Beginning of the codification of knowledge

بدء تدوين العلم

c. 760 CE · 143 AH

Per al-Dhahabi, in year 143 the scholars of Islam began in this age the codification of hadith, fiqh and tafsir: Ibn Jurayj compiled at Mecca, Malik the Muwatta at Medina, al-Awza'i in Syria, Ibn Abi Uruba, Hammad ibn Salama and others at Basra, Ma'mar in Yemen, Sufyan al-Thawri at Kufa; Ibn Ishaq compiled the Maghazi and Abu Hanifa the fiqh and ra'y, then shortly Hashim, al-Layth and Ibn Lahi'a, then Ibn al-Mubarak, Abu Yusuf and Ibn Wahb. Codification and chapter-ordering spread, and the books of Arabic, language, history and the days of men were written down; before this age the imams spoke from memory or transmitted from sound but unordered sheets 1.

Depth

At a glance

Era
The Early Abbasid Caliphate
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In time

750760770 c.
The Early Abbasid Caliphate · The Umayyad Period

Overview

al-Suyuti, quoting al-Dhahabi, says that in 143 AH the scholars of Islam began to record in writing hadith, jurisprudence and exegesis (tadwin). 2

What al-Dhahabi mentions

According to the report, Ibn Jurayj wrote in Mecca, Malik wrote the Muwatta' in Medina, and al-Awza'i wrote in Syria. Ibn Abi Arawba, Hammad ibn Salama and others wrote in Basra, Ma'mar in Yemen, and Sufyan al-Thawri in Kufa. Ibn Ishaq wrote the Maghazi, and Abu Hanifa wrote on jurisprudence and opinion. 2

Shortly after, Hushaym, al-Layth and Ibn Lahi'a wrote, then Ibn al-Mubarak, Abu Yusuf and Ibn Wahb. Knowledge was increasingly recorded and arranged into chapters, and books of grammar, language, history and the days of the people were written down. Before this era, the imams used to speak from memory, or narrate from unarranged written pages. 2

The event took place in the caliphate of al-Mansur. The Gregorian date is derived.

Connections

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Had participant
Abu Ja'far al-Mansur

People and things also explored

The Entry of Abd al-Rahman al-Dakhil into al-Andalus· The Building of the Hashimite City at Kufa· Death of al-Mansur· Deposition of Isa ibn Musa from the succession· The Fall of Qaliqala, 133, and its Rebuilding· The Founding of Madinat al-Salam (Baghdad)· The Building of al-Rafiqa· Hisham ibn Amr al-Taghlibi's Sind

Sources

  1. Tarikh al-Khulafa — al-Suyuti (Dar al-Minhaj edition) , p. 424
  2. Tarikh al-Khulafa — al-Suyuti (Dar al-Minhaj edition) , p.424
Cite this page

islam.museum contributors. “Beginning of the codification of knowledge”. islam.museum, https://islam.museum/en/event/beginning-of-tadwin/. CC BY-SA 4.0. Last updated 2026-10-22.

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Related

The Entry of Abd al-Rahman al-Dakhil into al-Andalus

In year 138 Abd al-Rahman ibn Muawiya ibn Hisham the Umayyad entered al-Andalus and seized it; his days extended and al-Andalus remained in his descendants' hands past the year 400. A man of learning and justice whose mother was Berber, they said: 'The world is ruled by two sons of Berber women — al-Mansur and Abd al-Rahman ibn Muawiya.' By year 148 nothing lay outside al-Mansur's sway but al-Andalus, held by Abd al-Rahman, who did not take the title Commander of the Faithful but only amir — as did his sons.