The uprising of Muhammad al-Nafs al-Zakiyya and his brother Ibrahim

خروج محمد النفس الزكية وأخيه إبراهيم

c. 762 CE · 145 AH

In year 145 Muhammad and Ibrahim, sons of Abdallah ibn al-Hasan the Hasanid, rose; al-Mansur overcame and killed them with a great company of the Prophet ﷺ's house. He was the first to sow strife between Abbasids and Alids — hitherto one party — and harmed scholars who joined or sanctioned the rising, killing and flogging: Abu Hanifa, Abd al-Hamid ibn Ja'far and Ibn Ajlan among them. Malik ibn Anas ruled the rising lawful: 'your bay'a was coerced, and there is no oath upon the coerced' 1.

Depth

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Era
The Early Abbasid Caliphate
Region
Arabia
Review
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In time

750760770780 c.
The Early Abbasid Caliphate · The Umayyad Period

Summary

In 145 AH Muhammad and Ibrahim, the two sons of Abdallah ibn al-Hasan ibn al-Hasan ibn Ali (may God be pleased with him) ibn Abi Talib (may God be pleased with him), rose up. al-Mansur prevailed over them and killed them, together with a group of the Prophet's family. 2

The effect of the revolt

The source describes al-Mansur as the first to sow discord between the Abbasids and the Alids, who had been one before it. It says he harmed scholars who had gone out with the two brothers or had been ordered to go out, by killing and beating them; among them were Abu Hanifa, Abd al-Hamid ibn Ja'far and Ibn Ajlan. 2

It is reported that Malik ibn Anas issued a ruling permitting the rising, saying that they had given the pledge under compulsion, and that there is no oath under compulsion. 2

The account of al-Mas'udi

In al-Mas'udi, al-Mansur consulted an elderly man of the Banu Uqayl, who advised him to reinforce Basra with men; Ibrahim then appeared there, as the man had said. al-Mansur sent Isa ibn Musa out from Kufa with four thousand horsemen and two thousand foot soldiers, and sent Muhammad ibn Qahtaba after him. 3

Muhammad was killed in Medina at the age of forty-five. When news of his brother's death reached Ibrahim while he was in Basra, Ibrahim climbed the pulpit and mourned him. 3

Connections

Explore the connections

Had participant
محمد النفس الزكية· Ibrahim ibn Abdallah al-Hasani· Abu Ja'far al-Mansur· Isa ibn Musa

People and things also explored

Deposition of Isa ibn Musa from the succession· Ibrahim ibn Abdallah al-Hasani· محمد النفس الزكية· The Entry of Abd al-Rahman al-Dakhil into al-Andalus· Beginning of the codification of knowledge· The Building of the Hashimite City at Kufa· Death of al-Mansur· The Fall of Qaliqala, 133, and its Rebuilding

Sources

  1. Tarikh al-Khulafa — al-Suyuti (Dar al-Minhaj edition) , p. 424-425
  2. Tarikh al-Khulafa — al-Suyuti (Dar al-Minhaj edition) , p.424-425
  3. Muruj al-Dhahab — al-Masʼudi , p.284-285
Cite this page

islam.museum contributors. “The uprising of Muhammad al-Nafs al-Zakiyya and his brother Ibrahim”. islam.museum, https://islam.museum/en/event/nafs-al-zakiyya-revolt/. CC BY-SA 4.0. Last updated 2026-10-22.

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Related

Deposition of Isa ibn Musa from the succession

In year 147 al-Mansur deposed his uncle Isa ibn Musa from the succession — al-Saffah had settled it on him after al-Mansur, and Isa was the very man who had fought the brothers Muhammad and Ibrahim for him and overcome them; al-Mansur requited him by deposing him under duress and settling the succession on his son al-Mahdi.