Grudge (hiqd)

الحقد

Hiqd is a settled resentment: anger held back when one cannot yet take revenge, which turns inward and becomes enmity, suspicion or a wish for retaliation. It differs from envy (wishing a blessing removed from another) and from anger itself, of which it is the residue. ¹ Its ruling follows its motive: resentment born of envy and rancour without right is blameworthy, and the Qur'an censures hypocrites who bite their fingertips in rage at the believers' unity. ² The saying 'the believer is not a grudge-holder' is traced by al-Iraqi to al-Fudayl ibn Iyad and not to the Prophet ﷺ. ² Gifts and handshakes are named as remedies. ³ Resentment toward an oppressor who cannot be stopped, or toward an unbeliever harming Muslims, is not blameworthy; the wronged may forgive or take his right. ³

Depth

At a glance

Era: The Early Abbasid Caliphate
Region: Global / Diaspora
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Ethics and character

Summary

Hiqd is a settled resentment: anger held back when one cannot yet take revenge, which turns inward and becomes enmity, suspicion or a wish for retaliation. It differs from envy (wishing a blessing removed from another) and from anger itself, of which it is the residue. ¹ Its ruling follows its motive: resentment born of envy and rancour without right is blameworthy, and the Qur'an censures hypocrites who bite their fingertips in rage at the believers' unity. ² The saying 'the believer is not a grudge-holder' is traced by al-Iraqi to al-Fudayl ibn Iyad and not to the Prophet. ² Gifts and handshakes are named as remedies. ³ Resentment toward an oppressor who cannot be stopped, or toward an unbeliever harming Muslims, is not blameworthy; the wronged may forgive or take his right. ³

People and things also explored

Ada' al-dayn (paying a debt: its ruling, the manner of payment, insolvency and the debts of the dead)· Ada' al-shahada (performing testimony: the duty on request, the excused witness, and the wording)· Manners of the Qur'an bearer· Biting and the liability for injury it causes (add)· Adha (harm of a slight kind: removing harmful things and the duty not to harm)· Justice and grace (adl wal-fadl)· Pardon (afw) in purity, worship, contracts and penalties· Covenant (ahd) and the duty to keep it; oath by the covenant of God

Sources

al-Mawsu'a al-Fiqhiyya al-Kuwaitiyya, Noor-Book copy (file named v3) , p.7172
al-Mawsu'a al-Fiqhiyya al-Kuwaitiyya, Noor-Book copy (file named v3) , p.7173
al-Mawsu'a al-Fiqhiyya al-Kuwaitiyya, Noor-Book copy (file named v3) , p.7174

Cite this page

islam.museum contributors. “Grudge (hiqd)”. islam.museum, https://islam.museum/en/concept/hiqd-grudge/. CC BY-SA 4.0. Last updated 2026-10-23.

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Wing

Ideas

Beliefs, concepts, sciences and schools, explained in plain words. Related

Ada' al-dayn (paying a debt: its ruling, the manner of payment, insolvency and the debts of the dead)

Paying a debt in the form owed is obligatory by consensus. A debt due now must be paid on demand when the debtor can pay; a deferred debt is not due before its term. Payment is made in like items, with value owed where there is no like; a better payment is allowed when unconditioned. Remission, gift, assignment, set-off and settlement take the place of payment. A solvent debtor who refuses is compelled, imprisoned and his apparent property sold; the majority hold that a bankrupt is put under interdiction and his property divided among creditors, against Abu Hanifa. The insolvent is given respite, and his debt may be paid from zakat if he borrowed for himself in a lawful matter. A dead person's debt attaches to his estate and takes precedence over bequests and inheritance.