The killing of Muslim ibn Aqil in Kufa

مقتل مسلم بن عقيل بالكوفة

Dhu al-Hijja 60 AH

Kufa

Muslim ibn Aqil appeared in Kufa in Dhu'l-Hijja of the year 60, and about twelve thousand men pledged allegiance to him, though some say eighteen thousand 1. When Ubayd Allah ibn Ziyad struck Hani ibn Urwa with a cane and ordered him imprisoned, Muslim proclaimed the slogan 'Ya Mansur', and eighteen thousand men gathered to him 2. Most of them then dispersed from him when Ibn Ziyad besieged him in the palace; he remained with about a hundred men, then with three 2. Muhammad ibn al-Ash'ath granted him safe-conduct after he had fought until he was badly wounded; he was then brought to Ibn Ziyad, who ordered him taken up to the top of the palace and told Bukayr ibn Humran al-Ahmari, who had been struck by Muslim, to strike his neck, and he did so 3. Hani ibn Urwa was taken out to the market and his neck was struck in cold blood 4. Ibn Ziyad ordered Muslim's body crucified and his head sent to Damascus; he was the first of the Banu Hashim to be crucified and the first head of theirs to be carried to Damascus 5. The book notes that his appearance was on Tuesday, eight nights into Dhu'l-Hijja, though some say it was on the day of Arafa, nine days into it 5.

Depth

At a glance

Era
The Umayyad Period
Region
Levant & Iraq
Review
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In space

Kufa

Map: Natural Earth, public domain · places and route from the graph

Overview

Muslim ibn Aqil appeared in Kufa in Dhu al-Hijja 60 AH, and about twelve thousand people pledged to him, or it is said eighteen thousand. 1 His affair ended with his killing at the hand of the governor of Kufa, Ubayd Allah ibn Ziyad. 1

What happened

Ibn Ziyad struck Hani ibn Urwa with a staff and ordered him imprisoned. Muslim called out the slogan "O Victorious" and eighteen thousand men gathered to him. 2 Most of them dispersed when Ibn Ziyad besieged him in the palace, and he was left with about a hundred men, then with three. 2

Muhammad ibn al-Ash'ath granted him safe conduct after he had fought until he was wounded, and he was brought to Ibn Ziyad. Ibn Ziyad ordered him taken up to the top of the palace, and ordered Bakir ibn Humran al-Ahmari, whom Muslim had struck, to strike his neck. 3 Hani was taken out to the market and his neck was struck. 4

After the killing

Ibn Ziyad ordered Muslim's body crucified, and his head was sent to Damascus. The book says that he was the first of the Banu Hashim to be crucified and the first head of theirs to be taken to Damascus. 5

Date

The book says that his appearance was on Tuesday, eight nights into Dhu al-Hijja, and it is said on the day of Arafa, the ninth of it. 5

Connections

Explore the connections

Had participant
مسلم بن عقيل بن أبي طالب· هانئ بن عروة المرادي· Ubaydallah ibn Ziyad· Bakir ibn Humran al-Ahmari
Occurred at
Kufa

People and things also explored

Great Mosque of Kufa· Ali burns people in Kufa who claimed he was God· Ali burns the village of Zarara where wine was sold· ʿAli's dispatch of his own governors to the garrison towns (36 AH)· Ali enters Kufa in 36 AH· Ali's judgment on a slap over a debased dirham in Kufa· Ali's rounds in the market of Kufa· Ali moves the capital to Kufa

Sources

  1. The Umayyad State — Bakr Muhammad Ibrahim Bakr (1st ed., Markaz al-Raya lil-Nashr wal-I'lam, Cairo 2002) , p. 180
  2. The Umayyad State — Bakr Muhammad Ibrahim Bakr (1st ed., Markaz al-Raya lil-Nashr wal-I'lam, Cairo 2002) , p. 183
  3. The Umayyad State — Bakr Muhammad Ibrahim Bakr (1st ed., Markaz al-Raya lil-Nashr wal-I'lam, Cairo 2002) , p. 184-185
  4. The Umayyad State — Bakr Muhammad Ibrahim Bakr (1st ed., Markaz al-Raya lil-Nashr wal-I'lam, Cairo 2002) , p. 184
  5. The Umayyad State — Bakr Muhammad Ibrahim Bakr (1st ed., Markaz al-Raya lil-Nashr wal-I'lam, Cairo 2002) , p. 185
Cite this page

islam.museum contributors. “The killing of Muslim ibn Aqil in Kufa”. islam.museum, https://islam.museum/en/event/killing-of-muslim-ibn-aqil-60/. CC BY-SA 4.0. Last updated 2026-10-22.

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Great Mosque of Kufa

The Great Mosque of Kufa; near-square with slightly unequal sides (~116×109×116×110 m), its south riwaq holding the mashhad of Imam Ali and scattered prayer-niches known as maqams (al-Khidr, Zayn al-Abidin, Jibril, Ibrahim), plus the 'Safina'/Tannur — a sunken octagonal court reached by stairs — and the bayt al-tasht; the Mawsu'at al-Atabat records that it joined the Qasr al-Imara, begun by Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas, through a door in its south wall, and Iraqi excavations measured the palace's side at some 177 m.