning the House of God — is what the document uses 2.

Connections

Explore the connections

Occurred at
Jerusalem
Had participant
Umar ibn al-Khattab

People and things also explored

Masjid Al-Aqsa· al-Haram al-Sharif (the Temple Mount esplanade)· Dome of the Rock· Mosque of Omar· The Western Wall (Buraq Wall)· The seven ahruf· Abu al-Mukhtar's Satire on the Ahwaz Officials· Abu Bakr leads the prayers during the final illness

Sources

  1. Bayt al-Maqdis in Islam — a group of scholars and thinkers , p. 61-62
  2. Bayt al-Maqdis in Islam — a group of scholars and thinkers , p. 54-55
Cite this page

islam.museum contributors. “Umar's covenant with the people of Jerusalem”. islam.museum, https://islam.museum/en/event/umar-covenant-jerusalem/. CC BY-SA 4.0. Last updated 2026-10-22.

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Related

Masjid Al-Aqsa

The Aqsa mosque on Jerusalem's south-east corner as al-Muqaddasi saw it: Davidic foundations of ten-cubit carved blocks, Abd al-Malik's superstructure 'finer than the Damascus mosque' until an Abbasid-era earthquake felled the roofed part save the mihrab; too costly for the treasury, the caliph had each provincial amir rebuild one arcade — leaving a visible 'seam' — and Abdallah ibn Tahir added fifteen marble arcades; twenty-six doors, the greatest plated in gilded brass, the domes of the Chain, the Ascension and the Prophet on its platform.