al-Aziz's siege of Damascus and the partition settlement (590 AH)

حصر العزيز دمشق والصلح على قسمة البلاد

1194 CE · 590 AH

Damascus

590: al-Aziz of Egypt besieged his elder brother al-Afdal in Damascus — Ibn al-Athir was inside — until al-Adil, al-Zahir of Aleppo, Nasir al-Din of Hama, Asad al-Din Shirkuh of Homs and Mosul's army converged to hold the city, knowing their own lands were next; the settlement gave al-Aziz Jerusalem and Palestine, kept Damascus, Tiberias and the Ghawr for al-Afdal, added Jabla and Latakia to al-Zahir, and restored al-Adil's Egyptian iqta' 1.

Depth

At a glance

Era
The Crusades, Ayyubids and Mamluks
Region
Levant & Iraq
Review
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In time

1180119012001210
The Crusades, Ayyubids and Mamluks

In space

Damascus

Map: Natural Earth, public domain · places and route from the graph

Overview

In 590 AH al-Malik al-Aziz Uthman ibn Salah al-Din, ruler of Egypt, reached Damascus and besieged it, while his brother al-Afdal was in it. al-Afdal sought help from his uncle al-Malik al-Adil, who marched, with the kings of Aleppo, Hama and Homs and the army of Mosul with him. 2

The settlement

When al-Aziz saw their gathering, he knew he had no power over the city. The peace was settled on the terms that Jerusalem and the lands around it in Palestine should go to al-Aziz, and Damascus, Tiberias and al-Ghawr should remain with al-Afdal, and al-Afdal would give his brother al-Zahir Jabala and Latakia. Then al-Aziz returned to Egypt, and each king returned to his own land. 2

Connections

Explore the connections

Had participant
al-Malik al-Adil Sayf al-Din Abu Bakr ibn Ayyub
Occurred at
Damascus

People and things also explored

al-Afdal besieges Damascus and turns back· al-Adil's seizure of Damascus· Death of Salah al-Din at Damascus· al-Malik al-Salih Isma'il b. al-Adil· Rabi'a Khatun bint Ayyub· al-Malik al-Adil Sayf al-Din Abu Bakr ibn Ayyub· Damascus· the Cave of Qasyun (Jibril's Cave)

Sources

  1. al-Kamil fi'l-Tarikh of Ibn al-Athir , p. 234
  2. al-Kamil fi'l-Tarikh of Ibn al-Athir , p.234
Cite this page

islam.museum contributors. “al-Aziz's siege of Damascus and the partition settlement (590 AH)”. islam.museum, https://islam.museum/en/event/damascus-partition-590/. CC BY-SA 4.0. Last updated 2026-10-16.

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Related

al-Afdal besieges Damascus and turns back

Al-Afdal marched from Egypt, besieged his uncle al-Adil in Damascus, and turned back — the house-war that kept Syria and Egypt trading oaths and betrayals.