سليمان القانوني

سليمان القانوني

c. 1494 CE · c. 900 AH – 1566 CE · 974 AH

Süleyman the Magnificent (r. 1520–1566 CE) — the longest-reigning sultan: four early revolts suppressed, Rhodes taken in 1522, Hungary shattered at Mohács 1526, Vienna besieged 1.

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At a glance

Roles
Ruler · military
Era
The Gunpowder Empires
Region
Anatolia
Identifiers
Wikidata
Review
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Life in time

1450147515001525155015751600 c. c. c. c. c.
The Crusades, Ayyubids and Mamluks · The Gunpowder Empires · The Mongol and Post-Mongol Era Contemporaries: Abu al-Su'ud Afandi · Şaban-ı Veli · 'Abd al-Rahman ibn Ziyad, mufti of Zabid · al-Sha'rani · 'Abd Allah al-Fakihi, the grammarian
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Sultan Suleiman the Lawgiver, Suleiman son of Selim I, of the Ottoman sultans; he ruled from 926 to 974 AH (1520–1566 CE), took Rhodes and won at Mohács.

Sultan Suleiman the Lawgiver ruled from 926 to 974 AH (1520–1566 CE). Born at Trebizond where his father governed, he grew up loving learning; he took the throne at twenty-six, deliberate and immovable in decisions. Al-Sallabi counts four early revolts: Janbirdi al-Ghazali in Syria; Ahmad Shah in Egypt, put down by the state's soldiers in 930 AH; the Shi'i Baba Dhu al-Nun in 926 AH; and Qalandar Chalabi in Konya and Marash with some thirty thousand, beaten after Ibrahim Pasha won over his men. He took Rhodes in 1522, letting the Knights of St John move to Malta; won Mohács in 1526, entered Buda on 11 September, and pressed on to the siege of Vienna.

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Sultan Suleiman the Lawgiver, Suleiman son of Selim I, of the Ottoman sultans; he ruled from 926 to 974 AH (1520–1566 CE), son of Selim I. Born at Trebizond where his father was governor, al-Sallabi says his father cared for him so he grew up loving learning, letters, scholars and jurists; he took the throne at twenty-six, deliberate in his affairs and never backing down from a decision once made. Al-Sallabi counts four revolts in his early years: the governor of Syria Janbirdi al-Ghazali; Ahmad Shah in Egypt in 930 AH who declared himself sultan and was killed by the state's soldiers; the Shi'i Baba Dhu al-Nun in 926 AH; and Qalandar Chalabi in Konya and Marash with some thirty thousand, beaten after Grand Vizier Ibrahim Pasha won over some of his men. He took the island of Rhodes in 1522 after a great war and gave the Knights of St John leave to move to Malta; then launched a great campaign on Hungary, won the battle of Mohács in 1526, entered Buda on 11 September, and pressed on to the siege of Vienna.

Overview

Sultan Suleiman al-Qanuni, whose name was Suleiman ibn Selim I, one of the sultans of the Ottoman state. He ruled from 926 to 974 AH (1520-1566 CE) and was the son of Selim I 2.

Upbringing and accession

He was born in Trabzon, where his father was governor. al-Salabi reports that his father took great care of him, and he grew up loving knowledge, literature, scholars and jurists. He came to the throne at the age of twenty-six, and he was deliberate in his affairs, and once he had made a decision he did not go back on it 2.

The early revolts

al-Salabi counts four revolts in his first years: the revolt of Jan-Berdi al-Ghazali, governor of Syria; the revolt of Ahmad Shah in Egypt in the year 930 AH, when he declared himself sultan and was killed by the state's soldiers; the revolt of Baba Dhu al-Nun, a Shi'i, in the year 926 AH; and the revolt of Qalandar Jalabi at Konya and Marash with some thirty thousand men, which was defeated after the grand vizier Ibrahim Pasha won over some of his men 2.

The conquests

He conquered the island of Rhodes in the year 1522 CE after a great war, and gave the Knights of Saint John the right to move to Malta. He then launched a great raid on Hungary and won the victory at the battle of Mohács in the year 1526 CE, entered Buda on 11 September, and continued his pressure until the siege of Vienna 2.

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Parent of
Bayezid ibn Sulayman al-'Uthmani· سليم الثاني
Opposed by
Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor· Muhammad al-Shaykh al-Sa'di· Vladislaus II of Hungary
Allied with
Francis I of France
Related to
Pargalı Ibrahim Pasha
Predecessor of
سليم الثاني
Child of
السلطان سليم شاه بن عثمان
Participated in
Siege of Belgrade (1521)· The battle of Mohács and the conquest of Buda· Capture of Baghdad· Franco-Ottoman Capitulations· The Ottoman Conquest of Rhodes· Great Siege of Malta (973/1565)· The first siege of Vienna· Sulayman al-Khadim's expedition against India

People and things also explored

Treaty of Crépy-en-Laonnois (1544)· Truce of Nice (1538)· Salih Reis· Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor· Francis I of France· Charles V's Algiers expedition (1541)· Algiers enters Ottoman sovereignty (1519)· The battle of Chaldiran and the entry into Tabriz

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Sources

  1. al-Dawla al-Uthmaniyya — Ali Muhammad al-Salabi (2001) , p. 200-202
  2. al-Dawla al-Uthmaniyya — Ali Muhammad al-Salabi (2001) , p.200-202
Cite this page

islam.museum contributors. “سليمان القانوني”. islam.museum, https://islam.museum/en/person/sulayman-al-qanuni/. CC BY-SA 4.0. Last updated 2026-10-29.

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Treaty of Crépy-en-Laonnois (1544)

The treaty Charles V concluded with the king of France at Crépy-en-Laonnois on 18 September 1544 — after, in al-Salabi's phrase, his star sank with the Algiers disaster and the Protestant rising pressed him in Germany; by it Khayr al-Din's forces evacuated Toulon for Istanbul.