Salman al-Khayl's Campaign in Arran and the Caucasus

غزوة سلمان الخيل لأران والقوقاز

c. 646 CE · c. 26 AH

Arran → Bardha'a (Partaw)

In al-Baladhuri: Salman ibn Rabi'a al-Bahili marched when Uthman ordered him to Arran, taking the city of al-Baylaqan by treaty — securing their blood, wealth and city walls on condition of jizya and kharaj — then came to Bardha'a, camping on the al-Tharthur river less than a farsakh out; its people shut their gates against him, and he strove against it days, launching raids into its villages while its crops stood harvested, until they compounded on the like of al-Baylaqan's treaty, opened the gates, and he entered and stayed; he sent his cavalry who took Shafshin, al-Masfuwan, Awz, al-Misriyyan, al-Harhilyan and Tabar — these being rustaqs — and other forts of Arran, and called the Kurds of al-Lasjan to Islam — they fought him, he overcame them, some submitting to jizya and a few paying sadaqa; then Salman marched to the confluence of the al-Rass and the Kurr beyond Bardha'a, crossed the Kurr, took Qabala, and the lord of Shakkan and al-Qamiran compounded for tribute, as did the people of Khizan, the king of Shirwan, the rest of the mountain kings, and the people of Masqat, al-Shabiran and the city of al-Bab.

Depth

At a glance

Era
The Rashidun Caliphate
Region
Levant & Iraq
Review
Draft Completeness 2/5 · Help complete it

In time

630640650660 c.
The Prophetic Era · The Rashidun Caliphate

Overview

Al-Baladhuri relates that Salman ibn Rabi'a al-Bahili marched when Uthman ordered him toward Arran, and took the city of al-Baylaqan by agreement. 1

The conquests

He granted its people safety for their lives, property and the walls of their city, and stipulated the poll tax and land tax on them. Then he went to Bardha'a and camped on the river al-Thartur, and its people closed their gates. He fought them for days and raided their villages, and they made peace with him on terms like those of al-Baylaqan, and he entered it. 1

He sent his horsemen, who took Shafshin, al-Masfuwan, Awdh, al-Masriyan, al-Harhalîyan and Tabar. He called the Kurds of al-Lasjan to Islam, and they fought him, and he defeated them. Then he crossed the Kur, and the lord of Shaki, the people of Khaytan and the king of Shirwan and others made peace with him. 1

The data ties this raid to Salman's death, which is in the death of Salman al-Khayl.

Connections

Explore the connections

Occurred at
Arran· Bardha'a (Partaw)
Had participant
Salman ibn Rabi'a al-Bahili· Uthman ibn Affan
Led to
The Death of Salman al-Khayl at Balanjar

People and things also explored

The Death of Salman al-Khayl at Balanjar· Salman ibn Rabi'a al-Bahili· Arran· Bardha'a (Partaw)· Abu Dharr's banishment to al-Rabdha (30 AH)· The three years of the secret call· Ali's stance during the siege of Uthman· Ali carries out the drinking penalty on al-Walid ibn Uqba

Sources

  1. Futuh al-Buldan — al-Baladhuri (Mu'assasat al-Ma'arif edition) , p.285-287
Cite this page

islam.museum contributors. “Salman al-Khayl's Campaign in Arran and the Caucasus”. islam.museum, https://islam.museum/en/event/salman-arran-campaign/. CC BY-SA 4.0. Last updated 2026-10-16.

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Related

The Death of Salman al-Khayl at Balanjar

In al-Baladhuri: the Khaqan met him with his horse beyond the river Balanjar, and he was killed among four thousand Muslims, the takbir heard in their defile; Salman ibn Rabi'a had been the first man appointed judge of Kufa — he sat forty days without a litigant coming to him — and had transmitted from Umar ibn al-Khattab; of Salman and Qutayba ibn Muslim, Ibn Jamana al-Bahili says: 'two graves are ours — a grave at Balanjar, and a grave in the lands of Spain's like (Transoxiana): that one whose conquests filled China, and this one watered by the rain-clouds' paths'; with Salman at Balanjar was Qurda ibn Ka'b al-Ansari, who brought word of his death to Uthman.